Disinfectants ; analysis ; Disinfection ; Drinking Water ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods

Objective To evaluate the cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in patients with essential hypertension (EH) complicating with or without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods Graded maximal exercise test on the bicycle ergometer with respiratory gas analysis were performed in 30 gender and age matched normotensive controls, 40 EH patients without LVH and 30 EH patients with LVH (LVMI 125 g/m2 in males and 120 g/m2 in females). Metabolic equivalents (METs), oxygen uptake(VO2), oxygen uptake to body mass ratio (VO2/kg) and oxygen uptake to heart beat ratio (VO2/HR) at time of reaching anaerobic threshold (AT) and at maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured and compared. Results METs and VO2/kg were significantly reduced in EH patients with or without LVH compared with controls [ at AT, METs: 3.57±0. 8 and 4. 34±1.47 vs. 5.21±1.45 ; VO2/kg: 12. 38± 2. 85 and 14. 42±4. 33 vs. 18.48±4. 52, all P < 0. 01 ;at VO2max, METs:4.94±1.24 and 5. 90±1.51 vs. 6.96±1.85;VO2/kg:(17.20±4.34) ml·min-1·kg-1and (20.41±4.59 )ml · min-1·kg-1 vs. (24. 04±5.21) ml·min-1·kg-1, all P < 0. 01 ]. METs and VO2/kg at both time points were also significantly reduced in EH patients with LVH compared EH patients without LVH ( all P < 0. 05). The lower VO2/kg in hypertensive patients was significantly correlated to higher LVMI ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity was reduced in hypertensive patients, especially in hypertensive patients with LVH.

Three bactreiophages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from sewage and named as PaP1, PaP2 and PaP3. All belong to double-strand DNA phages, their genome is about 47kb, 34kb and 24kb respectively. The titre (pfu/mL) of three phages is respectively 109, 1011 and 1011, PaP1 is lytic phage, both PaP2 and PaP3 are lysogenic. Under electron microscope, All show icosahedral heads with diameter of 70nm, 55nm and 65nm respectively. PaPl belongs taxonomically to Myoviridae, and both of PaP2 and PaP3 belong to Pedoviridae. The phage-re-sistance and substitution phenomenon of the resistant flora for the sensitive were observed, and the mutation frequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to the phage is about 1.4 ? 10-7 ~ 7.9 ?10-7 determined by end-point -titer method.

Objective To detect the mutations of ATP2C1 gene in patients with Hailey-Hailey dis- ease (HHD).Methods PCR and direct sequencing were performed in 17 patients and 120 healthy controls to screen the mutations in the exons of ATP2C1 gene.Results Eight mutations were identified in nine probands, including three deletion mutations (nt1464-1487 del/nt1462-1485del,1523delAT,2375delTTGT),three splice site mutations (360—2A→G,1415—2A→T,2243+2T→C) and two missence mutations (C920T and G1942T).None of the above mutations was found in the controls.Conclusion Eight specific novel mutations were identified in nine probands of HHD,which could be causative factors of the disease.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mRNA and protein expressions of RCAS1 in human astrocytic tumors, and to explore the relation between their expression and the genesis and development of tumor. METHODS: The RCAS1 mRNA expression in human astrocytic tumors was evaluated by RT-PCR, and the RCAS1 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The quantities of RCAS1 mRNA expression between diffusive astrocytoma(Grade II) and anaplastic astrocytoma(Grade III), anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma(Grade IV) were significantly different(P<0.05), while the expression scores of RCAS1 protein were different only between the anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma(P<0.01). RCAS1 protein expression was positively correlated with the tumor grade (r=0.573,P<0.001). The RCAS1 protein was not detected in normal brain tissues by immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSION The RCAS1 expression is related to the histological grade of astrocytic tumor. In astrocytic tumors, the RCAS1 expression is regulated transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; metabolism ; Astrocytoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Young Adult

The efficient and safe delivery of drugs to the therapeutic site through the biofilm has traditionally been a difficult and hot topic in the field of drug delivery. In recent years, alkyl polyglycoside (APG) have become ideal penetration enhancers for drug delivery systems because of their high permeability, good safety and biodegradability, which has attracted wide attention of domestic and foreign researchers. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties, characteristics, action mechanism and application of APG in drug delivery system are reviewed, and its application prospect in drug delivery system is prospected.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative nursing effect of anterior pelvic floor with Prolift mesh. Methods 12 patients were treated with Prolift. Preoperative psychological care and preoperative observation were strengthened. Appropriate functional exercise for pelvic floor muscle was guided. Results The surgical results are satisfactory in 12 patients. No bladder injury, dysuria, vaginal bleeding or discharge flow,lower abdominal pain, hospital infection, and other complications are found in follow-up cases. Only one case with temporary urinary retention after catheter removed was recovered 7 days later. 12 patients with preoperative symptoms are recovered or significantly improved in short-term observation and effective rate is 100%. No recurrence cases were found in follow-up cases. Conclusions Anterior pelvic floor rebuilt with Prolift is an effective treatment for female patients with pelvic organ prolapse and characteristic with minimal trauma, safety,simplify, rapid recovery and good results. Perioperative nursing care and guidance for functional pelvic floor muscle exercise assurance successful surgery and improve life quality in patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of preoperative radiochemotherapy on postoperative complications in patients with mid-low rectal carcinomas.

METHODSClinicopathologic data of T3 and T4 patients with mid-low rectal carcinomas in the Department of Colorectal Surgery at the Changhai Hospital of The Second Military Medical University from January 2009 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. This cohort included 81 patients treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy followed by operation(radiochemotherapy group) and 93 cases who underwent surgery alone(control group).

RESULTSBoth resection rate and sphincter preservation rate were higher in the radiochemotherapy group(100% and 86.4%) than those in the control group(94.6% and 73.1%), and the difference in sphincter preservation rate was statistically significant(P=0.039). There were no significant differences in the mean operative time [(130±15) min vs.(125±20) min, P>0.05] and mean amount of bleeding [(100±15) ml vs. (95±10) ml, P>0.05] between the two groups. The overall incidence of postoperative complications was similar(9.9% vs. 9.7%, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative radiochemotherapy can significantly increase sphincter preservation rate of mid-low rectal carcinomas, and does not increase the difficulty in surgical procedure and postoperative complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Preoperative Care ; Rectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDIn response to the inflammatory reaction, circulating leukocytes aggregate and adhere to the endothelial cells and eventually pervade into tissues, resulting in cell damage. This study was to detect the inflammatory reactions in mouse focal cerebral ischemia and their distinct characteristics in the ischemic basal ganglia and surrounding cortex.

METHODSMice were subjected to permanent occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCAO) by introducing a suture for 2 to 120 hours. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and Mac-1 was determined immunohistochemically. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of the ischemic regions was measured.

RESULTSFour hours after MCAO, the number of ICAM-1 positive vessels in the ischemic basal ganglia increased (9.2 +/- 2.8 per mm(2)), peaked at 48 hours (29.6 +/- 4.8 per mm(2)), and decreased after 72 hours. In the ischemic cortex, the number increased rapidly 4 hours after MCAO (19.4 +/- 6.1 per mm(2)), peaked at 48 hours (44.4 +/- 16.8 per mm(2)), and declined after 72 hours. Mac-1 positive cells were seen in the ischemic basal ganglia (3.4 +/- 1.2 per mm(2)) 12 hours after MCAO, peaked after 48 hours (20.2 +/- 6.3 per mm(2)), and decreased after 72 hours. In the ischemic cortex, however, the number increased 4 hours after MCAO (4.3 +/- 1.7 per mm(2)), peaked after 48 hours (20.9 +/- 8.4 per mm(2)), and remained high at 120 hours. The MPO activity increased in the ischemic basal ganglia 12 hours after MCAO (0.111 +/- 0.023 U/g), peaked after 24 hours (0.194 +/- 0.059 U/g), and decreased after 72 hours. In the ischemic cortex, the MPO activity increased 12 hours after MCAO (0.110 +/- 0.032 U/g), peaked after 24 hours (0.210 +/- 0.067 U/g), and remained elevated at 120 hours.

CONCLUSIONSThe increased expression of ICAM-1 in the ischemic brain of mouse in the early phase of MCAO followed by the over-expression of Mac-1 and the increased MPO activity suggests that focal ischemia leads to early onset of inflammation. The inflammatory response is more persistent and intensive in the ischemic cortex than in the ischemic basal ganglia.

Animals ; Basal Ganglia ; blood supply ; Brain Chemistry ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; blood supply ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Inflammation ; etiology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; analysis ; Macrophage-1 Antigen ; analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Peroxidase ; analysis