Objective Using Intelligence Scale of Mini Mental State Estimated (MMSE) as the gold standard to determine the relevance of International HIV-associated Dementia Scale (IHDS)in minority ethnic areas in Guangxi populations with different cultural values.Corresponding boundary value related to the authenticity and reliability on IHDS were also evaluated.Methods 200 patients with HIV infection were randomly selected from the minority ethnic groups in Guangxi.For each infected person,MMSE and IHDS blind scale were tested at the same period.Using the results from MMSE scale test as the gold standard,ROC curve and IHDS scale in Guangxi minority populations with different education levels which related to the diagnosis of dementia-HIV values were determined.The value of a specific sector under the IHDS sensitivity,specificity,and internal consistency coefficients was also evaluated.Results When considering the infected person did not differ on their educational level,the IHDS scale diagnostic cutoff appeared as 8.25,while 1HDS sensitivity as 0.925,specificity as 0.731 and Kappa as 0.477 (P＜0.001).When considering the extent of cultural differences did influence the prevalence of infection,the different education groups showed different IHDS diagnostic cutoff values.People with high school,secondary school or higher education levels,the IHDS diagnosis appeared to be 8.25,when sensitivity was 0.917,specificity was 0.895 and Kappa was 0.722 (P＜0.001).People with only primary education level,the IHDS appeared to be 7.25.When sensitivity was 0.875,specificity was 0.661 and Kappa was 0.372 (P＜0.001).Conclusion The IHDS diagnostic sector in Guangxi minority groups was lower than the internationally recommended level of diagnostic cutoff value (IHDS≤ 10 points).When using IHDS to perform the HIV related dementia screening program,in the minority areas of Guangxi,culture context,the degree and difference of HIV infection should be considered,especially in using IHDS diagnostic cutoff values.

italic>Alangium chinense is a commonly used medicinal plant of Alangiaceae Alangium, one of the characteristic Miao medicines in Guizhou. The genus is strongly differentiated and has complex morphological variation, with significant differences in active ingredients and potency among herbs. In this paper, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The genomes of Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib chloroplasts were sequenced, their assembly annotation and structural characterization were completed, and the genomes of the congeners Alangium chinense and Alangium alpinum were downloaded from NCBI for comparative analysis. Finally, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by selecting published species with close affinity to Alangium chinense family from NCBI. The results were as follows: Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib chloroplast genomes were 156 670, 156 672 and 156 871 bp in length, with a typical four-segment structure, all containing one long single copy region (LSC), one short single copy region (SSC) and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb). All of them were annotated to 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Three types of long repeat sequences and SSR loci, forward repeats, palindrome repeats and reverse repeats, were found in all chloroplast genomes. Comparative genomic analysis showed that there was diversity in the boundary transition regions of the five species, no rearrangements or inversions were found in the chloroplast genome, and there were significant differences in the coding regions of ndhA, ycf1, rpl16, ycf2, and petD genes, which provided new loci for molecular identification of Patagonia. In the phylogenetic analysis, Alangium kurzii var. kurzii clustered as a single species, and Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum and Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum clustered as a single species, with a support rate of 93 and close affinity, indicating that the phylogenetic tree can be used for the species identification. This paper can provide a basis for the taxonomic identification of Alangium, ensure the safety of clinical use of anise herbs and regulate the market of Alangium chinense herbs.

To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rats plasma and study its pharmamacokinetics after an intragastrical administration of Hippophae rhamnoides extracts. Five healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given single doses of H. rhamnoides extracts (quercetin 26.35 mg x kg(-1), kaempferid 4.040 mg x kg(-1), isorhamnetin 31.37 mg x kg(-1)), and then their orbital sinus blood samples were collected at different time points. The drug plasma concentration of the three flavonoids was determined by HPLC-MS/MS method. After that, the main pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated by using Kinetica 5. 0. 11 software. The methodological test showed that the linear concentration ranges of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin were 7.500-600.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5), 1.000-80.00 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5 ) and 10.00-800.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 0), respectively. The inner and inter-days precisions were both less than 14.0%. The plasma samples showed a good stability and consistency with the requirement of biological sample analysis after the samples were frozen once and placed at - 20 degrees C for 15 d and room temperature for 6 h and the treated analytes were placed at -20 degrees C for 24 h. For quercetin, the pharmacokinetic parameter t(½β), AUC(0-∞), MRT(0.∞), C.(max) and T(max) were (113.3 ± 19.37) min, (12 542.14 ± 3 504.05) μg x h x L(-1), (119.6 ± 13.29) h, (164.6 ± 27.33) μg x L(-1) and (5.199 ± 0.840 3) h, respectively. For kaempferid, the pharmacokinetic parameters t(½β), AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (79.85 ± 17.15) min, (934.51 ± 94.59) μg x h x L(-1), (81.50 ± 13.75) h, (80.15 ± 14.24) μg x L(-1) and (3.827 ± 0.902 7) h, respectively. For isorhamnetin, the pharmacokinetic parameters t1,2,, AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (118.3 ± 20.73) min, (26 067.77 ± 4 124.60) μg x h x L(-1), (129.0 ± 16.30) h, (269.6 ± 29.32) μg x L(-1) and (6.513 ± 1.450) h, respectively. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis method established in this study was proved to be sensitive and accurate and could be applied in the pharmacokinetic study of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rat plasma.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To discuss the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV )infection in the Guangxi .Methods A total of 26 796 copies of the test results for female cervical secretions specimens were analyzed retrospectively from what the second-genera-tion hybrid capture technology mixed detect 13 kinds of high-risk HPV viral DNA .Results Infection rate was 17 .94% in Guangxi , and the infection of HPV in north was higher than other regions ,and the differences of regions had statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The peak age of infection in the Guangxi region was less than 20 years old ,50- <60 years old ,and equal or more than 60 years old .The differences among age groups was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Patients constitute HPV infection Guangxi re-gion had high viral load for 40 .93% ,and high viral load constituent ratio rise with age .Conclusion The existence of high-risk HPV infection is regional different and age different in the Guangxi region ,to high-prone areas ,infection high age should focus on monito-ring ,high viral load in patients with complete cervical cytology and histology examination if necessary .

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of 5 kinds of inflammatory factors (MCP 1,IL 1β,IL-18,HMGB1,and IL-10) in severe EV71 hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD).Methods Hospitalized children who were diagnosed with severe EV71 HFMD in a hospital in March August,2014 were as HFMD group,healthy children who underwent physical examination in outpatient department of the same hospital during the sameperiod were as control group,changes in expression levels of peripheral blood MCP-1,IL-1β,IL-18,HMGB1,and IL-10 of both groups were dynamically observed,clinical data of HFMD group were collected.Results There were 102 children in HFMD group,the average age was (2.18 ± 0.91) years old,80.39％ of whom were ≤3 years old;there were 77,16,and 9 cases in HFMD group at stage 2,3,and 4 respectively at admission.77,52,21,and 88 cases went through stage 2,3,4,and 5 respectively.Expression levels of 5 kinds of inflammatory factors at stage 2,3,and 4 in HFMD group were compared respectively with control group,differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05);expression levels of IL-10 at stage 3 and 4 in HFMD group were not significantly different (P＞0.05).In HFMD group,the expression levels of HMGB1 of stage 2,3 progression groups were both higher than recovery group(both P＜0.05).The expression levels of 5 kinds of inflammatory factors in the death group and survival group at admission were all significantly different (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of MCP 1,HMGB1,IL-1β,IL-10,and IL-18 are closely related to the severity of HFMD,and has certain clinical significance for the prognosis of children.HMBG1 has certain predictive value in the prognosis of HFMD.

To investigate the crucial role of particle size in the biological effects of nanoparticles, a series of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared with particle size gradients (50, 100, 150, 200 nm) with the traditional Stober method and adjusting the type and ratio of the silica source. The correlation between toxicity and size-caused biological effects were then further examined both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that the prepared MSNs had a uniform size, good dispersal, and ordered mesoporous structure. Hemolytic toxicity was found to be independent of particle size. At the cellular level, MSNs with smaller particle sizes were more readily internalized by cells, which initiated to more intense oxidative stress, therefor inducing higher cytotoxicity, and apoptosis rate. In vivo studies demonstrated that MSNs primarily accumulated in the liver and kidneys of mice. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that larger MSNs were eliminated more efficiently by the urinary system than smaller MSNs. The mice's body weight monitoring, blood tests, and pathological sections of major organs indicated good biocompatibility for MSNs of different sizes. Animal welfare and the animal experimental protocols were strictly consistent with related ethics regulations of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Overall, this study prepared MSNs with a particle size gradient to investigate the correlation between toxicity and particle size using macrophages and endothelial cells. The study also examined the biosafety of MSNs with different particle sizes in vivo and in vitro, which could help to improve the safety design strategy of MSNs for drug delivery systems.

