Objective: To obtain the optimum cultivation period and best harvesting month of P. polyphylla var. chinensis by studying on change regularity of biomass accumulation rate and steroid saponins from P. polyphylla var. chinensis with the changes of its harvesting time and medicinal parts. Methods: A high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method was established to characterize content of six steroid saponins (Paris saponins I, II, VI, VII, V, and H) from P. polyphylla var. chinensis and its dynamic change regularity was detected; Drying rate was measured by oven-dry method to indicate biomass accumulation rate. Results: Drying rate increased with the planting ages and reached the highest level in the eighth year. There was a waving trend between drying rate and harvesting time and drying rate reached crest in January and June; The main steroid saponins of P. polyphylla var. chinensis were Paris saponin VII and Paris saponin H. The content of total saponins varied by `V' shaped with the increases of planting-year and reached the highest in the second and eighth year, and it changed by waving shape with the change of harvesting month and reached the crest in March and November; There was a distinct difference of total saponins among different parts of P. polyphylla var. chinensis: stems and leaves > rhizome-forepart > rhizome-middle-part ≈ rhizome-end-part. The distribution of paris saponins VII decreased obviously from stems to rhizome-end-part while paris saponins H increased gradually. Conclusion: There were remarkable correlations among steroid saponins accumulation amounts and planting ages, harvesting month, and medicinal parts. The optimum cultivation period is eight years and best harvesting month is in November; The quality of medicinal materials would decline if only rhizome-end-part to be used; Paris saponin VII maybe a relative factor for germination and growth of P. polyphylla var. chinensis; Stems of P. polyphylla var. chinensis can be an important resource to extract steroid saponins, which have a profound significance to broaden resources of medicinal plants and improve resources utilization efficiency.

Objective To investigate the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of surgical site infection ( SSI ) . Methods Randomized controlled clinical trial method was used in the study. Comparison was made in the rates of SSI between the experiment group using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and the control group. Results The rate of SSI in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group (0.83% vs.5.83%, χ2 =3.23,P =0.035).Differences of hospital stay, total cost, infection in other sites and mortality rate of SSI were not statistically significant between the two groups ( P>0 .05 ) . Conclusion Preoperative head disinfection by chlorhexidine gluconate has remarkable effect in prevention of cerebral surgical site infection.

OBJECTIVETo research the effect of total saponins of Yinfenglun on uterine.

METHODModels of uterine inflammation were established to observe the effect of total saponins of Yinfenglun. Uterine contractive effects were studied on rats in vitro and on rabbit in vivo. Weight of uterus and levels of estrogen and progestogen were determined.

RESULTTotal Saponins of Yinfenglun had the ameliorated tendency to metritis of model rats, and increased the contractive range and motorricity of uterine of rats in vitro and of rabbit in vivo. The effect to uterus in vivo maintained longer. Total saponins of Yinfenglun could increase the weight of uterus and have an increased tendency on the content of estrogen, but not the level of progestogen.

CONCLUSIONThere are obvious effects on uterine of total saponins of Yinfenglun, which are related to its clinical use.

Animals ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Inflammation ; pathology ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Mice ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Progestins ; blood ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Uterine Contraction ; drug effects ; Uterine Diseases ; pathology ; Uterus ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo research the hemostatic effect of total saponins of Yinfenglun.

METHODBleeding time and volume were deteminded in mice after tails being cut. Clotting times were researched on mice, rats and dogs. Hemostatic mechanism total saponins of Yinfenglun were studied on plasma recalcified time, PT, KPTT and ELT.

RESULTTSY at different doses could markedly shorten bleeding time, reduce bleeding volume in mice. TSY also could shorten clotting time of mouse, rat and dog. TSY could influence both intrinsic coagulatian system and extrinsic coagulatian system,and had no effect of antifibrinolysis.

CONCLUSIONThere were obvious hemostatic effect of total saponins of Yinfenglun.

Animals ; Bleeding Time ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hemostatics ; pharmacology ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Whole Blood Coagulation Time

Objective - To establish a new non exposed intratracheal instillation method for establishing a rat silicosis model. Methods ， The specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group with ten rats in ， each group. Rats in the control group were given 1.0 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and rats in the experimental group - were given 1.0 mL of silica suspension with a mass concentration of 50 g/L adopting to the one time intratracheal instillation ， - ， method and then followed by ventilator assisted ventilation immediately. When the tidal volume stabilized at 2.0 mL the ventilator was removed and the tracheal intubation was pulled out. Five rats in each group were sacrificed after two and four ， - Results weeks after modeling and hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining of lung tissue were performed. There was ， ， no death in the two groups of rats during the experiment. After two and four weeks the control group had normal lung structure ， ， ， normal alveolar cavity size no inflammatory cell infiltration thin alveolar wall only a small amount of collagen distribution ， around the lung interstitium and bronchus. At the second week of modeling the alveolar wall of the rats in the experimental ， ， ， group was slightly thickened interstitial lymphocytes and macrophages were infiltrated slight hyperplasia was found and a ， small amount of fibroblasts were visible. At the 4th week of modeling the alveolar wall of the rats in the experimental group was ， ， ， ， significantly thickened fibrous nodules were formed and fibroblasts fibrocytes collagen fibers were significantly increased. Conclusion - The combination of ventilator and non exposed intratracheal instillation method can be used to successfully ， ， . establish a rat silicosis model which is simple safe and effective

Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; enzymology ; genetics ; beta-Lactamases ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate and analyze the nutritional status of infants, preschool and primary school students, pregnant and lactating women in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area after 3 months.

METHODSIn August 2008, the nutritional and health status information of special population were collected and evaluated using the questionnaires, anthropometric and hemoglobin concentration measurements from four settlements of villages and towns in Mao and Mianzhu Country of Sichuan and Kang Country and Wudu District in Gansu provinces. A total of 236 infants aged below 36 months, 48 preschool children, 368 primary students, 32 pregnant women and 72 lactating women were investigated. Principal investigator indexes included the low body weight, growth retardation, anemia prevalence, two-week prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory disease, food intake and nutrition-related diseases, the percentage of patients morbidity of 36 months infants, preschool and primary school students; the prevalence of anemia, the prevalence of nutrition-related diseases of pregnant and lactating women.

