All previous literatures about Chinese herbal medicines show distinctive traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) flavors. Compendium of Materia Medica is an influential book in TCM history. The TCM flavor theory and flavor standardization principle in this book has important significance for modern TCM flavor standardization. Compendium of Materia Medica pays attention to the flavor theory, explain the relations between the flavor of medicine and its therapeutic effects by means of Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties. However,the book has not reflected and further developed the systemic theory, which originated in the Jin and Yuan dynasty. In Compendium of Materia Medica , flavor are standardized just by tasting medicines, instead of deducing flavors. Therefore, medicine tasting should be adopted as the major method to standardize the flavor of medicine.
Materia Medica ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Reference Standards ; Taste

Gout ; therapy ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

China ; Industry ; standards ; Occupational Health Services ; standards ; Reference Standards

Background Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a manifestation secondary to multiple fundus diseases and often leads to the decline of visual acuity.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a common diagnostic method for CME,but it can not reflect the metabolism information of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).Shortwave autofluorescence (SW-AF)may find the abnormality of macula,but its clinical value remains to be confirmed.Objective This study was to investigate the value of SW-AF in the diagnosis of CME.Methods One hundred and eighty-nine eyes of 140 patients who have the relative diseases to CME or received intraocular surgery were included from May 2010 to August 2011 in Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo city.SW-AF,infrared autofluorescence (IRAF),fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and OCT were performed in all the eyes under the informed consent of each patient.The sensitivity,specificity and other indicators in diagnostic test of SW-AF for CME were evaluated and compared with OCT.Results SW-AF had certain accuracy in diagnosis of CME with the sensitivity 78.29％,specificity 96.67％,Youden index 0.75,positive predictive value 98.06％,negative predictive value 67.44％.The area under curve (AUC) of SW-AF for the diagnosis of CME was 0.875 with the 95％ confidence interval (CI) 0.823-0.926 (P＜0.001).Compared with OCT,the differences of SW-AF and IR-AF in the diagnosis for CME was statistically significant(x2 =22.53,91.35,both at P＜0.001),and agreement coefficients of diagnosis result between SW-AF、IR-AF or FFA and OCT were 0.67,0.12 and 0.85.Conclusions SW-AF can be used as a new rapid,non-invasive,ancillary technique in diagnosis of CME with certain accuracy,and the diagnostic agreement of SW-AF with OCT is lower than FFA but is higher than IR-AF.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of detecting the mutation of IDH1 in glioma patients by high resolution melting(HRM) curve analysis.Methods The gene mutation of IDH1 was detected by HRM method in 9 surgical resection paraffin specimens of glioma,and the result was verified by gene sequencing.Results 6 cases of R132H(CGT ＞ CAT) mutation and 1 case of R132C(CGT ＞ TGT) mutation were found by HRM method.The resluts of direct gene sequencing were consistent with HRM method.Conclusion The HRM method in detecting IDH1 mutation is more efficient and convenient than direct sequencing.Moreover,it has advantages of low-cost and suitable for clinical test.

SW872 preadipocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate by oleic acid in vitro.The levels of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) mRNA were measured by semiquantitative RT- PCR.The concentration of adiponectin in the culture medium was assayed by ELISA.The results showed that rhIL- 6 could inhibit adiponectin,AdipoR1 mRNA expressions and adiponectin secretion in SW872 adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner,but did not influence adipoR2 mRNA expression.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Aorta, Thoracic ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Diseases ; congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Rare Diseases ; X-Rays

Objective To detect the strain features of regional wall abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease during each diastolic period, and its possibility to evaluate regional left ventricular cardiocyte viability and diastolic function.Methods 54 patients with anterior myocardial infarction (MI group) and 78 normal subjects (NOR group) underwent Doppler tissue imaging, which were performed in 2-chamber-view by strain curves synchronously.Results In the NOR group, strain value of 66 cases (84.62%) showed an gradually increasing negative value from the apex to base to middle of left ventricle, while in the MI group, there were 9 cases (16.67%) with such a trend. IR phase: in the NOR group, 564 segments (90.38%) were upward wave bands, but in the MI group, there were 123 segments (28.47%) having such waves ( P<0.05). RF phase: in the NOR group, 576 segments (92.31%) were upward and steep wave bands, but in the MI group, the number of upward waves were obviously less (102 segments,23.61%) ( P<0.01). SF period: compared with the NOR group, which was horizontal, the MI group had upward wave bands ( P<0.05).Conclusion Regional myocardial ischemia and infarction can cause significant regional diastolic wall abnormalities of strain value in active diastolic phase. Regional diastolic wall motion abnormalities can be evaluated quantitatively and synchronously with high sensitivity by strain curve which has the potential value in cardiocyte viability and diastolic function.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Xiezhuo Chubi Recipe (XCR) on hyperuricemic patients.

METHODS99 patients with hyperuricemia were randomly assigned to the XCR group, the Benzbromarone group, and the blank control group. Patients in the XCR group took XCR, one dosage daily, twice per day. Patients in the Benzbromarone group took Benzbromarone Tablet (50 mg each tablet, once per day). Patients in the blank control group were not treated with any drug, but only with clinical observation. Twenty days consisted of one course of treatment. The laboratory data including uric acid, blood routines, urine routines, the liver function, and the renal function were statistically analyzed before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe blood uric acid decreased in the three groups after treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 85.71% in the XCR group, 92.86% in the Benzbromarone group, and 23.33% in the blank control group. There was no statistical difference between the XCR group and the Benzbromarone group (P>0.0167). There was no significant difference in the safety indices such as blood routines, urine routines, liver functions, and renal functions of the XCR group between before and after treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONXCR could effectively reduce the uric acid level with higher safety.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Benzbromarone ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Uric Acid ; blood ; Young Adult

In this study, Professor Yan Zhenghua's recipes for treating heart diseases were collected to determine the frequency and association rules among drugs by such data mining methods as apriori algorithm and complex system entropy cluster and summarize Pro- fessor Yan Zhenghua's medication experience in treating heart diseases. The results indicated that frequently used drugs included Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, Ostreae Concha, Poria; frequently used drug combinations included "Ostreae Concha, Draconis Os", "Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen" , and "Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen". The drug combinations with the confidence of 1 included "Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum-->Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma", "Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus-->Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen", "Draconis Os-->Ostreae Concha", and "Salviae Miltiorrhizac Radix et Rhizoma, Draconis Os-->Ostreae Concha". The core drug combinations included" Chrysanthemi Flos-Gastrodiae Rhizoma-Tribuli Fructus", "Dipsaci Radix-Taxillus sutchuenensis-Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix", and "Margaritifera Concha-Polygoni Multiflori Caulis-Platycladi Semen-Draconis Os".
Drug Interactions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; therapeutic use ; Entropy ; Heart Diseases ; drug therapy ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans