The purpose of the study was to observe the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) on the differentiation and maturation of rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. BMDCs from Wistar rats were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4 in the presence or absence of RAPA (20 ng/mL), and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h before cells and supernatants were collected. Surface phenotype of BMDCs was flow-cytometrically detected to determine the expression of maturation markers, MHC class II and CD86. Supernatants were analyzed for the production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma cytokines by using ELISA. BMDCs were co-cultured with T cells from Lewis rats and mixed lymphocyte reaction was assessed by MTT method. The morphology of BMDCs stimulated with LPS remained immature after RAPA pretreatment. RAPA significantly decreased the CD86 expression, impaired the IL-12 and IFN-gamma production of BMDCs stimulated with LPS, and inhibited the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. In conclusion, RAPA can inhibit the maturation of BMDCs stimulated with LPS in terms of the morphology, surface phenotype, cytokine production, and ability of BMDCs to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in vitro.

AlM: To explore the different ages of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants, take different treatment methods at different times.
METHODS:The 87 cases of 102 children were divided into three different age groups: the first group of 25d-3mo of age 21 cases 26 eyes; The second group >3mo-7mo 31 cases 36 eyes;The third group >7-24mo of age 35 cases 40 eyes. For the first group of infants, the implementation of the lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct massage + eye drops; for the second group of infants, carry lacrimal pressure washing treatment; for the third group of infants, the implementation of the nasolacrimal duct probing treatment.
RESULTS: The first group of children through the nasolacrimal duct sac massage + drops tobramycin eye drops treatment unobstructed 12, the cure rate was 46. 2%;The second group of children through pressurized irrigation treatment lacrimal patency by 33, the cure rate was 91. 7%; The third group of children through the nasolacrimal duct probing unobstructed 36 treatment, the cure rate was 90. 0%. The second and third group were better than the first group (χ2=15. 71, P<0. 01;χ2=15. 27, P<0. 01);the treatment effect of the second and third groups was no significant difference (χ2=0. 02, P>0. 05).
CONCLUSlON:lnfants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction should distinguish between ages, taking different treatments, in order to obtain a better therapeutic effect, and lacrimal pressure washing is the preferred way of treating infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Objective To understand the status of depression and quality of life in the patients with advanced gastric cancer , and to explore their relationship .Methods The depression self rating scale (SDS) and the Chinese Scale of World Health Organiza‐tion Quality of Life Scale‐Brief Form Questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF) were adopted to conduct the questionnaire investigation on 131 patients with advanced gastric cancer ,then the results were compared with those of the health population .Results Among 131 patients with advanced gastric cancer ,the prevalence rate of depression was 47 .33% ,and the average SDS score was 45 .99 ± 15 .47 ,which were higher than those of the health population .The scores of quality of life were 61 .61 ± 12 .66 for the physiologic health domain ,59 .54 ± 12 .49 for the mental health domain ,64 .95 ± 14 .16 for the social relation domain and 52 .93 ± 14 .07 for the surrounding environment domain .There was a significant correlation between the depression score with the four domains scores of life quality ,in which the correlation with the mental health domain was strongest (r= -0 .636 ,r2 =0 .405) .Conclusion High depression level and poor quality of life exist in the patients with advanced gastric cancer ,and there is a correlation between them , in which the correlation between depression with the mental health domain is strongest .

OBJECTIVEImpact of the presence of bacteria associated with a marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense CI01, on the growth and toxin production of the algae in batch culture was investigated.

METHODSPronounced changes in the activities of the algal culture were observed when the culture was treated with different doses of a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin.

RESULTSIn the presence of antibiotics at the initial concentration of 100 u/mL in culture medium, both algal growth and toxin yield increased markedly. When the concentration of antibiotics was increased to 500 u/mL, the microalgal growth was inhibited, but resumed in a few days to eventually reach the same level of growth and toxin production as at the lower dose of the antibiotics. When the antibiotics were present at a concentration of 1 000 u/mL, the algal growth was inhibited permanently.

CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that antibiotics can enhance algal growth and toxin production not only through their inhibition of the growth and hence competition for nutrients, but also through their effects on the physiology of the algae.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; Dinoflagellida ; microbiology ; pathogenicity ; Eutrophication ; Marine Toxins ; biosynthesis ; Penicillins ; pharmacology ; Saxitoxin ; Streptomycin ; pharmacology

Objective] To analyze the effect of enhanced immunization for school-age children in Hongkou District of Shanghai in immunology and epidemiology . [ Methods] One month after completing immunization, the blood antibody titers were measured by ELISA method , and compared with the those of non-enhanced immunization , for epidemiological survey were collected history of measles immunization and close contact with the measles . [ Results] It could not be thought that strengthening immunization im-proved antibody positivity rate , the protection rate , and geometric antibody average concentrations .There was not statistical difference in antibody levels between measles vaccination 2 times and 3 -4 times. [ Conclusion] In the regions where routine immunization rates reach a high level , strengthening immuni-zation done on large scale is a waste of vaccine resources , human resources and financial resources , and leak re-vaccination should be done as a cost-effective preventive measure .

OBJECTIVETo screen active components in Compound Danshen (CD) based on pregnane X receptor-cytochrome P450 3A4 (PXR-CYP3A4).

METHODSBy using PXR-CYP3A stable transfection human hepatoblastoma G2 (HepG2) cell lines engineering cell strain combined reporter genes technology, active components that induce or inhibit PXR-CYP3A4 paths in CD were screened, and confirmed at the level of enzymic activities. The experiment was divided into the positive control group (RIF 10 micro mol/L), the DMSO group (DMSO 0.1%), each dose of treatment groups (ginsenoside Rc, Rf, Rb2, Rg2, F2, F1, tanshinone I , isoborneol 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 micro mol/L; each with six duplicates). Cells medium was removed 36, 48, and 60 h after treatment. The activity of CYP3A4 was then determined in the supernant and the fold induction was calculated.

RESULTSCompared with the DMSO group, the fold induction increased when ginsenoside Rc, Rf, Rb2, Rg2, F2, F1, tanshinone I , and isoborneol 50 and 100 micro mol/L was respectively intervened for 36, 48, and 60 h (P <0.05). When cells were treated with isoborneol 200 micro mol/L for 48 and 60 h,the fold induction of ginsenoside Rb2, Rg2, and F1 was significantly higher than that of the RIF group (P <0.05). Enzymic activity results showed that ginsenoside Rc, Rf, Rb2, F2, and F1 could increase the enzyme activity of CYP3A4 at 48 h (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONGinsenoside Rc, Rf, Rb2, F2, F1, tanshinone I, and isoborneol in DC could induce CYP3A4 enzymes.

Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Genes, Reporter ; Ginsenosides ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Receptors, Steroid ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Transfection

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone cancer in children and adolescents. Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability of a tumor to grow is driven by a small subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although several methods have been explored to identify or enrich CSCs in osteosarcoma, these methods sometimes seem impractical, and chemotherapy enrichment for CSCs in osteosarcoma is rarely investigated. In the present study, we found that short exposure to chemotherapy could change the morphology of osteosarcoma cells and increase sarcosphere formation in vitro, as well as increase tumor formation in vivo. Furthermore, methotrexate (MTX)-resistant U2OS/MTX300 osteosarcoma cells were larger in size and grew much more tightly than parental U2OS cells. More importantly, U2OS/MTX300 cells possessed a higher potential to generate sarcospheres in serum-free conditions compared to parental U2OS cells. Also, U2OS/MTX300 cells exhibited the side population (SP) phenotype and expressed CSC surface markers CD117 and Stro-1. Notably, U2OS/MTX300 cells showed a substantially higher tumorigenicity in nude mice relative to U2OS cells. Therefore, we conclude that chemotherapy enrichment is a feasible and practical way to enrich osteosarcoma stem cells.
Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; metabolism ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Osteosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phenotype ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism

Objectives To use visualization method to analyze the relevant literature about prevention and treatment of obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with TCM; To understand research hot spots and development trends of this field. Methods Computers were used to retrieve prevention and treatment of T2DM with TCM in CNKI. CiteSpaceV was used to visualize the authors, research institutes and keywords, and discussed their research hot spots, research frontiers, major research groups and trends. KNS6.6 was used to quantitatively analyzed included literature distribution characteristics, core citations, etc., and conducted visual display. Results After screening, 130 articles were included, involving 257 researchers and 6 research institutes, among which, TONG Xiao-lin, DONG Liu, ZHOU Li-bo, etc. were the main researchers. Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences is the most important research institute, followed by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine and Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. The main research directions included the diagnosis and treatment of obesity T2DM, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, the mechanism of TCM intervention in inflammation. This study predicted exploration of the TCM pathogenesis of obesity T2DM and the construction of TCM clinical pathway may be the future research trends and hot spots. Conclusion Through visualization analysis, the main research directions in the field in recent 20 years, research hot spots, evolution veins and development trends can be understood quickly and intuitively, providing a basis for further research.

The purpose of the study was to observe the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) on the differentiation and maturation of rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. BMDCs from Wistar rats were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4in the presence or absence of RAPA (20 ng/mL), and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24h before cells and supernatants were collected. Surface phenotype of BMDCs was flow-cytometrically detected to determine the expression of maturation markers, MHC class Ⅱ and CD86. Supematants were analyzed for the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ cytokines by using ELISA.BMDCs were co-cultured with T cells from Lewis rats and mixed lymphocyte reaction was assessed by MTT method. The morphology of BMDCs stimulated with LPS remained immature after RAPA pretreatment. RAPA significantly decreased the CD86 expression, impaired the IL-12 and IFN-γproduction of BMDCs stimulated with LPS, and inhibited the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. In conclusion, RAPA can inhibit the maturation of BMDCs stimulated with LPS in terms of the morphology, surface phenotype, cytokine production, and ability of BMDCs to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in vitro.

Objective We want to explore the harm degree of human rhinovirus in infants in Beijing area. Methods From May 2008 to September 2009,240 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from the children and infants who were hospitalized and with lower respiratory tract infections. These specimens were screened for HRV by real-time reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and statistically analysised. Result In all of 240 hospitalized children, 208 cases were admission diagnosis of pneumonia, accounting for 86.67% (208/240), no deaths, the ratio of male and female patients was 1.93: 1, and the collected samples reached to a maximum number in February 2009. Real-time PCR used to detect human rhinovirus, positive samples number is 71, positive rate is 29. 58% (71/240) ,and the main symptoms and clinical diagnosis was pneumonia. Most cases were less than 2 years old, making up 81.69% (58/71), amony them, 13 months-18 months age and ≥ 24 months groups have the highest incidence rates, the incidence rate is 33.33%.Conclusion Human rhinovirus happened in spring and winter seasons, especially the infants who were under 2 years are the main infection groups, the important symptoms are lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis et al. Human rhinovirus is seasonal and contagious, spreads fast, so protective measures in hospitals should be prepared to avoid cross-infection.