Objective To preliminarily investigate the clinical features and efficacy of surgical treatment of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism. Methods From December 2002 to April 2013, 41 patients w ith moyamoya syndrome based on the disease of hyperthyroidism admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA w ere analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data w ere colected, including sex, age of onset, initial symptoms, progress symptoms, imaging features, Suzuki staging, and surgical efficacy, and they w ere compared w ith the clinical data of the patients w ith moyamoya disease treated at the same time. Results The ratio of male to female w as about 1∶4 in moyamoya syndrome patients w ith hyperthyroidism. The peak age of onset w as 25 to 34 years old. Compared w ith the patients w ith moyamoya disease at the same period, the proportion of patients w ith cerebral infarction as initial symptom w as higher in the moyamoya syndrome group ( 39.0% vs.24.2%; χ2 = 4.796, P =0.029), more patients had symptomatic progression (46.3% vs.25.4%; χ2 =9.207, P =0.002), and the proportion of of patients w ith cerebral hemorrhage as initial symptom w as low er ( 2.4% vs.14.6%; χ2 = 4.829, P =0.028). Thirty-seven patients w ho received encephalo -duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) w ere folow ed up for 43 ± 19 months. The results show ed that the clinical symptoms of 31 patients had different degrees of improvement. Conclusions Moyamoya syndrome of hyperthyroidism is more common in w omen. The risk of cerebral infarction is higher and more prone to have disease progression. The efficacy of EDAS is better for controling the progression of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism.

Ethyl glucuronide is a specific metabolite of ethanol. There have been plenty of articles referring its pharmacokinetics, detection and application as a specific bio-marker of alcohol intake. This article reviews various analytical methods of EtG, relationship between EtG quantification and ethanol intake, and criteria for determining chronic alcohol abuse, and origin of ethanol found in the cadavers by EtG analysis. EtG has its potential application in forensic toxicology.
Alcoholism/metabolism* ; Forensic Toxicology/methods* ; Glucuronates/urine* ; Hair/chemistry* ; Humans

To simplify the macrocyclic fragment and to modify the zinc binding group of the natural product apicidin, two series of S-hexyl (heptyl) ethanethioate derivatives were designed and synthesized. Twenty-six compounds were synthesized and confirmed with 1H NMR, IR, MS and HR-MS spectrum, which were not reported. Take vorinostat as control, their antiporliferative activities against cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HL-60, were tested with MTT assay or trypan blue staining method. Generally in both series it was found that, the chiral carbon atom at 7 position is not necessary, compounds II-1, II-3, II-6 and II-13 showed good activity on HL-60 cells in vitro, with the IC50 values less than 10 micromol x L(-1). II-7 and II-8 showed stronger activity against MCF-7 than Vorinostat, with the IC50 of 3.19 and 6.29 micromol x L(-1), respectively.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; HL-60 Cells ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; MCF-7 Cells ; Peptides, Cyclic ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of osthole on increasing the cytotoxicity of doxorubi -cin(DOX)to prostate cancer cells.METHODS:MTT assay was performed to evaluate the viability of LNCaP cells trea-ted with osthole and DOX.The protein expression of silent information regulator 1(SIRT1),p53,acetylated p53 and Pu-ma,as well as release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the LNCaP cells treated with osthole and DOX were determined by Western blot.The apoptosis of the LNCaP cells treated with osthole and DOX was analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Osthole significantly increased the cytotoxicity of DOX against p 53-wildtype prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.Osthole significantly inhibited the expression of SIRT 1 in the LNCaP cells.Transfection with SIRT1 plas-mid decreased the cytotoxicity of osthole and DOX co-treatment against LNCaP cells.Combination with osthole and DOX significantly induced the over-expression and acetylation of p53.Transfection with p53 siRNA significantly decreased the synergistic effect of osthole on cytotoxicity of DOX-treated LNCaP cells.Combination with osthole and DOX significantly in-duced the release of cytochrome C into the cytoplasm from mitochondria,followed by activation of caspase-9 and its down-stream molecule caspase-3,thus leading to cell apoptosis in the LNCaP cells.CONCLUSION:Osthole promotes the p53-dependent apoptosis in DOX-treated prostate cancer LNCaP cells by down-regulating the expression of SIRT1.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for determining ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in blood and urine by liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). METHODS: After blood and urine de-proteined by acetonitrile, the supernate obtained from a centrifuge was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: Determination limit of EtG in both blood and urine was 0.05 pg/mL, with a linear range of 0.10-5.00 microg/mL (r > 0.999). Accuracy in both matrixes was 95%-109%. Inter- and intra-day RSD were less than 12%. The method showed an excellent performance when it was used to analyze authentic blood and urine samples for EtG. CONCLUSION The method is capable for blood and urine EtG analysis.
Alcoholism/urine* ; Biomarkers/urine* ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Ethanol/metabolism* ; Forensic Toxicology/methods* ; Glucuronates/urine* ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Substance Abuse Detection/methods* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods*

Objective To explore influencing factors of peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)infection among premature infants and low birth weight infants,and to implement nursing intervention and reduce infection.Methods 128 subjects that underwent the PICC phlebitis,positive blood culture and positive catheter culture in our department were retrospectively reviewed.Results 12 cases had phlebitis:5 cases of the great saphenous vein,2 cases of the cephalic vein,4 cases of the median cubital vein and 1 case of the basilic vein,the difference was significant(x2 =11.351,P ＜ 0.01).1 case had 1-7 d catheter retention,of which neither positive blood culture nor positive catheter culture was observed.10 cases had 8-21 d catheter retention,and positive rate of blood culture and catheter culture was 17.14％,11.32％,respectively.1 case had 22-47 d catheter retention,and positive rate of blood culture and catheter culture was 20.75％,17.14％,respectively.Conclusions Phlebitis can be effectively prevented and decreased by establishing PICC group,producing standard operating card,improving puncture skills,selecting appropriate retention site and strengthening maintenance measures.

OBJECTIVETo determine the physiological role of D-bifunctional protein (DBP) in bile acid biosynthesis through investigating the effect of increasing activity of DBP on bile acid biosynthesis.

METHODSTwenty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, hepatic DBP activity, and fecal bile acids were assayed. The mRNA levels of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), DBP, and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with control group, serum triglyceride level was decreased significantly and PPARalphamRNA level was increased significantly in DEHP group (P < 0.01). Together with a sharp induction of DBP mRNA expression and DBP activity in DEHP group (P < 0.01), the levels of CYP7A1 mRNA and fecal bile acids were significantly increased by 1.9 times and 1.6 times respectively compared to control group (P < 0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between DBP mRNA level or DBP activity and CYP7A1 mRNA level (r = 0.89, P < 0.01; r = 0.95, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe up-regulation of DBP mRNA and activity in liver can result in the increase in CYP7A1 mRNA expression and bile acid biosynthesis, suggesting that DBP may be involved in bile acid biosynthesis together with CYP7A1.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts ; biosynthesis ; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase ; analysis ; Enoyl-CoA Hydratase ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Multienzyme Complexes ; metabolism ; PPAR alpha ; analysis ; Peroxisomal Multifunctional Protein-2 ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo prepare tuizhang gel to cure cataract, the characteristics of Tuizhang gel on the drug-releasing in vitro were evaluated by compared with Tuizhang oculentum.

METHODThe emodin and chrysophanol in the releasing mediator were determined by HPLC, and the drug releasing characteristics of Tuizhang gel and Tuizhang oculentum were studied by bag filter method.

RESULTThe emodin and chrysophanol in Tuizhang gel released (98.3, 1.1)%, (95.8, 1.8)% within 24 hours, respectively, while those in tuizhang oculentum released (10.62, 0.7)%, (10.46, 0.4)%, respectively. The emodin and chrysophanol in Tuizhang gel released more quickly and completely than in Tuizhang oculentum, so Tuizhang gel has enhanced the bioavailability.

CONCLUSIONThe Tuizhang gel is characterized by slow-release to some degree, and it shows a promising future on ophthalmic drug delivery.

Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Emodin ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; Ointments ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo identify antigens which may help evaluate the therapeutic effect of angiostrongyliasis from adult worm antigen of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

METHODSThe adult worm antigens of A. cantonensis were analyzed by Western blotting with the sera of rats infected with A. cantonensis before and after treatment. The sera of rats were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe antigens with relative molecular mass between 38,000 and 78,000 reacted not only with the sera of rats before treatment, but also with that after treatment. The antigens with M(r) between 190,000 and 17,000 reacted with the sera of rats before treatment but not with that after treatment; those with M(r) between 32,000 and 24,000 antigens strongly reacted with the former, but the reaction became much weakened with the latter. The AC32-IgG antibody appeared earlier than the AC-IgG, and disappeared rapidly after treatment. Six of the 10 treated rats became negative for AC-IgG as found by ELISA.

CONCLUSIONThe antigens of adult worm antigen of A. cantonensis with M(r) of 190,000, 32,000, 24,000, 17,000 and 16,000 may serve as candidate antigens for therapeutic effect evaluation of angiostrongyliasis.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth ; blood ; Antigens, Helminth ; blood ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Strongylida Infections ; diagnosis ; immunology ; parasitology