Objective To investigate the status quo and characteristics of medical students'job choosing view,to analyze the reasons and to propose countermeasures.Methods Questionnaires on job choosing view concerning job choosing cognition,ideals,method,motivation and values were conducted among 1700 medical students in Shandong University.Data entry and statistics were done by SPSS 17.0.Difference was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.Results Significant differences were showed in sex,whether being the only-child in the family,father's education and family's economic status(P＜0.05).Conclusions Medical students'job choosing views are characterized by professional,highly expected,diversified and utilitarian,which is caused by society,school and family.Therefore,much importance should be attached to improving educational environment,making educational objective clear and constructing educational content system.

OBJECTIVE: To upgrade the rational use of drug in China.METHOD: The importance of Chinese essential medicine policy in upgrading rational use of drug was analyzed by establishing the legal status of the current essential medicine policy.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS: The undesirable practice of the essential medicine policy was one of the key reasons for unsatisfactory situation of rational drug use in China.Only by legislating, law enforcing and publicizing can we upgrade the rational use of drugs

Objective To explore the effect of Wendan Decoction plus Saffron in the treatment of patients with endometriosis of uterus on serum matrix metalloproteninases-9(MMP-9).Methods 74 cases of endometriosis of uterus were selected and randomly divided into two groups, 37 cases in each group.The control group were treated with oral administration of Gestrinone Capsules, the research group were treated on the basis of the control group with Wendan Decoction plus Saffron treatment,two groups were treated for 24 weeks.The serum estradiol, MMP-9 and matrix metalloproteninases inhibitor-1(TIMP-1) were detected before and after treatment, the degree of pain and clinical efficacy were compared.Results Compared with before treatment, levels of estradiol(E2),progesterone(P) and luteotropic hormone(LH) decreased in two groups(P<0.01), the levels of MMP-9, MMP-9/TIMP-1 decreased(P<0.01), levels of TIMP-1 increased(P<0.01), levels of CA125 decreased(P <0.01), and the maximum diameter of pelvic mass line decreased(P<0.01), dysmenorrhea pelvic pain, dyspareunia and VAS score decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the control group, levels of E2, P and LH in the research group were lower(P<0.01), the levels of MMP-9, MMP-9/TIMP-1 were lower(P<0.01), levels of TIMP-1 were higher(P<0.01), levels of CA125 were lower(P<0.01), the maximum diameter of pelvic mass line were lower(P<0.01), dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain and VAS scores were lower(P<0.01), and the effective rate of research group was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion Wendan Decoction plus Saffron in the treatment of endometriosis of uterus was effective, and it can reduce endometriosis, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain degree, reduce pelvic mass, and may reduce the level of serum MMP-9 related.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impurity profile of raloxifene thus to lay a foundation for the establishment of drug quality standard. METHODS: HPLC-IT-TOF-MS was adopted to analyze destroyed raloxifene and reference substances of impurities. According to the mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns of known impurities, the structures of unknown impurities were speculated. RESULTS: Destroyed raloxifene totally produced three impurities, one of which was unknown. Based on the regular mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns of raloxifene and known impurities, the unknown impurity was speculated to be a sulfone that was generated through further oxidation of raloxifene. CONCLUSION: The methods and results of this study could lay a foundation for the impurity control during production and in vivo analysis of raloxifene.

Posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization is now densely studied in the non-fusion spine surgery. The method is characterized by the motion preservation of segmental lumbar, avoidance of the stress change after fusion surgery, and adjacent disc degeneration. Posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization systems have undergone fast development and are now used for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease. As an innovation of traditional fusion surgery, the clinical evaluation of its efficacy has become a focus of study among spine surgeons. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the clinical efficacy of posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization.

Adult ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; etiology ; Arteritis ; complications ; Coronary Artery Disease ; etiology ; Female ; Humans

Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; methods ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; complications ; therapy ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Male ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; abnormalities

Arterio-Arterial Fistula ; surgery ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Catheterization ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the expressions of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in the liver of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver failure and their clinical implications in the pathogenesis of liver failure.Methods The healthy controls (HC),patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and patients with HBV-related liver failure (HBV-LF) were enrolled in the study.Each group had 20 participants.The liver tissues from 11 CHB patients who were diagnosed by liver biopsy,6 patients with HBV-LF and 6 liver donors during liver transplantation were collected.Histological specimens were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining under microscope.The mRNA and protein expressions of adiponectin and AdipoR2 in the liver were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (SqRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining,respectively.The level of serum adiponectin was detected by enzymelinked immunsorbent assay.Serum biochemical parameters and HBV DNA levels were also measured.The pairwise comparison between groups was done by Student-Newman-Keuls and mann whitney U test.The relationship between two variables was analyzed using Spearman correlation.Results The level of serum adiponectin in HBV-LF group [(0.86 ± 0.15) ng/mL] was higher than those in HC [(0.59±0.15) ng/mL] and CHB groups [(0.62±0.13) ng/mL,Z=3.963,Z=3.774,both P＜0.01)],but showing no difference between CHB and HC groups (P＞0.05).The expressions of adiponectin and AdipoR2 mRNA in the liver were significantly higher in HBV-LF group (0.251 ±0.028 and 0.223 ± 0.021,respectively) than those in HC (0.091 ± 0.018 and 0.072 ± 0.020,respectively) and CHB (0.121±0.019 and 0.097±0.017,respectively) groups (q=18.428,17.069,19.807,18.673,respectively; all P＜0.01).Also,the expressions of adiponectin and AdipoR2 mRNA in CHB group were significantly higher than those in HC group (q=3.895,3.860,both P＜0.05).The expressions of adiponectin and AdipoR2 proteins in the liver were significantly higher in HBV-LF group (8.482±0.772 and 7.654±0.272,respectively) than those in HC (4.045± 0.815 and 2.804±0.623,respectively) and CHB (5.545±0.613 and 4.775±0.458,respectively) groups (q=15.327,11.542; Z=2.802,3.266; respectively; all P＜0.01).Also,the expressions of adiponectin,AdipoR2 proteins in CHB group were significantly higher than those in HC group (q=5.894,Z=3.266,both P＜0.01).In HBV-LF group,serum adiponectin levels as well as the expressions of adiponectin mRNA and protein in the liver were negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.815,-0.886,-0.943; P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),but positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase (r=0.701,0.886,0.943; P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The expression of AdipoR2 mRNA in the liver was negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.943,P＜0.01),but positively correlated with serum aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.829,P＜0.05).Conclusions The expressions of adiponectin and AdipoR2 are up-regulated during HBV infection,especially in patients with HBV-LF,which might reflect the degree of necroinflammation in the liver.

Humans ; Inflammation ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; chemistry