Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on myocardial NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with hemorrhagic shock (HS).Methods Forty adult male rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (Sham group),sham operation + NaHS group (Sham + NaHS group),HS group and HS + NaHS group.HS was induced by withdrawing blood from the femoral artery.After HS,NaHS 28 μmol/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 10 min before resuscitation in groups HS + NaHS and Sham + NaHS.MAP was monitored and recorded at 0,1.5,2,3,4 and 6 h after blood-letting.The rats were then sacrificed and hearts were removed for determination of phosphorylated IKKβ (pIKKβ),IκBα (pIκBα),NF-κB p65 (pNF-κB p65) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and for examination of myocardial ultrastructure with light and electron microscope.Results Compared with Sham and Sham + NaSH groups,MAP was significantly decreased and the expression of pIKKβ,pIκBα,pNF-κB p65 and HMGB1 was up-regulated in HS and HS + NaHS groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with HS group,MAP was significantly increased and the expression of pIKKβ,pIκBα,pNF-κB p65 and HMGB1 was down-regulated in HS + NaHS group (P ＜ 0.05).The pathologic changes were attenuated in HS + NaHS group compared with group HS.Conclusion Exogenous hydrogen sulfide can attenuate myocardial injury induced by HS through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway and reduction of inflammatory response.

Current treatments for cancer and the central nervous system diseases are limited,partly due to the difficulties posed by the insolubility,poor distribution of drugs among cells and lack of selectivity of drugs,the inability of drugs to cross cellular barriers and blood brain barrier (BBB).Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess many distinct properties including good electronic properiies,remarkably penetrating capability on the cell membrane,high drug-loading and pH-dependent therapeutic unloading capacities,thermal properties,large surface area and easy modification with molecules,which render them as a suitable candidate to deliver drugs to cancer and brain.CNTs as a drug delivery could achieve a high efficacy,enhance specificity and diminish side effects.Whereas CNTs have been primarily employed in cancer treatment,a few studies have focused on the treatment and diagnosis of the central nervous system diseases using CNTs.Here,we review the current progress of in vitro and in vivo researches of CNTs-based drug delivery to cancer involving CNTs-based tumor-targeted drug delivery systems (DDS),photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT).Meanwhile,we also review the current progress of in vitro and in vivo researches of CNTs-based drug delivery to brain.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate prognostic effect of postoperative resection-margin status for intraoperatively positive resection margin in advanced gastric cancer and discuss the treatment choice for intraoperatively positive resection margins.

METHODSA retrospective study was investigated in 64 advanced gastric cancer patients with positive resection margin after potentially curative resection. The survival between 50 patients who was re-excised to a negative resection margin (NR group) and 14 patients who were left with positive resection margin (PR group) was compared. Prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression model analysis.

RESULTSThe median survival in the PR group was 17.0 months (95%CI: 11.6 - 22.4) as compared with 23.0 months (95%CI: 20.5 - 25.5) in the NR group (P = 0.045). However, resection-margin status lost significance on multivariate analysis. In the subgroup of D2 lymphadenectomy, the median survival in the PR group and NR group were 17.0 months (95%CI: 12.0 - 22.0) and 24.0 months (95%CI: 19.8 - 28.1) respectively; multivariate analysis further identified resection margin status as an independent prognostic factor.

CONCLUSIONSRe-excision for intraoperatively positive margin to negative margin improves the prognosis of the patients with advanced gastric cancer, and re-excision is the first choice when intraoperative frozen section detects a positive margin. Routine frozen section of resection margin should be mandatory in all advanced gastric cancer undergoing potentially curative surgery.

Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frozen Sections ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVEA comparative proteomic approach was used to identify and analyze proteins relevant to metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSProteins extracted from 12 liver tumor tissue specimens (6 with metastases and 6 without) were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Comparative analyses of 2-DE protein patterns between the two groups were done using computerized image analysis. Selected proteins exhibiting statistically significant alternations were identified by mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed to examine the expressions of the candidate proteins.

RESULTS16 proteins including HSP27, S100A11, CK18 were identified using mass spectrometry, which were related to cell mobility, signal transduction, and energy metabolism respectively. Of these, HSP27 was found to be uniquely over-expressed in 2-DE maps of all metastatic HCCs when compared to the non-metastatic HCC tissues. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting of HCC tissues confirmed this difference while RT-PCR did not.

CONCLUSIONThere are different proteins working together that affect the metastasis of HCCs. The overexpression of HSP27 may serve as a biomarker for early detection and therapeutic targets to the metastatic phenotype of HCC. The role of HSP27 in HCC metastasis warrants further investigation.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; pathology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; analysis ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; Proteome ; analysis ; S100 Proteins ; analysis

BACKGROUNDThe continual and rapid development of techniques which are used for diagnosis and treatment makes management of colorectal cancer more difficult depending on single discipline. Colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) working model is recommended by UK and other countries, but there is little information on the impact of MDT working on management of colorectal cancer in China. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on management of colorectal cancer after the inception of an MDT.

METHODSA total of 595 consecutive colorectal cancer patients were referred to the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the pre-MDT cohort include 297 patients, recruited from January 1999 to November 2002, and the MDT cohort had 298 patients enrolled from December 2002 to September 2006. Information recorded included: TNM stage from histological reports, degree of differentiation, the number of examined lymph nodes and CT TNM staging performed or not, and its accuracy, including local and distant recurrence.

RESULTSThe number of examined lymph nodes and the accuracy of TNM staging by CT in the MDT group were significantly more than those in pre-MDT group. CT TNM staging was more accurate in the MDT group compared to the pre-MDT group (P = 0.044). The rate of tumor recurrence in the MDT group was lower than pre-MDT group (log-rank test, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (P = 0.001), management after inception of the MDT (P = 0.002), degree of differentiation (P = 0.003), number of examined lymph nodes (P = 0.002), and TNM stage (P = 0.000) were important factors that independently influence overall survival.

CONCLUSIONSThe inception of MDT working improved the diagnostic accuracy and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. MDT working promoted communication and cooperation between disciplines and ensured high-quality diagnosis, evidence-based decision making, and optimal treatment planning.

Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease Management ; Female ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus (RV) in different epidemic areas in China. Methods Brain specimens from animals and suspected patients were collected at the districts of high-, medium- and low incidence rates of human rabies and detected by both direct Immunofluorescence assay (DFA) and RT-PCR. Results 254 of 3007 specimens of dog brains showed RV positive by DFA (positive rate of 8.4% ). Among these 254 samples, 78 showed positive (positive rate of 30.7% ) by RT-PCR. 93 specimens from dogs and cats that had attacked human beings, 63 of them showed positive by DFA (positive rate of 67.7%) and all of them were also positive by RT-PCR. In addition, RV could also be detected in Apodemus agrarius,ferret badger, and suspected patients specimens from the districts under survey. There was no statistical difference between the infection rates of RV in different provinces and regions with different incidence of rabies. Conclusion There might be a relatively high infection rate of RV among the domestic dogs/cats in the endemic areas in China. Wild animals might have been infected with RV in the districts under survey.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the distribution of rabies virus and genetic variation, the genetic characterization and variation of rabies virus strains in China were analyzed.

METHODSThe downstream 720 nucleotides of Nucleoprotein (N) gene coding region of the rabies specimens from different areas and host animals were sequenced, and then homology and phylogenesis were analyzed.

RESULTSNucleotide similarities of 34 N gene sequences were 87.5%-100%, and the deduced amino acid similarities were 93.3%-99.6%. Most of the nucleotide variations were synonymous mutations.

CONCLUSIONThe 34 rabies specimens all belong to genotype I and are of regional characteristic. The rabies viruses in high-incidence areas in China are of various origins and present the transmission tendency from high-incidence areas to surrounding regions. There may be cross-infection and mutual spread of rabies virus between wildlife and domestic animals as well as native and foreign animals.

Animals ; China ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Nucleoproteins ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Rabies ; virology ; Rabies virus ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relevant factors of liver histological changes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with mildly elevated ALT and to explore the clinical values of these factors on anti-viral treatment.

METHODSA total of 152 CHB patients with mildly elevated ALT (less than 2 x ULN) who underwent liver biopsy were included in the study. Correlations between routine laboratory markers, liver histological inflammation grade and fibrosis stage were statistically assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and Logistic regression statistical analysis.

RESULTSAll patients in the study showed various hepatic histological damages. Among the 152 patients 50 (32.9%) were found with inflammation grade 1 (G1), 42 (27.6%) with G2, 46 (30.3%) with G3 and 14 (9.2%) with G4. 16 patients (10.5%) were found with fibrosis stage 2 (S2), 25 (16.5%) with S3 and 41 (27.0%) with S4. Routine laboratory markers Alb, BPC and WBC were significantly correlated with hepatic histological inflammation grade and fibrosis stage. Marked liver fibrosis and moderate to severe liver damage were significantly higher in patients aged more than 40 years as compared to those less than 40 years of age (P = 0.002, P = 0.010). The regression equation P = 1/[1+e-(9.36250-1625Alb-0.0234BPC)] was established with sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 65.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSION67.8% of CHB patients with mildly elevated ALT have significant injury to the liver tissue. CHB patients aged more than 40 years have a significant increase of marked liver fibrosis and moderate to severe liver damage. The regression equation is valuable to predict whether CHB patients need antiviral therapy or not.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanism of qi-tonifying and stasis-eliminating (QTSE) therapy on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1 in the brains of intracerebral hemorrhagic (model) rats.

METHODSOne hundred and eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: the normal group (n=5), the sham-operative (SO) group (n=35), the model group (n=35), the QTSE group (n=35), the QT group (n=35) and the SE group (n=35). All the rats except those in the normal group and SO group were established into an intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) model by intracerebral injection of collagenase type VII and the latter three were orally administered with Buyang Huanwu Decoction (a classical recipe for QTSE) or with some of its components for qi-tonification and for stasis-elimination, respectively. To the other three groups, normal saline solutions were given instead. Behavioral tests were carried out in the animals randomly chosen from each group on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after modeling. The expressions of VEGF, Flk-1 and Flt-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and the number of vascular segments with positive expression in the injured brain area of the rats was calculated.

RESULTSFrom day 7 onwards, the asymmetric forelimb use rate in the QTSE group recovered more significantly than that in the other model groups. In the model group, the expressions of VEGF, Flk-1 and Flt-1 appeared on day 1 and reached a peak on day 21, then weakened gradually. In the QTSE group, as compared with the other model groups, a higher level of VEGF expression was shown from day 7 (P<0.01) and a higher level of Flt-1 expression was shown from the 7th day to the 21st day (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONQTSE therapy can up-regulate the expressions of VEGF and its receptors (Flk-1 and Flt-1) and improve the recovery of kinetic function in the ICH rats, which may be correlated with its action in modulating vascular regeneration to promote the reconstruction of microvascular networks in the damaged areas.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Forelimb ; physiopathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Qi ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; metabolism

AIM To determine the contents of aspartic acid,glutamic acid,serine,glycine,threonine,citrulline,arginine,alanine,γ-amino-butyric acid,tyrosine,valine,phenlalanine,isoleucine,ornithine,leucine,lysine and proline in Gualoupi Injection and its intermediates,and to analyze their change laws.METHODS The OPA-FMOC online derivatization analysis was performed on a 45℃ thermostatic Waters XBridge C18 column(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of phosphate buffer solution-[methanol-acetonitrile-water(45 : 45 : 10)]flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 262,338 nm.Principal component analysis and heatmap analysis were adopted in chemical pattern recognition for the corresponding intermediates in ten processes of six batches of samples.RESULTS Seventeen amino acids showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2>0.998 0),whose average recoveries were 83.4％-119.5％with the RSDs of 0.91％-7.94％.Different batches of samples in the same process were clustered,and the corresponding intermediates in different processed were clustered into three groups.Alcohol precipitation and cation exchange column demonstrated the biggest influences on amino acid composition.CONCLUSION This experiment can provide important references for the critical factors on quality control of Gualoupi Injection,thus ensure the stability and uniformity of final product.