To explore a new method for identification of Mongolian patent medicine (MPM) by PCR amplification of specific alleles. Eight kinds of MPM were used to study the identification of "Digeda" raw materials. The total DNA of Lomatogonium rotatum and Corydalis bungeana samples were extracted through modified CTAB method, psbA-trnH sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced directionally. Specific primer was designed. The DNA of 8 kinds of MPM also was extracted and purified by the commercial DNA purification kits. The rbcL and two pair of specific primers sequences were amplified. The specific amplified products were sequenced in forward directions. All specific sequences were aligned and were analyzed. The results indicated that L rotatum can be identified by specific primers from Digeda-4 Tang, Digeda-8 San, Digeda-4 San, and C. bungeana medicinal materials can be identified by specific primers from Li Dan Ba Wei San, Yi He Ha Ri-12 and A Ga Ri-35. PCR amplification of specific alleles can stably and accurately distinguish raw medicinal materials in MPM.
Alleles ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

Skin sensitization (allergic contact dermatitis, ACD), is a serious condition caused by small reactive molecules and is characterized by a delayed-type hypersensitivity .Animal tests were usually used in the evaluation of sensitizing potential of chemical substances in the past .However , there is an increasing interest from the public for reducing and ultimately replacing animal tests .The European Union (EU) has posed a ban on animal testing of cosmetic ingredients that includes skin sensitization since 2013.Therefore, alternative in vitro tests are the main tendency in chemical substances and cosmetic sensitizing potential research in the future .In this study, different kinds of in vitro test methods that were adopted by OECD or on research (LLNA, DPRA, KeratinoSens TM, h-CLAT) were reviewed through recent years literature , comprehensive introduction and evaluation were made to obtain reliable hazard and potency information on potential skin sensitizers .

This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on NAFLD in MSG-IR mice and to provide mechanism insights into its therapeutic effect. The MSG-IR mice with insulin resistance were treated with high dose (0.1 micromol.kg-1d-1) and low dose (0.025 micromol.kg-1d-1) of FGF21 once a day for 5 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, serum lipids, insulin and aminotransferases were measured. Hepatic steatosis was observed. The expression of key genes regulating energy metabolism were detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that after 5 weeks treatment, both doses of FGF21 reduced body weight (P<0.01), corrected dyslipidemia (P<0.01), reversed steatosis and restored the liver morphology in the MSG model mice and significantly ameliorated insulin resistance. Additionally, real-time PCR showed that FGF21 significantly reduced transcription levels of fat synthetic genes, decreased fat synthesis and promoted lipolysis and energy metabolism by up-regulating key genes of lipolysis, thereby liver fat accumulation was reduced and liver function was restored to normal levels. In conclusion, FGF21 significantly reduces body weight of the MSG-IR mice, ameliorates insulin resistance, reverses hepatic steatosis. These findings provide a theoretical support for clinical application of FGF21 as a novel therapeutics for treatment of NAFLD.
Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dyslipidemias ; metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Fatty Liver ; chemically induced ; complications ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipolysis ; drug effects ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; Sodium Glutamate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the induction and culture of adventitious root of Panax notoginseng.

METHODThree ways, induction from the explants of three-year-old P. notoginseng. The explants of regenerated shoots and calluses, were used to induce adventitious roots. The effects of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and naphthylacetic acid on adventitious root induction were investigated respectively. The effects of four modes of separating adventitious roots from the parent tissues on culture in vitro were compared.

RESULTAdventitious roots were successfully induced by three methods, of which the young flower bud callus was the best material for the induction of adventitious root. Indole-3-butyric acid possessed the strongest potency for induction. The liquid culture system was established by continuous culture of adventitious roots together with their parent tissues before separated.

CONCLUSIONThe acquisition and culture in vitro in liquid culture system of adventitious roots of P. notoginseng lay a foundation for the next investigation.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ; pharmacology ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Naphthaleneacetic Acids ; pharmacology ; Panax notoginseng ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

A first order system model is proposed for simulating the influence of stress stimulation on fracture strength during fracture healing. To validate the model, the diaphyses of bilateral tibiae in 70 New Zealand rabbits were osteotomized and fixed with rigid plates and stress-relaxation plates, respectively. Stress shielding rate and ultimate bending strength of the healing bone were measured at 2 to 48 weeks postoperatively. Ratios of stress stimulation and fracture strength of the healing bone to those of intact bone were taken as the system input and output. The assumed first order system model can approximate the experimental data on fracture strength from the input of stress stimulation over time, both for the rigid plate group and the stress-relaxation plate group, with different system parameters of time constant and gain. The fitting curve indicates that the effect of mechanical stimulus occurs mainly in late stages of healing. First order system can model the stress adaptation process of fracture healing. This approach presents a simple bio-mathematical model of the relationship between stress stimulation and fracture strength, and has the potential to optimize planning of functional exercises and conduct parametric studies.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Fracture Healing ; physiology ; Mathematics ; Models, Animal ; Models, Biological ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of TCM in preventing and treating post-visual pathway injury caused by radiotherapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSThirty-five patients of NPC were randomly divided into the RT group (n = 17) and the RT + TCM group (n = 18), they were all received RT, but the latter was treated additionally with Jingming recipe, a Chinese recipe. The latent period and amplitude of evoked potential (EP) were measured before and after ending of RT, using multi-focusing visual evoked potential inspector.

RESULTSThe latent time of EP, both upper and lower visual field, was prolonged significantly after RT in the RT group (P < 0.05), but not in the RT + TCM group (P > 0.05); the amplitude of EP of upper visual field lowered significantly (P < 0.05) in the RT group but insignificantly in the RT + TCM group (P > 0.05); as for the EP amplitude of lower visual field, it was unaltered in RT group after RT (P > 0.05), but increased in the RT + TCM group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese medicine Jingming recipe was effective in preventing and treating RT induced post-visual pathway injury.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Phytotherapy ; Radiation Injuries ; prevention & control ; Visual Pathways ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of refracture in patients suffering from osteoporosis-related fractures as well as effective interventions.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to January 2008, both out-patients and in-patients in our hospital who were over 50 years old and suffered from osteoporosis-related fractures were selected for this research. They were divided into fracture group and refracture group. The refracture rate was followed up for 2 years, during which 11 patients developed refracture, thus were included in the refracture group. Therefore, 273 patients, 225 first-fracture cases, aged (67.7+/-8.5) years, and 48 refracture cases, aged (72.7+/-9.5) years, were included in this study. General data including age and sex, fracture types, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores tested by dual-energy X-rays absorptiometry (DEXA), Charlson index, time-frame between two fractures as well as mobility skill assessment were collected and analyzed by single-factor and multivariate statistical methods.

RESULTSFemales accounted for 70.2% of the fracture group and 77.1% of the refracture group. The most common refracture type was vertebral fracture for the first time and femoral neck fracture for the second time during the follow-up. The second fracture happened 3.7 years after the first one on average. The refracture rate was 2.12% within one year, and 4.66% within two years. Risk factors for a second fracture in osteoporotic fracture patients included age (larger than 75 years, HR equal to 1.23, 95%CI 1.18-1.29; larger than 85 years, HR equal to 1.68, 95% CI 1.60-1.76), female sex (HR equal to 1.36, 95%CI 1.32-1.40), prior vertebral fractures (HR equal to 1.62, 95%CI 1.01-2.07), prior hip fractures (HR equal to 1.27, 95%CI 0.89-2.42), BMD T-score less than -3.5 (HR equal to 1.38, 95%CI 1.17-1.72) and weakened motor skills (HR equal to 1.27, 95%CI 1.09-1.40).

CONCLUSIONSThe risks of second fracture among patients with initial brittle fracture are substantial. There is adequate time between the first and second fractures for interventions to reduce the risks of refracture, especially for the old women with a vertebral or hip fracture. Medication, motor functional rehabilitation and fall-down prevention training are helpful.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Skills ; Multivariate Analysis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; etiology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of -689C/T polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARgamma2) promoter with myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODSThis is a case-control study, which included 194 subjects with MI and 693 subjects without MI in nondiabetic Han population in Wuhan. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the -689C-->T substitution.

RESULTSThe CC,CT, and TT genotype frequencies of -689C/T polymorphism were 88.1%,11.9%,and 0.0 in MI patients and 93.1%,6.6%,and 0.3% in controls, respectively (CC vs. CT+TT, P=0.025). The -689T allele was an independent risk factor for MI (OR=2.125, 95%CI: 1.206-3.744, P=0.009) after adjusting for age,sex,waist circumference,body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activities, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, level. The -689T allele carriers had significantly higher TC levels than noncarriers [(5.05+/-1.16) mmol/L vs. (4.78+/-1.05) mmol/L, P=0.004] in the total population.

CONCLUSIONThe PPARgamma2 promoter -689C/T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of MI.

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; genetics ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Risk Factors

Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Nasal Septum ; injuries ; surgery ; Periosteum ; transplantation

Adolescent ; Child ; External Fixators ; utilization ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Tibia ; injuries