In order to establish HPLC fingerprint of Liuwei Dihuang soft capsule, and to provide certain reference for an quality control of it, the HPLC method was performed on an Agilent C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) column with acetonitrile-0.02% trifluoroacetic acid as mobile phase, gradient elution volume flow of 1.0 mL x min(-1), column temperature was 30 degrees C, detection wavelength: 0-60 min, 238 nm, 60-70 min, 210 nm. The software for chromatographic fingerprint was applied to analysis different batches of Liuwei Dihuang soft capsule samples. Sixteen mutual peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks in 12 samples with loganin as the reference peak, and all of the detected peaks were separated effectively. Cluster analysis (HCA) and similarity analysis (SA) were done based on data of 12 samples clustering analysis of 12 batches of samples were divided into 2 categories. Including 7 for the first class, the rest was second, similarities calculated by SA were all above 0.92, indicating a good similarity between the reference and twelve batches of samples, also, the analysis results of HCA and SA basically the same. This method is simple with good precision, repeatability and stability, and provides the basis for Liuwei Dihuang soft capsule quality control.
Capsules ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo study the role of lateral collateral ligament complex on the posterolateral rotatory instability and the relationship between the radiocapitellar ratio (RCR) and the injury of lateral collateral ligament complex on X-ray images.

METHODSTwenty elbow joints from fresh-frozen adult cadavers were used to make osteo-ligamentous elbow specimens. The specimens were fixed with a self-made device to maintain posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow joint. All the specimens were divided into two groups: group A and group B. Surgical procedures were carried out as follows in the lateral structures of group A: A1, intact specimen; A2, transection of radial ulnar collateral ligament firstly; A3, transection of annular ligament secondly; A4, final transection of the radial collateral ligament. The procedures in group B were carried out as follows: B1, intact specimen; B2, transection of the radial collateral ligament firstly; B3, transection of the annular ligament secondly; B4, final transection of the radial ulnar collateral ligament. Lateral X-ray films of elbow joint were taken, and the radiocapitellar ratio (RCR) was measured by using PACS. All analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSGroup A: the increases in RCR had statistical differences among A1, A2, A3, and A4 groups. Group B: the increases in RCR had no statistical differences among B1, B2 and B3 groups; but the increase in RCR in group B4 was more than that in B1, B2 and B3 groups.

CONCLUSIONThe radial ulnar collateral ligament is a key structure to maintain posterolateral rotatory stability;the radial collateral ligament and the annular ligament are the secondary important structures. There are 4 grades of the posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow, according to the X-ray imaging classification.

Collateral Ligaments ; injuries ; Elbow Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radiography

AIMTo study the effect of the recombined human growth hormone(rhGH) on secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), epidermal growth factor (EGF) in rats with obstructive jaundice.

METHODSSixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, sham-operated (group A), common biliary duct-ligated (group B), biliary duct-ligated plus rhGH-treat for one week (group C), biliary duct-ligated plus rhGH-treat for two weeks (group D), each group had 15 rats. Except group A, the rats of other groups were operated with biliary duct-ligated. Until two weeks after operation, the rats of group A and B were killed. After operation, the rats of group C were treated with rhGH hypodermic injection (0.75 U x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for one week, and then killed. The rats of D group were treated with rhGH hypodermic injection (0.75 U x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for two weeks, and then killed. All procedures were performed aseptically. Total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), prealbumin(PA), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), sIgA, EGF were measured.

RESULTSCompared with group A, in group B, C, D, serum level of PA, IGF-1 and sIgA, EGF level of gastric and intestinal juice were lower, but TB, ALP were higher, there were significant difference. Compared with group B, the rats with treatment of rhGH in group C and D had higher sIgA and EGF and lower intestinal bacterial translocation.

CONCLUSIONIn objective jaundice rats, rhGH can protect their hepatic function, intestinal physical-barrier function and immune-barrier function, and reduce intestinal bacterial translocation.

Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Growth Hormone ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; metabolism ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology

This article reports the clinical features and C12orf65 gene mutations of a girl with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-55. The 8-year-old girl experienced disease onset at the age of 5 years and had optic atrophy as the main clinical manifestation, with slow movements in standing up and a slight duck-shaped gait. Peripheral blood DNA samples were collected from this child and her parents and brother to perform high-throughput whole-exome sequencing and high-throughput mitochondrial genome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed for verification. The results showed two compound heterozygous mutations, c.394C>T and c.447_449delGGAinsGT, in the C12orf65 gene. The former mutation came from her father and was a known pathogenic mutation, and the latter came from her mother and was a novel mutation which had not been reported in literature. This study expands the mutation spectrum of the C12orf65 gene and thus provides a molecular basis for the etiological diagnosis of the child and the genetic counseling of the family.
Child ; Female ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Peptide Termination Factors ; genetics ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary ; genetics