RESULTSThe stunting prevalence was 14.6% (34/236) and the anemia prevalence was up to 40.1% (61/236) among infants younger than 36 months. Besides, the percentages of infants and young children suffered from the respiratory-infected disease and diarrhea within recent two weeks were 40.4% (95/236) and 30.2% (71/236) respectively. The percentage of low body weight of preschool children was 14.6% (7/48) and the growth retardation and anemia prevalence was 14.6% (7/48) and 39.6% (19/48), respectively. Among primary students, 6.3% (23/368) showed growth retardation and 12.2% (45/368) were anemia. The prevalence of anemia status of pregnant women and lactating mothers were 53.9% (17/32) and 24.4% (18/72) respectively. The main food composition of 45.8% (33/72) lactating women were grain and vegetables, 29 (40.3%), 32 (44.4%), 28 (38.9%) and 53 (73.6%) lactating women did not have animal originated (including meat, aquatic, livestock and poultry products) food, eggs, beans and their products, milk and dairy products, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSpecial population lived in disaster area have suffered different degree of malnutrition. The main dietary pattern was vegetable food. The consumption of meat, eggs, milk and milk products was relatively insufficient.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lactation ; Male ; Nutrition Disorders ; epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnancy ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To examine the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in obesity-related genes on the incidence and durative of obesity in childhood and adolescence.Methods Based on the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) Study,780 school children aged 6 to 16 years were followed-up in 2010,and assessed for body size parameters.Venipuncture blood samples were collected after a 12-hour overnight fast.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood white cells under the salt fractionation method.SNPs were genotyped by ABI 5700 real time PCR (FTO rs9939609) and TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assays with the GeneAmp 7900 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems,Foster City,CA,USA) (FTO rs6499640,FAIM2 rs7138803,NPC1 rs1805081,MC4R rs17782313,BDNF rs6265,GNPDA2 rs10938397).Both overweight and obesity were diagnosed by the Chinese age-and sex-specific body mass index (BMI)cutoffs.Two independent sample t-test,Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results During the 6 years follow-up period,the incidence of obesity in the total sample 8.5％,and 65.1％ individuals had persisted their obese status.The genotypes of the SNPs except BDNF rs6265 were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in each group (P＞0.05).The incidence rates of obesity increased with FTO rs9939609 TT,TA and AA genotypes (x2 for trend=8.030,P＜0.05).In the non-obese sub-cohort,after adjusted for sex,age at the initial time of follow up and residential area,when compared with children carrying FTO rs9939609 T-allele,a significantly relative risk of obesity was observed for children carrying the rs9939609 A-allele (OR=2.42,95％CI:1.31-4.47,P=0.005).In the obese sub-cohort,FTO rs9939609 A-allele was significantly associated with durative of obesity (OR=1.72,95％CI:1.07-2.77,P=0.026).However,no statistical significant associations were seen between other SNPs (FTO rs6499640,FAIM2 rs7138803,NPCI rs1805081,MC4R rs17782313,GNPDA2 rs10938397) and the incidence or durative of obesity (all P＞0.05).The genetic risk scorewas associated with the risk of occurrence of obesity (OR=16.42,95％ CI:3.59-75.10,P＜0.001)after adjusted for residential area,sex,age at the initial time of follow up and baseline BMI.Conclusion We confirmed the association of FTO rs9939609 with incidence and durative of obesityin children.Early intervention was recommended on the high risk individuals who carrying more riskalleles in obesity-related genes.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influences of different dosage ferrous sulfate supplements on bone marrow hemopoiesis in rats.

METHODSFemale weaning Wistar rats were fed with an iron deficient diet (< 10 mg/kg diet) until the level of hemoglobin of rats was lower than 100 g/L. Rats (n = 50) were randomly divided into five groups according to the levels of hemoglobin and body weight, iron deficiency control (ID), daily low iron diet supplement (LDs), daily high iron diet supplement (HDs), weekly low iron supplement (LWs), and weekly high iron supplement (HWs).

RESULTSAfter 12 weeks, bone marrow stainable iron was seldom in ID group, and ample in supplement groups. The proportions of iron staining of bone marrow smear in supplement groups were more than 30%. Bone marrow cells in all rats were hyperplastic or active hyperplastic.

CONCLUSIONSDaily high iron supplement or once weekly high iron supplement were safe to bone marrow hemopoiesis in rats.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ferrous Compounds ; pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of atopy on the expression of glucocorticoid receptors in children with bronchiolitis.

METHODSELISA was used to measure the changes in the serum levels of glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) and glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) in the bronchiolitis group (77 children, including 34 children with atopy) and pneumonia group (68 children). Thirty-eight children who were prepared to undergo surgeries for non-infectious diseases and had no atopy or family history of allergic diseases were enrolled as the control group.

RESULTSThe bronchiolitis group and the pneumonia group had significant increases in the serum levels of GRα and GRβ compared with the control group (P<0.01), and the bronchiolitis group had significant increases in these levels compared with the pneumonia group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group and the pneumonia group, the bronchiolitis group had a significant increase in the GRα/GRβ ratio (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the children with or without atopy in the bronchiolitis group had significant increases in the serum levels of GRα and GRβ (P<0.01). The non-atopic children in the bronchiolitis group had a significant increase in the serum level of GRβ compared with the atopic children (P<0.01). The atopic children in the bronchiolitis group had a significant increase in the GRα/GRβ ratio compared with the control group and non-atopic children in the bronchiolitis group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSChildren with bronchiolitis have increased serum levels of GRα and GRβ. The children with atopy have an increased GRα/GRβ ratio, suggesting that the atopic children with bronchiolitis are highly sensitive to glucocorticoids.

Bronchiolitis ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; blood ; Infant ; Male ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; blood