Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of conventional and dynamic contrast- enhanced MRI in lymphoma of the orbit.Methods Thirteen cases of lymphoma of the orbit,including B-C (10 cases),T-C (1 case),T-NK-C (1 case)lymphoma,and multiple myeloma (1 case),were studied using conventional MR and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging with 3D fast spoiled gradient echo sequence.Calculated values included time to peak (Tpeak),washout ratio (WR),slope and enhancement ratio (ER),and time-intensity curves (TICs),and Tpeak,WR,slope and ER were calculated preoperatively.Results Eleven of the 13 lymphomas of the orbit was seen in the anterior portion of the orbit including eyelid and lacrimal gland.On conventional MRI,10 cases showed iso-intensity on T_1WI and T_2WI and all 13 cases showed moderate enhancement after contrast administration.TIC of all 13 cases showed rapid enhancing and wash-out,Tpeak was (58.7?8.5)s,and WR was (30.9?9.4)%.The accurate diagnosis with only conventional MRI was achieved in 6 out of 13 cases,while the accurate diagnosis was achieved in all 13 cases by using combined conventional MRI and dynamic enhanment MRI.Conclusion onventional MRI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is useful for the diagnosis of lymphoma of the orbit.

This study was to investigate the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Zygophyllumfabago, by phytochemical methods. The compounds were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies from the EtOAc extract. Their structures were characterized by various spectroscopic data (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS) and comparison with the literature. As a result, thirteen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 1-hydroxyhinesol(1), hinesol(2), atractylenolactam(3), beta-eudesmol (4), 5alpha-hydroperoxy-beta-eudesmol(5), 12-hydroxy-valenc-1(10)-en-2-one(6), pubinernoid A(7), (6S,7E)-6-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3,9-dione(8), 3-hydroxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-beta-ionone (9), (3S,5R, 6S, 7E)-3, 5, 6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(10), (6R,7E,9R)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one(11), (S)-3-hydroxy-beta-ionone(12), and blumenol A(13). Compounds 1-7 were sesquiterpenoids and 8-13 were megastigmane type norsesquiterpenoids. All the compounds were obtained from Z. fabago for the first time, and compound 1 was a new natural product.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Terpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Zygophyllum ; chemistry

AIMTo determine phenytoin sodium by a highly accurate nephelometric titration.

METHODSThe titration operating conditions were optimized and the solubility product constant of phenytoin silver precipitation was determined.

RESULTSThe result of the titration is comparable to those of control experiments.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method has been found to be accurate, precise, specific, reproducible, and linear.

Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of patients with solitary kidney stones. METHODS: The clinical data of 22 patients with solitary kidney stones treated with PCNL in Peking University People's Hospital from September 2008 to June 2014, with the follow-up data of more than 5 years were analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative indicators, postoperative stone free rate (SFR) and incidence of complications were recorded. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the long-term stones recurrence rate. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used to assess the long-term renal function. RESULTS: In this group of 22 patients, the average age was (50.3±11.8) years, with 10 cases of anatomic solitary kidneys, 12 functional solitary kidneys, and the median stone diameter was 1.65 (1.1-3.9) cm. All the patients had multiple stones, including 7 cases of staghorn stones. The median pre-operative serum creatinine was 104.5 (60.0-460.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.3±29.4) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. The mean operative time was (88.2±42.0) min, and there were 11 cases of single-channel and double-channel PCNL. The median serum creatinine on the first day after surgery was 102.0 (63.0-364.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (58.0±25.1) mL/min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was (8.7±5.2) days. In this group, 5 patients (22.7%) presented short-term complications, among which 4 patients presented postoperative infection and massive hemorrhage at the same time, which improved after conservative treatment, and 1 patient presented pleural injury and improved after closed thoracic drainage. Two patients (9.1%) developed long-term complications, and ureteral stricture occurred 3 months after operation, which improved after balloon dilatation. The median follow-up time was 6.2 (4.7-11.1) years. The median serum creatinine at the last follow-up was 104.0 (72.4-377.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.1±23.7) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. Renal function decreased in 6 patients (27.3%). Initial and final SFR were 72.7% and 100%, respectively. During the 6.2-year follow-up, 9 patients (40.9%) experienced recurrence of kidney stone. After stone recurrence, 13 lithotomy surgeries were performed, and the SFR by the latest follow-up was 63.6%. CONCLUSION This study had the longest follow-up time for patients with solitary kidney stones after PCNL reported at home and abroad. Ultrasound-guided standard PCNL was safe and effective in the treatment of solitary kidney stones. Long-term follow-up results showed that the recurrence rate of kidney stones was still high, but the long-term renal function was stable after operation, and some patients showed mild renal function decline.
Adult ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Kidney/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To study retrovirus (RV)-mediated transduction of gastric carcinoma cells with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene and the subsequent treatment with ganciclovir(GCV). Methods: The TK gene was transfected into human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN28 using HSV-TK that packed with PA317 cell, the sensitivity of MKN28TK cells to GCV was examined in vitro. Results: The retroviral-mediated HSV-TK gene can be transfected to MKN28 cells. The growth rate of MKN28 cells transfected with HSV-TK gene did not change. MKN28TK cells became significantly sensitive to GCV and had bystander effect. Conclusion: Transfection of gastric carcinoma with HSV-TK has higher transfection efficiency. MKN28TK cells are significantly sensitive to GCV.

Objective: To study retrovirus (RV)-mediated transduction of gastric carcinoma cells with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene and the subsequent treatment with ganciclovir(GCV). Methods: The TK gene was transfected into human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN28 using HSV-TK that packed with PA317 cell, the sensitivity of MKN28TK cells to GCV was examined in vitro. Results: The retroviral-mediated HSV-TK gene can be transfected to MKN28 cells. The growth rate of MKN28 cells transfected with HSV-TK gene did not change. MKN28TK cells became significantly sensitive to GCV and had bystander effect. Conclusion: Transfection of gastric carcinoma with HSV-TK has higher transfection efficiency. MKN28TK cells are significantly sensitive to GCV.

Objective To evaluate MR imaging findings of uveal metastases.Methods MR imaging findings of 20 cases with uveal metastases comfirmed by pathology or follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.MR imaging was performed in 20 patients,of which postcontrast T1-weighted imaging was performed in 19 patients including dynamic contrast enhancement scanning in four cases.Results Metastatic tumor was found in the iris and ciliary body in two cases,and in choroid in 18 cases.The tumor demonstrated slightly hypointense signal on Tl-weighted imaging and isointense signal on T2-weighted imaging in two cases,isointense signal on T1-weighted imaging and isointense signal on T2-weighted imaging in nine cases,isointense signal on T_1-weighted imaging and slightly hyperintense signal on T_2-weighted imaging in three cases,isointense signal on T_1-weighted imaging and slightly hypointense signal on T_2- weighted imaging in three cases,slighdy hyperintense signal on T_1-weighted imaging and slightly hypointense signal on T_2-weighted imaging in two cases,and slightly hyperintense signal on T_1-weighted imaging and slightly hyperintense signal on T_2-weighted imaging in one case.The tumor appeared as mild thickness of the wall of the globe in eight cases,a crescent mass in three cases,a fusiform mass in seven cases,and a nodule in two cases.Nineteen patients showed moderate or marked enhancement on postcontrast T_1-weighted imaging.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in four patients suggested a rapid enhancement and slow washout pattern.Retinal detachment was observed in 11 patients and abnormal signal intensity within the vitreous body was seen in two cases.Conclusion MRI can display the location,shape, signal characteristics,and enhancement pattern of uveal metastases,contributing to diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective Radiological findings of very rare hemangioendotheliomas in the orbit have not been reported.Radiological findings on different imaging studies of four cases with hemangioendotheliomas in the orbit were described and the literature was reviewed so as to understand features of hemangioendotheliomas in the orbit.Methods CT and MR imaging findings of four cases with hemangioendotheliomas in the orbit confirmed by histopathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results A mass was found in the superotemporal quadrant in the anterior extraconal space of the orbit in three cases and in the inferonasal quadrant in one case. CT studies revealed a homogeneously ovoid tumor with benign remodeling of the adjacent bone in three cases and a homogeneously irregular mass without any bony change in one case.MR imaging showed a mass in the orbit that was mildly hypointense on T_1-weighted sequences and hyperintense on T_2-weighted images with areas of flow voids representing vessels within the peripheral portion of the tumor in four cases.All four patients demonstrated significant enhancement immediately after intravenous administration of contrast material and a type D time-signal intensity curve (TIC)pattern on MR dynamic contrast enhancement scanning.Conclusions Hemangioendotheliomas in the orbit appeared as a hypervascular tumor predominantly in the extraconal space with areas of flow voids within the tumor and early significant enhancement of the tumor after intravenous administration of contrast material.MR imaging is the best method in demonstration of features of hemangioendotheliomas in the orbit and in diagnosis of these tumors.