OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence of anatomic variations of the temporal bone to provide valuable reference for clinical otology. METHODS Sev-enty six healthy adults (152 ears) and 66 patients(96 ears) with chronic suppurative otitis media confirmed by clinical examination underwent axial and coronal High-resolution Computed Tomography(HRCT) scan. The incidence of high jugular bulb, dehiscent jugu-lar bulb, anterior location of sigmoid sinus, low-lying middle cranial fossa, dehiscent tegmen tympani, mas-toid antrum dysplasia, aberrant internal carotid artery, and large sinus tympani were recorded. RESULTS In normal, abnormal, well and poorly pneumatized groups, the incidence of highly positioned jugular bulb on the right was higher than that on the left. The total inci-dence of high jugular bulb on the left and right was 26.2 % and 46.0 % respectively. The incidence of ante-rior location of sigmoid sinus in the abnormal group (32.3 %) was higher than that in normal group(15.8 %), which was higher in poorly pneumatized group(43.5 %) than that in well pneumatized group(11.3 %). The inci-dence of dehiscent tegmen tympani in well pneuma-tized group(18.0 %) was higher than that in poor pneu-matized group(8.7 %). There was no significant differ-ence in dehiscent jugular bulb, low-lying middle cranial fossa, mastoid antrum dysplasia, aberrant internal ca-rotid artery, and large sinus tympani between the left and right within and among groups. The incidence of these varia-tions was 2.0 %,21.8 %,1.2 %,0.4 %,0.8 %respectively. CONCLUSION HRCT can show ana-tomic variances of temporal bone clearly before opera-tion and has great clinical value for reducing the inci-dence of complications caused by middle ear operation.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) on coronary vasodilation by analysis of coronary angiography (CAG).

METHODSA consecutive cohort of 300 patients who underwent CAG between January 2013 and July 2013 were recruited and randomly assigned to 2 groups before operation. Patients in the SBP group sublingually took SBP, while those in the control group sublingually took placebos. All patients repeatedly underwent CAG 5 min after administration. The vascular diameter was calculated by quantitative angiography analysis method. The diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery was measured in patients whose coronary arteries had no stenosis. The narrowest vascular diameter was measured in patients whose coronary arteries had stenosis. The heart rate, blood pressure, and the vascular diameter were compared between before and after administration in the two groups.

RESULTSIn the two groups, there was no significant difference in changes of heart rate, systolic pressure, or diastolic pressure between before and after administration (all P > 0.05). There were 64 patients with normal CAG in the two groups, 30 in the control group and 34 in the SBP group. CAG showed there were 236 patients with stenotic coronary artery, 110 in the control group and 126 in the SBP group. The vascular diameter was obviously larger in patients in the SBP group with normal or abnormal CAG after administration (all P < 0.01). It was also obviously larger than that of the control group after administration (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSBP could dilate both normal coronary artery and lesioned coronary arteries, but did not lead to fastened heart rate and decreased blood pressure.

Blood Pressure ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Tablets ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

Adolescent ; Anal Canal ; physiopathology ; Child ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Rectum ; physiopathology

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI).MethodsData of 278 patients with acute traumatic CSCI admitted from 1988 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Pneumonia was the major complication following acute CSCI and discovered by radiography during the first 3—33 days after injury. The all cases were nosocomial pneumonia and G- bacilli were main pathogens, particularly pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incidence of pneumonia of patients with score ≤6 according to the criteria of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) was significantly higher than those with ASIA score >6 (P<0.001).ConclusionThe high incidence of pneumonia in the CSCI is associated with the level and completeness of the injury. The G- bacilli causing nosocomial infection are main pathogens.

Objective To study the interrelation between highly pathogenic avian influenza viral pneumonia(HPAIVP) and cellular factors interleukin-1?(IL-1?),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8)and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) in HPAIVP.Me-thods Sixty Kunming mice were divided into 2 groups randomly:experiment group and control group,each group consisted of 30 mice.The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was used to establish HPAIDP models.The expressions of serum IL-1?,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-? in experiment group of different moment and control group were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Result The levels of serum IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? in experiment group were significantly higher than those in control group(Pa

Objective To investigate the expression of homeobox gene MSX-2 during cranial suture fusion of SD rats and discuss its significance. Methods SD rats aged 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, 15, 18, 22, 30 and 45 days were selected, and immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR were employed to localize and quantify the expression of MSX-2 in different regions of cranial sutures. Results MSX-2 expressed in calvarial suture tissues including the extreme ends of the osteogenic fronts and the underlying dura mater. The expression of MSX-2 was low in posterior frontal suture (PF) and sagittal suture (SAG) from postnatal day 1 to day 8 before the initiation of suture fusion, while it was higher in PF than in SAG from postnatal day 12 to day 22 after the initiation of PF suture fusion. The expression of MSX-2 significantly declined in PF and was moderately higher than that in SAG from postnatal day 30 to day 45 after the initiation of suture fusion. Conclusion There is different expression of MSX-2 in PF and SAG during different suture fusion periods, which suggests the expression of MSX-2 may participate in the regulation of cranial bone development and the fusion of cranial sutures.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to investigate risk influencing factors of asthma for children in Suzhou City, China.

METHODSA survey of asthma was conducted on children aged 0 - 14 with or without asthma from September 2010 to April 2011 in Pingjiang district of Suzhou city. A total of 271 children diagnosed with asthma were considered as a case group, and 271 non-asthmatic children with the same age, sex and living region formed the control group. Risk factors were analyzed with χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSAll children were Han. The case group was composed of 165 boys and 106 girls, so was the case group. The average age was (7.5 ± 2.3) years for the case group and (7.8 ± 2.9) years for the control group, which did not showed any significant difference (P > 0.05). Family history of allergy (OR = 10.624, 95%CI: 6.294 - 18.623), history of children's eczema (OR = 4.403, 95%CI: 8.627 - 29.632), history of allergic rhinitis (OR = 6.871, 95%CI: 7.658 - 31.871), passive smoking when baby was born (OR = 3.323, 95%CI: 3.541 - 11.634), mold contamination (OR = 1.837, 95%CI: 1.531 - 4.926) were the risk factors, and breast-feeding (OR = 0.513, 95%CI: 0.418 - 0.914) was the protective factor.

CONCLUSIONFamily history of allergy, history of children's eczema, history of allergic rhinitis, passive smoking, and old contamination are the risk factors, and breast-feeding is the protective factor.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; etiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To observe the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA and the change of cerebral edema after diffuse brain injury in rats and discuss their correlation.Methods Marmaruu's diffuse brain injury model of rat was made.Real-time quantitative RT-PCR,dry-wet meth- od,histological techniques and electron microscope were used to determine the expressions of MMP-9 containing water in brain tissue and inflammatory reaction and uhrastructural changes of blood capillary at different time phases after truama.Results The expressions of MMP-9 mRNA started to increase at 1 hour,peaked at 12 hours(P

For screening the potential drugs as anti-liver fibrosis candidates, we established a high- throughput drug screening cell model based on COL1A1 promoter. The activity of COL1A1 promoter and luciferase reporter gene can be elevated by TGF-β1, and inhibited by candidate drugs. We constructed a recombined plasmid with COL1A1 promoter and luciferase reporter gene pGL4.17, the activity of COL1A1 promoter was reflected by fluorescence intensity. COL1A1 promoter activity was detected by Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System, it came that the relative luciferase activity of COL1A1 promoter was 15.98 times higher than that of control group induced by TGF-β1, showing the recombined plasmid could be used in cell model. The recombined plasmid was transfected into human hepatic stellate cells LX2, detected the effect of potential drugs, and obtained a stable expression system through stable transfection and monoclonal cell culture. A sample which could reduce COL1A1 promoter activity signally by our cell model, decreased collagen I mRNA and protein expression detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. It indicates this novel cell model can be used in high-throughput drug screening of potential anti-liver fibrosis drugs.
Collagen Type I ; genetics ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Genes, Reporter ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; Luciferases ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology

Traditional processes are mostly adopted in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation production and the quality of products is mostly controlled by terminal. Potential problems of the production in the process are unpredictable and is relied on experience in most cases. Therefore, it is hard to find the key points affecting the preparation process and quality control. A pattern of research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparation process based on the idea of Quality by Design (QbD) was proposed after introducing the latest research achievement. Basic theories of micromeritics and rheology were used to characterize the physical property of TCM raw material. TCM preparation process was designed in a more scientific and rational way by studying the correlation among enhancing physical property of raw material, preparation process and product quality of preparation. So factors affecting the quality of TCM production would be found out and problems that might occur in the pilot process could be predicted. It would be a foundation for the R&D and production of TCM preparation as well as support for the "process control" of TCMIs gradually realized in the future.
Drug Compounding ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; trends ; Quality Control ; Research ; standards ; trends ; Research Design ; standards ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards