In recent years, much attention has been paid to arterial stiffness detection,but the relation between arterial stiffness and cerebrovascular disease has not been fully elucidated.This article reviews the detective methods of arterial stiffness and its relationship between the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke (including asymptomatic cerebral infarction) and cerebral hemorrhage.

Disinfectants ; analysis ; Disinfection ; Drinking Water ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods

Objective To study the early expression of ca]pain Ⅱ and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) mRNA in the hippocampus of the lateral fluid percussion injury rats. Methods 18 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The changes of Calpaln Ⅱ and MAP2 mRNA in hippocampus 3 h after injury were detected by real-time PCR. Results Compared to the control group (n = 6), the expression for Ca]pain Ⅱ mRNA increased obviously(P <0.01)in the lateral fluid percussion injury group(n=6) ,the expression for MAP2 mRNA degraded obviously(P <0.01). Compared with the lateral fluid percussion injury group(n =6) ,the expression for calpuin Ⅱ mRNA in the mild hypothermia group degraded obviously (n = 6), the expression for MAP2 mRNA increased obviously(P <0.01). Conclusion Mild hypothermia may act as neuroprotection by inhibiting the expression of Ca]pain Ⅱ and easing the degradation of cytoskeleton.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic parameters to stabilize cerebral blood flow within limits of cerebral autoregualtion. Methods We assessed the flow velocity of middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler and recorded invasively the blood pressure simultaneously. We then analyzed the curves of cerebral blood flow autoregulation (CBFA) and calculated upper limit of autoregulation (ULA) and lower limit of autoregulation (LLA). The values of critical closing pressue (CCP) and resistance area product (RAP) were calculated according to previous theory. The relationship between CCP, RAP and MABP were analyzed. Results In the process of increasing or decreasing blood pressure, ULA and LLA of normal rats were 148.12 ± 7.49 mmHg or 62.96 ± 3.34 mmHg, respectively. When mean artery blood pressue (MABP) changed within limits of cerebral autoregulation, the cerebral blood flow velocity changed little (increasing:0.65± 0.27 cm/s/10mmHg MABP, decreasing:0.43±0.23cm/s/10 mmHg MABP), while CCP and RAP changed significantly (in?creasing: 4.60 ± 1.06 mmHg/10mmHg MABP and 0.11 ± 0.04/10 mmHg MABP, decreasing: 6.74 ± 0.59 mmHg/10 mmHg MABP and 0.09 ± 0.02/10mmHg MABP). After fixing change of blood flow velocity, CCP and RAP were correlated with MABP more remarkablely, although all blood flow velocity, CCP and RAP were significantly correlated with MABP. Conclusion Within limits of cerebral autoregulation, stable cerebral blood flow is mainly achieved by the change of CCP and RAP against blood pressure changing on normal rats, especially the increasing or de?creasing of CCP.

Objective To screen the altered gene expression profile of hippocampus after traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats. Methods Rats(n=3)in experimental group underwent moderate fluid-percussion(F-P)brain injury and the hippoeampus sample in the injured hemisphere was removed and conserved in liquid nitrogen three hours later.The rats(n=5)of the control group underwent the same procedure except for injury.Mfymetrix rat genome 230 2.0 array was used to detect the gene expression profile of hippocampus in two groups and find the altered gene expression profile. Results A total of 159 genes in the experimental group changed significantly(≥2 folds)compared with the control group,of which 136 genes were up-regulated and 23 genes down-regulated. Conclusions The significant gene expression changes of hippocampus,especially a large mount of up-regulated genes,are detected after moderate TBI in rats,suggesting that the secondary injury following TBI is a procedure involving multiple factors.

Objective To set up a rat model with acute traumatic coma and identify the variation of microRNA in mesencephalon. Methods After rats were injured moderately by central fluid percussion system, tissues of the mesencephalon were removed one hour after injury. RNA of brain tissue of the mesencephalon was isolated for microRNA array by using the exiqon microarray system. The data were analyzed statistically by Genepix Pro 6.0 after hybridization results were scanned and fluorescence intensity standardized. Resets Hybridization results showed 33 microRNAs with up-regulated expressions but 38 microRNAs with down-regulated activity. Conclusion Expression of microRNA array shows marked changes in the tissues of the mesencephalon in rats with traumatic coma, as may be injury mechanism of traumatic coma and also a way of neurobiological protection of coma.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the measurement methods of carotidcerebral pulse wave velocity (ccPWV) and the traditional method of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).Methods A total of 136 healthy volunteers were divided into a youth group (20-39 years),a middleaged group (40-59 years),and an elderly group (more than 60 years) according to their ages.While detecting baPWV,transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to simultaneously monitor the ipsilateral common carotid artery and the terminal segment of internal carotid artery.The time differences of the beating points of their cardiac cycles and the distanceses of the skin surfaces between the 2 probes were measured and ccPWV was calculated.Results The systolic blood pressure,pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in the elderly group were signifificantly higher than those in the middle-aged group and the young group.The ccPWVs in the youth,middle-aged and elderly groups were 418 ± 52 cm/s,489 ±54 cm/s,and 599 ± 58 cm/s,respectively.The elderly group was significantly faster than the middle-aged group (t =7.308,P ＜0.001),and the middle-aged group was significantly faster than the youth group (t=6.758,P＜0.001).A Pearson correlation analysis showed that ccPWV was significantly positively associated with the age (r=0.847,P＜0.001) and baPWV (r =0.548,P ＜0.001).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that ccPWV was significantly positively associated with the age and diastolic blood pressure (partial correlation coefficients were 0.742 and 0.293respectively,P ＜0.001 and ＜0.010 respectively).Conchlusions ccPWV is a new measurement method for cerebrovascular stiffneas,and it has a good correlation with the traditional measurement method.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the principle of management of colorectal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN) based on colonoscopic biopsy.

METHODSPatients diagnosed as colorectal HGIN based on colonoscopic biopsy in the Changhai Hospital from January 2002 to December 2009 were enrolled in the study. The clinical data of all the patients were collected and analyzed. According to the subsequent operation, cases were divided into local complete resection group and radical operation group. The discrepancy between the biopsy diagnosis and postoperative diagnosis was investigated.

RESULTSOf the 203 biopsy-based colorectal HGIN lesions, 156 underwent radical resection, while 47 received local complete resection. Univariate analyses indicated that tumors located in colon(P=0.02), tumors with sessile growth (P=0.00) and large tumors (P=0.00) were more likely to be treated with radical resection. Postoperative diagnosis revealed that 163 cases(80.3%) were invasive cancers, while the other 40 cases(19.7%) were HGIN lesions. Of the 156 cases resected radically, 140 cases were invasive cancers, 16 cases were diagnosed as HGIN. Of the 47 cases who underwent local complete resection, 24 cases were confirmed as HGIN but the other 23 cases were invasive cancers, in which 15 cases received subsequent radical operation.

CONCLUSIONSA large proportion of biopsy-proven colorectal HGIN lesions are invasive cancers. Therefore, local resection should be performed to confirm diagnosis. For highly suspected malignant tumors which can not be removed completely by local resection, if anus can be reserved, a radical transabdominal surgery is recommended even without biopsy-proven malignancy in order to avoid treatment delay.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

MicroRNAs are negative regulators of mRNA, and latest studies show that "mRNAs can also inhibit microRNAs". With these reciprocal interactions, different mRNAs with identical "microRNA binding site" cim regulate each other by competitively binding to the same microRNA pool. This is the novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRN A)regulating mechanism. The ceRN A mechanism, which is a totally new regulating mechanism , greatly expands the regulatory network across genes. It has been proved by experimental evidence that, in HCT116 colon cancer cells,KRAS and PTEN , ZEB2 and PTEN can regulate each other by ceRNA mechanism.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; HCT116 Cells ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of norcantharidin (NCTD)-induced SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell apoptosis.

METHODSSMMC-7721 cell growth inhibition was measured by the MTT method. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the level of cytochrome c, caspase-3, AIF, Bcl-2 and Bax expression.

RESULTSNCTD inhibited SMMC-7721 cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The cells treated with NCTD showed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The activities of caspase-3, cytochrome c, AIF, and Bax were up-regulated after NCTD treatment at different doses. The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased after treatment with NCTD.

CONCLUSIONSNCTD could induce SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis. The activation of the mitochondrial pathway was involved in the process of NCTD-induced SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism