OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-inflammatory active constituents of Mangifera indica L. seed kernel. METHODS: The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and ODS column chromatography.Their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses and physicochemical properties. The anti-inflammatory activities of selected isolated compounds were evaluated as inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell lines by Griess reaction. RESULTS: Eight compounds were obtained from n-butanol fraction oi Mangifera indica L. seed kernel, whose structures were elucidated as 4-O-ethylgallic acid (1), gallic acid (2), citric acid(3), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloylglucose(4),1,3, 6-tri-O-galloylglucose(5), hyperoside(6), quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside(7), and mangiferin(8). Compounds 1, 2 and 4-8 exhibited potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages, especially compounds 6 and 8 showed the best inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 16.5 and 19.5 μmol·L-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Compounds 1 and 3-8 were obtained from Mangifera indica L.seed kernel for the first time.Compounds 1, 2 and 4-8 are the anti-inflammatory active constituents oi Mangifera indica L.seed kernel.Compounds 6 and 8 are the most potent anti-inflammatory active constituents.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) on coronary vasodilation by analysis of coronary angiography (CAG).

METHODSA consecutive cohort of 300 patients who underwent CAG between January 2013 and July 2013 were recruited and randomly assigned to 2 groups before operation. Patients in the SBP group sublingually took SBP, while those in the control group sublingually took placebos. All patients repeatedly underwent CAG 5 min after administration. The vascular diameter was calculated by quantitative angiography analysis method. The diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery was measured in patients whose coronary arteries had no stenosis. The narrowest vascular diameter was measured in patients whose coronary arteries had stenosis. The heart rate, blood pressure, and the vascular diameter were compared between before and after administration in the two groups.

RESULTSIn the two groups, there was no significant difference in changes of heart rate, systolic pressure, or diastolic pressure between before and after administration (all P > 0.05). There were 64 patients with normal CAG in the two groups, 30 in the control group and 34 in the SBP group. CAG showed there were 236 patients with stenotic coronary artery, 110 in the control group and 126 in the SBP group. The vascular diameter was obviously larger in patients in the SBP group with normal or abnormal CAG after administration (all P < 0.01). It was also obviously larger than that of the control group after administration (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSBP could dilate both normal coronary artery and lesioned coronary arteries, but did not lead to fastened heart rate and decreased blood pressure.

Blood Pressure ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Tablets ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

Adolescent ; Anal Canal ; physiopathology ; Child ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Rectum ; physiopathology

Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Epithelioid Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Nephrectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist-M8046 on the behavior and the cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2( COX-2/PGE2) expression in spinal cord dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in chronic constrictive injury (CCI) rats.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, 36 rats in each group: Sham operation group (Sham), chronic constrictive group (CCI), M8046 treated group (M8046) and solvent controlled group (Sc). M8046 3 mg/(kg x d) intraperitoneal injection was given after operation in group M8046. Paw thennal withdrawal (PTWL) and paw mechanical withdrawal threshold (PMWT) of rats were measured on 2 pre-operative and 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 post-operative days. The spinal cord and L15 DRG of the operated side was removed at 3, 7, 14 days after surgery. The change of COX-2 and PGE2 expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining and ELISA separately.

RESULTSPTWL and PMWT in CCI group were significantly lower than those in Sham group on every post-operative day (P < 0.05). PTWL and PMWT in M8046 group were significantly higher than those in CCI group on 7, 10, 14 post-operative day (P < 0.05). In spinal dorsal horn, the level of COX-2 and PGE2 expression in CCI group was significantly higher than that in Sham group (P < 0.05). M8046 could significantly attenuate the activation of COX-2 and PGE2 induced by CCI (P < 0.05). The expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in DRG was similar to that in spinal dorsal horn.

CONCLUSIONThe effects of M8046 ameliorate the CCI-induced neuropathic pain may be related to attenuate the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in spinal cord and DRG.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuralgia ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism

Child ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo examine HIV prevalence and its associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) and provide the evidence for the intervention program among MSM.

METHODSA face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted among MSM recruited by snowball sampling method in Yuzhong, Jiulongpo and Shapingba district of Chongqing from July to September, 2007. Totally, 1044 MSM were recruited. Associated factors with HIV prevalence were analyzed using forward stepwise logistic regression that HIV status was the dependent variable and demographics, AIDS awareness, sexual behaviors and the status of the intervention were independent variables.

RESULTSA total of 1044 MSM were surveyed. The rate of AIDS awareness was 89.5% among MSM. The rate of unprotected anal sex during the past 6 months was 63.8%. The prevalence of HIV and syphilis was 8.5% (89/1044) and 12.5% (131/1044) respectively. The multivariate analysis identified that the older MSM (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.13 - 2.52), junior school education (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17 - 3.05), younger than 18 years old of the first sex (OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.20 - 8.02), more than 10 sexual partners (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.24 - 4.02), the history of having sex with women (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.64 - 3.51) and syphilis infection (OR = 4.52, 95% CI: 2.77 - 7.38) were independent risk factors associated with HIV infection.

CONCLUSIONThe rate of unprotected anal sex was high, so were the prevalence of HIV and syphilis among MSM. It should be urgent to conduct the intervention to stop AIDS rapid transmission among MSM.

China ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis ; epidemiology ; Unsafe Sex

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Infant ; Lactulose ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution and genetic pattern of heteroplasmy of mtDNA control region among Chinese Han population. METHODS: The human mtDNA control region was amplified into 6 amplicons overlapped partially each other. Then these amplicons were analyzed by DHPLC which we developed to detect low heteroplasmic signals. RESULTS: There were 51 heteroplasmic cases (34%) found from different tissues of 150 unrelated individuals of the Chinese Han population. mtDNA heteroplasmy shows non-uniform distribution in various tissues. The highest occurrence of heteroplasmy was in brain tissues (50/150) and myocardium (48/150), the lowest was in bone tissues (22/150). 36 sites of heteroplasmy were identified in our samples. Three sites of mtDNA heteroplasmy rarely co-existed in one individual. No sex differences were detected in the frequency of mtDNA heteroplasmy. No change in the mtDNA heteroplasmy profile was detected of blood samples from the same individuals within 2 years. Individuals older than 41 years showed a heteroplasmy frequency significantly higher than their younger counterparts. Members from the same maternal pedigree in a family can share the same sites of mtDNA heteroplasmy but may have different heteroplasmy contents at those sites. CONCLUSION DHPLC is a highly sensitive technique in detecting heteroplasmy. mtDNA heteroplasmy widely exists in the Chinese Han population. The results shown here could potentially have a guidable value in forensic individual identification and parentage testing.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian People/genetics* ; Base Sequence ; Blood Stains ; Child ; China/ethnology* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; DNA Mutational Analysis/methods* ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics* ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Hair/chemistry* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the method of avuncular index (AI) calculation. METHODS: Identity by decent coefficient, coancestry coefficient and AI law were employed in identification of uncle-niece relationship, when autosomal STR loci were detected to determine controversial uncle-niece relationship. RESULTS: The results of AI calculation were coincidental using identity by descent coefficien, coancestry coefficient and AI law. CONCLUSION The results are coincidental using three methods in the different situations. AI index is higher with participation of children's mother.
Algorithms ; Alleles ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics* ; Family ; Female ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Paternity ; Probability ; Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics*