The study is aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on yield and quality of the Salvia miltiorrhiza. The plant growth regulators was spraying on Salvia plants in July or August in field experiment, then the yield, ingredient content and the antioxidant activity were determined. The results showed that plant growth regulator 'Zhuanggenling' could increase the yield of Salvia with root-planting by 38.45%. Plant growth regulator 'Duoxiaozuo' could increase the yield of Salvia with seedling planting by 14.19%. Both plant growth regulator significantly reduced the antioxidant activity of Salvia in vitro, but they had no significant effect on active ingredient contents.
Diterpenes, Abietane ; analysis ; Phenanthrenes ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development

Iridoid glycosides were the main active ingredient of Rehmannia glutinosa, of which catalpol has the highest content. This work will provide theoretical basis for metabolic study and cultivation of iridoids on the basis of the dynamic accumulation of catalpol and total iridoids in the growth of R. glutinosa. The samples of rehmannia 85-5 were gathered in the same filed from July to October. The contents of catalpol and total iridoid glycosides were measured by HPLC and specteophotometric, respectively. The results showed that youngest leaves had the higher content of catalpol and total iridoid glyosides than that of the other two leaf ages in the same growth stage from July to September, while their content of catalpol and total iridoid glycosides were all decreased as the growth of leaves of R. glutinosa. The content of catalpol didn't differ significantly from July to September, whereas it has significantly increased in October in the three leaf stage. In the same stage, the wider the root diameter is, the higher content of the effective components are. In August and September, the total iridoid glycosides have the fastest accumulation. The content of catalpol was increased as the accumulation of total iridoid glycosides.
Iridoid Glucosides ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Rehmannia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Seasons ; Water ; metabolism

Genome duplication in E. coli is carried out by DNA polymerase III, an enzyme complex consisting of ten subunits. Investigations of the biochemical and structural properties of DNA polymerase III require the expression and purification of subunits including α, ge, θ, γ, δ', δ, and β separately followed by in vitro reconstitution of the pol III core and clamp loader. Here we propose a new method for expressing and purifying DNA polymerase III components by utilizing a protein co-expression strategy. Our results show that the subunits of the pol III core and those of the clamp loader can be coexpressed and purified based on inherent interactions between the subunits. The resulting pol III core, clamp loader and sliding clamp can be reconstituted effectively to perform DNA polymerization. Our strategy considerably simplifies the expression and purification of DNA polymerase III and provides a feasible and convenient method for exploring other multi-subunit systems.
Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Polymerase III ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Bacterial ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Plasmids ; metabolism ; Polymerization ; Protein Engineering ; methods ; Protein Subunits ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the genetic diversity of wild Rehmannia glutinosa and evaluate and compare random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter sample sequence repeat (ISSR) for analysis of R. glutinosa accessions.

METHODTwo molecular markers, RAPD and ISSR were used for analyzing 55 wild R. glutinosa accessions.

RESULTAverage 16.00 and 19.08 bands were amplified by RAPD primers and ISSR primers respectively, and the percentage of polymorphic bands were 89.58% and 94.32% respectively; Fifty-five R. glutinosa accessions categorized into 7 clusters were identified by unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA) method.

CONCLUSIONA high level of genetic diversity of wild Rehmannia glutinosa was displayed at DNA level, and genetic diversity coefficient of R. glutinosa from different production areas was 0.63-0.98, and ISSR marker can detect higher genetic diversity of R. glutinosa germplasms than RAPD marker.

Genetic Variation ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; methods ; Rehmannia ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo establish a seed testing methods for Salvia miltiorrhiza.

METHODReferring to the International Seed Testing Rules made by ISTA and the Seed Testing for Crops (GB/T3543. 1-1995) issued by China.

RESULTThe seeds are selected by winnowing; the seed purity is about 50%-60%; 100 grain weight is used to determine the quality of the seed; the seed moisture content is determined by air drying, the drying hour is 3 h. Seed viability is tested by TFC method.

Chromosomes, Plant ; genetics ; Germination ; Quality Control ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Seeds ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo compare difference in character between wild germplasm and cultivar of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.

METHODField test and statistical analysis were applied.

RESULTThe results showed that the plant height and leave weight of individual plant in cultivar were decreased significantly comparing to wild germplasm, and the output was increased significantly. The leave length was reduced. The leave width, the catalpol content in leave and polysaccharides and reducing sugar content in cultivar was increased not significantly. Whereas the catalpol content and the water extract content in cultivar were equal to wild germplasm.

CONCLUSIONThe plant height and leave weight of individual plant of R. glutinosa was decreased significantly in cultivar, but the active compounds content not changed obviously.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Rehmannia ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the dominant seed-borne fungi of Glycyrrihiza seeds which were from different producing area and compare the disinfection effect of several fungicides on seed-borne fungi of Glycyrrihiza seed.

METHODPetri-dish testing was used to determine the external and internal seed-borne fungi and the disinfection effect of fungicides.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe result showed that the amount of spore on the surface of one Glycyrrihiza seed varied from 0.3% to 37.0% among samples. Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the two major dominant fungi and there was few differences in the type of the fungi among producing areas but differences in the isolation frequency of the furgi; Penicillium spp. , Rhizopus spp. , Aspergillus spp. and Alternaria spp. were the internally dominant seed-borne fungi, including seed capsule and the internal tissue of seed and their fungi-carrying percentage was 8.0%-48.3% and 3.5%-42.0% respectively. There were differences in fungi percentage and dominant seed borne fungi among different producing areas. The disinfection effect of both mancozeb and thriam was up to 89.0%, so it is suggested to use them to disinfect Glycyrrihiza seed.

Aspergillus ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Fungicides, Industrial ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; microbiology ; Maneb ; pharmacology ; Penicillium ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology ; Rhizopus ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Seeds ; microbiology ; Zineb ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo sift the main effective factors of active component of Forsythia suspense.

METHODThe active component of F. suspense was mensurated by HPLC, and the contents of nutrition in soil was determined by conventional methods. The active component of F. suspense and the nutrition of soil collected from different regions was analyzed by SPSS 11.0 for windows software package. Accounted the partial correlation coefficients of soil factor to the active component of F. suspense, and established regression equations.

RESULTSoil available phosphorus is the most important factor that effected forsythiaside content in the seeds of F. suspense, followed by kalium, pH, FACT; Forsythin in the seeds of F. suspense is mainly effected by soil abailable kalium and FACT; pH is the important factor effected Forsythinin in F. suspense, followed by soil available phosphorus, soil available kalium, and FACT; and the main effectivefactors of forsythiaside in F. suspense are soil available phosphorus, soil available kalium.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of nutrition in soil is one of important factors which affect the active component of F. suspense.

China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ecosystem ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; analysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Potassium ; analysis ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Soil

OBJECTIVETo study on diversity of quality of Forsythia suspense collected from different regions.

METHODThe hundred-seed weight of shucks was analyzed by the method of hundred grain mass. The thousand-seed weight of seeds was analyzed by the method of thousand grain mass. The contents of the active components in shucks and seeds were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe hundred-seed weight of shucks, the thousand-seed weight of seeds and the contents of the active components in the shucks and seeds from different regions were significantly different.

CONCLUSIONThe quality of F. suspense from different regions is not consistant.

Biomass ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ecosystem ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Fruit ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Rutin ; analysis ; Seeds ; chemistry ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiologic features of disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) in Hubei province.

METHODSBone marrow smears of 12 patients diagnosed as Kala-azer in Hubei province including 4 patients in Jingsan, 2 patients in Shashi and each 1 in Yichang, Jinmen, Zhongxiang, Luotian, Xianning and Guanghua respectively were re-examed under microscope. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears of several patients were detected. After inoculated the bone marrow, peripheral blood, liver and spleen tissue of patients in MLI, the single colony was trans-inoculated in BHIB, SDA and CMA and incubated at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Bone marrow, peripheral blood and bacterial fluid of yeast-phase Histoplasma capsulatum (H.cap) were injected into the abdominal cavity of Kunming mice and nude mice. When symptoms and signs developed, the spleen tissue was separated, then observed under microscope and cultured. Mycelium-phase and Yeast-phase H.cap were inoculated in urase and gelatin medium, then incubated at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Histoplasmin was injected subcutaneously into patients, and then followed for 48 - 72 hours. Amphotericin B was selected to treat the PDH patients.

RESULTSMoriform cell cluster and sausage-shaped cell were not observed in mononuclear-macrophages in the bone marrow smears from 12 patients. Leishman-Donovan body was found only in one patient. There wasn't kinetoplast in the cellular plasm of spores in 11 patients and no transeptae was found. The reaction of H.cap to urease was positive and H.cap did not liquefy the gelatin. It appeared to be mycelium-phase at 25 degrees C but no penicillus and catenulate conidia was found. The characteristic denticle macroconidia was observed but produced red coloring matter. It also appeared to be yeast-phase at 35 degrees C. Yeast-phase spores were observed under microscope. No sausage-shaped spore and transeptae were identified. H.cap could be acquired in the spleen tissue in Kunming mice and nude mice. Bacterium forms, characteristics under microscope and biochemical reaction of mycelium-phase and yeast-phase H.cap were different from some other kinds of dimorphic fungi such as Penicillium marneffei and Histoplasm duboisii etc.

CONCLUSIONThere were scattered epidemics of PDH in Hubei province. The detection rate of PDH was higher in the southeast area then in the northwest area. The golden standards of clinic diagnosis were mycological culture and inoculation to animals. Amphotericin B was necommended as the first choice for treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amphotericin B ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Histoplasma ; isolation & purification ; Histoplasmin ; immunology ; Histoplasmosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Skin Tests