Aim To explore the material basis of anti-tumor effect of Compound Muji Granules. Methods The anti-tumor pharmacodynamics of Compound Muji Granules in vitro was studied by microfluidic chip technology. The fingerprint of Compound Muji Granules was established by HPLC. The "Spectrum-Material-Effect" of Compound Muji Granules was analyzed by grey correlation analysis,partial least squares regression analysis and network pharmacology approach. Results Seven batches of Compound Muji Granules with different extraction methods were successfully established. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between Compound Muji Granules and 7 of the 14 components with pharmacodynamic correlation coefficient >0.80. The contribution of anti liver tumor was peak number 48(luteolin)>6(gallic acid)>19(chlorogenic acid)>59(quercetin)>67(kaempferol)>65(naringin)>38(ellagic acid),in that order. Conclusions Through the establishment of "Spectrum-Material-Effect" research method,it is clear that the above seven active monomers may be the anti-tumor material basis of Compound Muji Granules.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as the most common liver disease with no approved therapeutic drug currently. Silymarin, an extract from the seeds of Silybum marianum, has been used for centuries for the treatment of various liver diseases. Although the hepatoprotective effect of silybin against NAFLD is widely accepted, the underlying mechanism and therapeutic target remain unclear. In this study, NAFLD mice caused by methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet were orally administrated with silybin to explore the possible mechanism and target. To clarify the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARα antagonist GW6471 was co-administrated with silybin to NAFLD mice. Since silybin was proven as a PPARα partial agonist, the combined effect of silybin with PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, was then evaluated in NAFLD mice. Serum and liver samples were collected to analyze the pharmacological efficacy and expression of PPARα and its targets. As expected, silybin significantly protected mice from MCD-induced NAFLD. Furthermore, silybin reduced lipid accumulation via activating PPARα, inducing the expression of liver cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt)-1a, Cpt-2, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and suppressing fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α. GW6471 abolished the effect of silybin on PPARα signal and hepatoprotective effect against NAFLD. Moreover, as a partial agonist for PPARα, silybin impaired the powerful lipid-lowering effect of fenofibrate when used together. Taken together, silybin protected mice against NAFLD via activating PPARα to diminish lipid accumulation and it is not suggested to simultaneously take silybin and classical PPARα agonists for NAFLD therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the tonic-clonic seizure (TCS) induced by intermittent photic stimulation (IPS)was generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS)or partial secondarily tonic-clonic seizure (PGTCS),and to analyze the relationship between them. METHODS: Video-electroencephalogram (VEEG)database of Peking University First Hospital from March 2010 to October 2018 were reviewed. Fifteen cases with idiopathic epilepsy who had TCS induced by IPS were included in this study, and their clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG)characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In this study, 4 of the 15 cases were boys and 11 were girls. The age of seizure onset ranged from 1 to 13 years. According to the medical records: 12 cases were considered as GTCS,while the remaining 3 cases were considered as PGTCS. The age at VEEG monitoring ranged from 2.5 to 16.0 years. All backgrounds of the VEEG were normal. Interictal discharges:generalized discharges in 11 cases, of which 4 cases coexisted with posterior discharges, 2 cases coexisted with Rolandic discharges, the other 5 cases merely had generalized discharges; merely focal discharges in two cases, one in the Rolandic area and the other in the posterior area; no interictal discharge in the remaining 2 cases. IPS induced photoparoxysmal response (PPR)results: 2 cases without PPR,the remaining 13 cases with PPR of generalized discharges, and 6 of the 13 cases coexisted with posterior discharges. IPS induced photoconvulsive response (PCR)results: GTCS in one case (contradictory to medical history),PGTCS in 11 cases (consistent with medical history),and GTCS and PGTCS hardly to distinguish in the remaining 3 cases. Of the three conditions above, there were generalized myoclonic seizures induced by IPS before TCS in 7 cases. CONCLUSION The medical history was unreliable in determining whether TCS was generalized or focal. Myoclonic seizures can coexist with PGTCS, and sometimes GTCS was indistinguishable from PGTCS, indicating that the dichotomy of seizure types need to be improved. Photosensitive TCS should be regarded as a continuum between focal and generalized seizures.
Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Generalized ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

To systemically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cinobufacini Injection in combination with platinum-contained first-line chemotherapy for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). The randomized controlled trials(RCT) about the Cinobufacini in combination with platinum-contained first-line chemotherapy(versus chemotherapy alone) were collected through PubMed,Cochrane library,CNKI,VIP,CBM,and Wan Fang Database from database inception to December 2018. Two researchers extracted data and assessed the literature quality separately,and made a Meta-analysis by using Rev Man 5. 3 software. Twenty-seven RCTs were included in the present review,involving 2 125 patients,1 082 in treatment group and 1 043 in control group. The Meta-analysis results showed that as compared with chemotherapy alone,the combination of Cinobufacini and platinum-contained first-line chemotherapy could enhance one year survival rate(RR = 1. 34,95%CI[1. 17,1. 55],P< 0. 01),two year survival rate(RR = 1. 84,95% CI[1. 31,2. 59],P<0. 01),objective tumor response rate(RR = 1. 47,95%CI[1. 33,1. 63],P<0. 01); improve the quality of life for patients(RR =1. 54,95%CI[1. 37,1. 72],P < 0. 01); and reduce the incidences of WBC toxicity(RR = 0. 63,95% CI[0. 49,0. 80],P < 0. 01),platelet toxicity(RR = 0. 54,95%CI[0. 35,0. 84],P<0. 01),gastrointestinal reactions(RR = 0. 60,95%CI[0. 45,0. 80],P<0. 05),pain(RR = 1. 68,95% CI[1. 38,2. 03],P< 0. 01),and hair loss reaction(RR = 0. 76,95% CI[0. 59,0. 98],P < 0. 05). The results showed that for the treatment of NSCLC,the addition of cinofacini to conventional platinum-contained chemotherapy can increase the long-term and short-term efficacy of chemotherapy,improve the quality of life for patients,and reduce the side effects of platinumbased chemotherapy drugs. However,more high quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to verify this conclusion in the future.
Amphibian Venoms/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Male ; Platinum/chemistry* ; Quality of Life

Adult ; Cladribine/therapeutic use* ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/drug therapy* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep (CSWS). METHODS: Twenty-one CSWS patients treated for epilepsy from January 2006 to December 2016 in Pediatric Department of Peking University First Hospital were enrolled into the study. Selected clinical variables including gender, age parameters, seizure frequencies and antiepileptic drugs were compared between (a). HFO-positive group and HFO-negative group before methylprednisolone treatment and (b). excellent seizure outcome group and not-excellent seizure outcome group after methylprednisolone treatment. Interictal HFOs and spikes in pre- and post-methylprednisolone scalp EEG were measured and analyzed. RESULTS: Before methylprednisolone treatment, there were 12 of 21 (57%) CSWS patients had HFOs, with a mean value 43.17 per 60 s per patient. The 12 patients with HFOs tended to have more frequent epileptic negative myoclonus/atonic/myoclonus/atypical absences than those without HFOs in a month before methylprednisolone treatment. A total of 518 HFOs and 22 592 spikes were found in the pre-methylprednisolone EEG data of 21 patients, and 441 HFOs (86%) were associated with spikes. The highest amplitudes of HFOs were significantly positively correlated with that of spikes (r=0.279, P<0.001). Rates reduced by methylprednisolone treatment were statistically significant for both HFOs (P=0.002) and spikes (P=0.006). The percentage of reduction was 91% (473/518) and 39% (8 905/22 592) for spikes and HFOs, respectively. The percentage of spike and HFOs changes was respectively 100% decrease and 47% decrease in the excellent seizure outcome group, and they were 79% decrease and 18% increase in the not-excellent seizure outcome group. CONCLUSION Prevalence of HFOs might reflect some aspect of epileptic activity. HFOs were more sensitive to methylprednisolone treatment than spikes and had a good correlation with the prognosis of seizures, and HFOs could be applied to assess epilepsy severity and antiepileptic therapy.
Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use* ; Child ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Epilepsy/physiopathology* ; Epilepsy, Absence ; Humans ; Methylprednisolone ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Sleep

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of edaravone in the treatment of traumatic cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 72 patients with traumatic cerebral infarction were randomly divided into the control group (n =36) and the treatment group (n =36).The control group received conventional treatments including intracranial pressure control,nerve nutrition and microcirculation regulation.The patients in treatment group were given intravenous infusion of edaravone 20 mL + 0.9％ NaC1 200 mL on the basis of the conventional treatment,bid,14 d.The changes of hemorheologic parameters were measured and compared between the two groups respectively.The total effective rate were evaluated according to the Glasgow scores,and the safety of clinical medication was evaluated.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 91.67％ (33/36 cases) while that of the control group was 72.22％ (26/36 cases),with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Mter treatment,high shear whole blood viscosity in the treatment group and the control group were (4.73 ± 0.56),(5.36 ± 0.78) mPa · s respectively,while low shear whole blood viscosity were (8.15 ± 1.03),(9.54 ± 1.26) mPa · s,plasma viscosity were (1.41 ± 0.15),(1.76 ± 0.19) mPa · s,red blood cell pressure were (37.15 ± 3.21) ％,(43.17 ± 4.03)％,fibrin deposition were (3.58 ± 0.45),(4.67 ±0.54)g· L-1,and the differences of all the parameters above between the two groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and control group were 5.56％ (1/36 cases) and 2.78％ (2/36 cases) respectively,while no statistical significance was observed (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Edaravone is able to improve hemorheology indexes in patients with traumatic brain injury complicated with cerebral infarction.The treatment effect is better than the routine nervous medical treatment,and edaravone has a positive effect on the clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury complicated with cerebral infarction.

Objective To evaluate the application of western blot in treponema pallidum antibody screening among blood donors.Methods Through standard blood liquidation of syphilis,the sensitivity and specificity of two kinds of TP -ELISA regents and one TPPA regent were evaluated.TP -WB was used to test 279 positive specimens with TP -ELISA,and the correlation between test results of the two methods and the distribution characteristics of WB bands were analyzed. Results The sensitivity of the two kinds of TP -ELISA reagent was 1 00.00%,while the specificity were 92.86% and 85.71 % respectively.At the same,the sensitivity of TPPA reagent was 88.46%,while the specificity was 1 00.00%.In 279 positive specimens with TP -ELISA method,WB confirmed positive was 21 6,positive rate was 77.42%;Including S /Co value >5 and two kinds of ELISA reagent testing both positive specimens were 205,the WB confirmation test positive rate was 1 00.00%,accounted for 99.91 % in 21 6 WB positive samples.Orderly Logistic regression analysis,the method of ELISA S /Co value >5 and double reagent is positive,had statistical correlation with test positive for WB,respectively(P <0.01 );21 6 TP -WB positive specimens WB banding distribution analysis,TP1 7 belt with syphilis antibody IgM,TP1 5 belts and IgG +IgMand IgG exist statistical correlation respectively(P <0.01 ).Conclusion ELISA method of double reagent positive and S /Co value >5 specimens of the basic can be diagnosed with syphilis,WB test with positive results for blood donation member state judgment has guiding significance.

To investigate the influence of Anxin granules combined with tirofiban on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Patients after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). One hundred and twenty AMI patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The patients in the two groups were all given Tirofiban 30mins before PCI . The treatment group was added Anxin granules 30 mins before and after PCI. Tissue factor (TF) and von willebrand factor (vWF) were tested at 6 hours after operation. Syndromatology alteration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and bleeding complications were observed at 4 weeks after operation. Both TF and vWF at 6 hours after operation of the treatment group was lower than the control group significantly (P < 0.01), while the condition of myocardial ischemia at 90 mins after operation of the treatment group was better than control group with significance. The syndromatology alteration of TCM especially spontaneous perspiration and hypodynamia of the treatment group were improved significantly compared to control group 4 weeks after operation. All patients in both groups had no bleeding complications and thrombopenia. The study suggests that Anxin granules combined with tirofiba can improve the clinical efficacy and the endothelial function of AMI patients after PCI with no increase in bleeding events.
Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; metabolism ; surgery ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Thromboplastin ; metabolism ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism