Objective To analyze electromyographic (EMG) activities of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) before and after an exercise program.Methods 26 subjects with PFPS were randomly divided into the EMG biofeedback plus exercise group (group A) and exercise only group (group B) with 13 cases in each group. All patients in two groups were trained with family exercise program, but the patients of the group A used a EMG biofeedback while training. The relative activities of VMO and VL of all patients in two groups were assessed with the EMG apparatus for a continuous 6 hours period before and 8 weeks after training. At the same time the intensity of the knee pain was also assessed.Results There was no statistics difference in VMO/VL EMG ratio of the group B ( P>0.05), whereas the group A had significantly higher VMO/VL EMG ratio ( P<0.05).Conclusion The EMG biofeedback apparatus used in home exercise program of PFPS patients can improve the recruitment of VMO.

Objective To analyse the features of vertebral hemangioma and inaging diagnostic value of vertebral hemangioma.Methods There were 14 cases with hemangioma proved by clinic and pathology.X-ray plain was performed in all cases,of which 9 cases were performed by CT scan and,only 6 cases were taken MR,and 2 cases had both CT and MR scan.Results The tumors were located in thoracic spine in 10 cases,in lumbar spine in 3 cases and in cervical spine in 1 case.8 cases showed typically fence-like or nest-like;the verterea were irregularly destroyed in 5 cases,of which 2 cases were associated with vertebrea collapsing.According to the features in plain film and CT scan,there were 2 cases misdiagnosed,but 6 cases were all made a correct diagnosis on the base of MR before surgry.Conclusion Typical vertebral hemangima can be diagnosed correctely according to plain film or CT while MR plays an important role in atypical cases.

Objective To develop a PCR-ELISA assay for the rapid, specific and sensitive detec-tion of human seasonal influenza virus ( H1, H3 and B) by using molecular biological and immunological methods in combination.Methods The primers were designed according to the genes encoding the matrix protein ( M) , the H1 and H3 hemagglutinin ( HA) of influenza A virus and the nonstructural proteins ( B-NS) of influenza B virus and then were labeled with biotin.The PCR products were detected by ELISA by use of an internal catching probe labeled with DIG.Results The minimum copy numbers of genes encoding the M, H1, H3 and B-NS proteins detected by the established assay were 1.43?103 , 8.67?102 , 3.86?103 and 5.45?103 copies/μl, respectively, which indicated that the PCR-ELISA assay was about 10 times more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis in the detection of PCR products.No cross-reactions between the different subtypes of influenza virus or different species of virus were observed.Moreover, a total of 104 clin-ical specimens of influenza virus were examined by the PCR-ELISA assay, the results of which were consist-ent with those of the virus isolation method.Conclusion The newly developed PCR-ELISA assay was a highly sensitive and specific method for the rapid detection and subtyping of influenza virus, suggesting the possibility of using it in laboratory for the surveillance and detection of influenza virus.

Objective To explore the applications effect of evidence-based nursing in the health education for patients with mixed vaginal infections.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with mixed vaginal infection were divided into observation group(n=84) and control group(n=84).Based on the evidence-based nursing method,the observation group first raised questions,then sought evidence to determine the conclusion according to the literature search,and finally combined with clinical evidence to formulate a reasonable plan for health education and effectively implemented.The control group was given conventional nursing.The two groups were compared in terms of rate of disease-related awareness in return visit 1 month after discharge,behavior 2 months after discharge and disease relapse 6 months after discharge.Results The rate of disease-related awareness and behavior in the experiment group were better than those of the control group significantly(all P<0.05).The rate of disease relapse of the experiment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Application of evidence-based nursing method for patients with vaginal infections in health education can guide the nurses' health education target,improve the patients' cognitive and behavior and reduce the rate of disease relapse.

According to the designed specific primers of gene fragment based on the Salvia miltiorrhiza transcriptome data, a full-length cDNA sequence of SQS2 from S. miltiorrhiza f. alba was cloned by the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The SmSQS2 cDNA sequence was obtained, this sequence is named SmSQS2 and its GenBank registration number is KM244731. The full length of SmSQS2 cDNA was 1245 bp, encoding 414 amino acids including 5'UTR 115 bp and 3'UTR 237 bp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SmSQS2 had relative close relationship to the SQS2 of S. miltiorrhiza. The induction of E. coli [pET28-SQS2] in different temperature, induction time, IPTG concentrations and density of inducing host bacterium (A600) were performed, Shaking the culture at 30 degrees C until the A600 is approximately 0.6 and add IPTG to final concentration of 0.2 mmol x L(-1), and then the optimal expression of SmSQS2 recombinant protein were accumulated after the induction time of 20 h. The research provided important base for the study of sterol and terpene biosynthesis of SQS2 in S. miltiorrhiza f. alba.
Cloning, Molecular ; Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment

AIMTo study the characteristics of the interaction between insulin and liposome.

METHODSThe interaction between insulin and liposome was studied by fluorescence spectra and microcalorimetry methods. The sample of insulin liposome interaction after separation by supper-centrifugalization or gel filtration was determined by fluorescence and HPLC.

RESULTSThe results indicate that there was only little increase in fluorescence intensity and no blue shift of peak in fluorescence spectrum. Fluorescence quenching experiments with NaI and acrylamide as quenchers showed that the KSVs (the slope of Strm-Volmer equation) of insulin were more similar to that with added liposome, indicating low interaction between insulin with liposome. The microcalorimetric results indicate that the heat released during the mixture of liposome with insulin, was 1.98 kcal.mol-1, suggesting that the reaction belongs to weak reaction. The quantity of insulin in the insulin-liposome mixture sample after separation by ultracentrifuge or by Sephadex G-75 determined by HPLC, the combination percent was only 0.2%, indicating low interaction between insulin and liposome.

CONCLUSIONThe interaction between insulin and liposome was weak.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Honeysuckle flower is a traditional herbal medicine in China Through systemically sorting and studying literature of Chinese medicine, this article pointed out that leech used by the traditional Chinese medicine in ancient time has the features of twist vine, slight purple stem with clothing hair; opposite growing leaves, ovule shape with clothing hair on both side; two flowers growing from one pedicel, labiate corolla with 3.2 cm longth, flower grows from white color to yellow color, each branch axil grows only one pedicel, the involucre is ovoid shape, and the flower season is from mid-March to mid-May. Among all species of caprifoliaceae, only Lonicera japonica Thunb. meets these botanic features. Therefore, L. japonica Thunb. should be used as the orthodox species of herbal honeysuckle flower.
China ; Flowers ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; History, Ancient ; Lonicera ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; classification

OBJECTIVETo explore the potential effect of Guizhi plus Gegen Decoction (GGD) in improving learning and memory of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced neuroinflammatory mice and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSTotally 63 male ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control (n = 13), the model group (n = 13), the low dose GGD group (n = 10), the high dose GGD group (n = 14), and the positive control group (n = 13). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.33 mg/kg) to induce Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Mice in the high and the low dose GGD groups were administered with 12 g/kg or 6 g/kg by gastrogavage for 4 successive weeks. Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with minocycline (50 mg/kg) for 3 days. By the end of treatment LPS were injected 4 h before behavior test each day, and then behavior test was conducted in mice of each group. Effect of GGD on learning and memory of AD mice was observed by using open field test, novel object recognition task, and Morris water maze.

RESULTSOpen field test showed there was no statistical difference in the movement time and the movement distance among all groups (P > 0.05), suggesting that LPS and GGD had no effect on locomotor activities of mice. In novel object recognition test, AD mice spent significantly shorter time to explore novel object after they were induced by LPS (P < 0.05), while for AD mice in the low and high dose GGD groups, their capacities for exploration and memory were significantly improved (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01). Results of Morris water maze showed that AD mice exhibited increased escape latency (P < 0.05) and spent much less time in swimming across the original platform (both P < 0.05). However, AD mice in the low and high dose GGD groups had obvious shortened latency and increased time percentage for swimming (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGGD possessed certain improvement in learning and memory disorder of LPS induced AD mice.

Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Male ; Memory Disorders ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neuritis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Phytotherapy

Objective To investigate the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] and indicators of glucose metabolism in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .Method We retrospectively ana-lyzed the clinical records of 214 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus , including age , body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and laboratory test results such as serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fast-ing blood glucose , and fasting insulin .Results The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high in these pa-tients, with 47.2%of them having a serum 25(OH)D concentration lower than 10 ng/ml.Using 25(OH)D level less than 10 ng/ml as the cut-off point, the patients were divided into vitamin D severe deficiency (Vit-SD) group and vitamin D non-severe deficiency (Vit-NSD) group.Compared with the Vit-NSD group, the Vit-SD group had younger age [ (55.27 ±13.71) years vs.(60.76 ±12.32) years, P=0.001] and higher HbA1c level [ (9.00 ±2.01)% vs.(8.45 ±1.86)%, P=0.025].BMI [ (25.09 ±4.01) kg/m2 vs.(25.39 ± 3.53) kg/m2, P=0.523], fasting blood glucose [ (8.91 ±3.31) mmol/L vs.(8.16 ±3.02) mmol/L, P=0.063], fasting serum insulin [ (21.32 ±32.50) mIU/L vs.(21.92 ±26.95) mIU/L, P=0.873] and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (97.60 ±8.92 vs.7.53 ±9.39, P=0.954) in these two groups were with no statistically significant difference .The association analyses showed that HbA 1c was sig-nificantly negatively correlated with 25 ( OH ) D ( r =-0.190 , P=0.003 ) and not correlated with serum PTH, calcium, or phosphorus , after adjusting for age and creatinine .Multiple linear regression revealed that HbA1c had a significantly negative correlation with age (β=-0.220, P=0.000) and 25 (OH) D (β=-0.184 , P=0.000 ) .Conclusions There is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is even higher in relatively young patients .Serum 25 (OH) D may be negatively correlated with HbA1c in these patients independently from age , BMI, fasting serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index .

According to the designed specific primers of gene fragment based on the Salvia miltiorrhiza transcriptome data, with the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), this study cloned full-length cDNA sequence of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza bge.f.alba, this sequence is named as SmHDS and its GenBank registration number is KJ746807. SmHDS, 2 529 bp long, contains an ORF of 2 229 bp, encodes 742 amino acids, including 5' UTR 170 bp and 3' UTR 130 bp. Using bioinformatics software, having made a homology analysis of the obtained sequence, we can have a conclusion that SmHDS have a close genetic relationship with HDS of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Analysis result of prokaryotic expression revealed that in Escherichia coli, SmHDS expressed target proteins which in size are comparable with the protein predicted. Meanwhile, the 4 factors which can influence the protein expression were optimized, the 4 factors are inducing temperature, inducing time, IPTG concentrations and density of inducing host bacterium (A600). The optimal expression conditions of SmHDS were 30 degrees C until the A600 is 0.6, and add IPTG to a final concentration of 0.2 mmol x L(-1), and the induction time of 20 h. It provides theoretical basis for the further study of the function of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase in the biosynthesis of tanshinone compounds.
Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; biosynthesis ; Enzymes ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; enzymology ; genetics