The article reviews concisely around the history of hematopoietic stem cell research, basic and clinical, since its very beginning after the nuclear explosions at the end of the Second World War, that explains why the stem cell study in the world began with the hematopoietic stem cells and the existence of non-hematopoietic stem cell in vivo had been left out of account for many decades till 21st century. During 50-60s of the last century, it was known from the animal experiments that there must be hematopoietic stem cells existing in vivo and believed that the effective bone marrow transplant is actually the stem cell transplantation. It is reviewed how the basic studies of stem cell interacted with the clinical stem cell transplantation and how great the contribution was given to strongly push forward the development of contemporary stem cell biology and modern hematology from the basic studies especially in the immunological and molecular biological fields, for instance, the applications of HLA technology and monoclonal antibody produced, flow cytometry, and genetic recombinant cytokines, the novel technique for gene cloning, genomics, proteomics, and iRNA as well as bioinformatics. It has lead to the pluralistic cell therapy as a novel trend in stem cell transplantation as to combine immunotherapy and mesenchymal stem cells with the conventional stem cell transplants. This paper looks back in the past several decades, however, on every achievement of stem cell study that were usually accompanied with some idealistic one-sidedness or even errors in design and conclusion of some experiments. Usually it took a period of 2 or even 4 decades to clarify some basic idea, that seemed normal in the science development, for examples, the dividing line between the hematopoietic stem cell and progenitor cells, possibility to expand or clone the real stem cell ex vivo, and whether the majority of leukemias are originated from stem cell level, etc. Towards the end of 20th century, the greatest discovery was the existence of adult stem cells in adult tissues, which are no doubt the remnants from the embryonic development including all stages of embryonic stem cells, very earlier and later, hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic, and could be induced to differentiate into all kinds of tissue cells by proper ways in vitro. No evidence has really provided for the hypothesis of so called trans-differentiation or de-differentiation, which brought about strong calls in questions in the past 5 years. The problems in developing the clinical gene therapy by using hematopoietic stem cell as carrier of interested gene still remained to be solved so far. Because of the relatively weak base of related basic studies, the clinical application of gene therapy resulted in the failure of clinical practice with lots of lessons towards the end of last century. The whole history of stem cell study in the world was an endless process of continuous redress for theoretical ideas in stem cell biology that had never been consummate.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research ; history ; standards ; Research Design ; standards

Objective:The role of the medical instruments in clinical diagnosis and treatment is getting more and more important, especially the application of new technologies and equipment promote and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and the advantages bring the gospel to the patients. However, due to the limitations of technologies, tools, design and lack of materials, the medical instruments introduced to the hospital existing defects. Meanwhile, operation staff’s inadequate knowledge poses potential hazard to the health care’s quality. Methods: So now days when referring to the medical quality control, we should and must concern about the quality control of medical equipment to improve health care quality control standards. The essay comes forward preliminary method to carry out medical equipment quality control system established work with the dissecting of the present health care quality situation. Results:These jobs are the basic, whether to carry out the job and promote health care quality management depend on the practice of competent departments and professionals. But most hospitals are reusing and repurchasing and ignoring the medical equipment control quality, these situations need to be correct immediately. Conclusion:Otherwise, the development of medical technologies will increased the risk and damage to the improvement of health care, even the price of life.

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology

Adult ; Delirium ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Thiocarbamates ; poisoning

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Eucommia granule in treating low back pain from primary osteoporosis and the changes of biochemical indicators and bone density.Methods Thirty-six patients of low back pain were treated with Eucommia granule,and 32 cases with Alpha alcohol ossification.The changes of the pain(VAS score) at 1st,3rd,and 6th month,blood and urine biochemical indicators and bone density at 6th month were observed before and after treatment.Results After treatment,VAS score dropped(P

Objective To investigate impacts of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection on immune responses and clinical manifestations in acute infection of dengue virus type 1.Methods The serum levels of interferon (IFN)a,IFNβ,IFNγ,interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α of 310 dengue serotype 1 (DENV1)-infected patients were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),among which 8％ (25/310) were chronic HBV co-infection.Meanwhile,serum samples from 41 healthy adults and 47 chronic HBV infected subjects were recruited as controls.Comparisons among groups were done by one factor analysis of variance and correlation analysis of results was done by spearman rank correlation test.Results The serum level of IFN-α [(95.1 ± 279.3) pg/mL] was significantly higher than IFN-β[(2.8 ± 16.2) pg/mL] during acute dengue infection,while IFN-α level [(86.5±358.1) pg/mL] reduced in patients with HBV co-infection.The secretion kinetics of IFNα,IFNγ (pro-inflammatory cytokine) and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine)were analyzed.The medians of IFNα,IFNβ and IL-10 level were elevated to peak on day 2,day 3-4and day 6 after fever onset,respectively.Additionally,IFNα levels in patients with only dengue infection were negatively correlated with the platelet counts and serum alanine aminotransferase levels (r=-0.2327,0.2122,both P＜0.01).Conclusions Chronic HBV co-infection alters human immune responses elicited by acute dengue viral infection.Moreover,IFNα secretion may be associated with hemorrhagic tendency,while protective against inflammatory damage of liver.

To meet the requirements for the development of marine resources and military operations, divers usually dive deeper than the depth at which narcosis is present during air diving.Under this condition, heliox is required for this div-ing.Sofar, some countries have developed their own decompression tables for routine heliox diving.The best-known is tables from USA and France.In the preceding century, tables of Former Soviet Union and France used for routine heliox diving were introduced into China.On the basis of both types of tables,Chinese Navy developed their own tables for this purpose. In this paper, we summarized the characteristics of these tables from 5 countries and compared them in terms of structure, oxygen use, total decompression time, first stop and other features.This may provide a basis for future modification of ta-bles used in China and the development of new tables for routine heliox diving.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of plasma exchange(PE),PE combined with plasma bilirubin absorp-tion(PE+PBA),and PE combined with double plasma molecule absorption system(PE+DPMAS),to investigate the best treat-ment options for the patients of hepatitis B-associated subacute severe.Methods Totally 140 patients who had hepatitis B-associat-ed were randomly divided into a PE group,a PE+PBA group,and a PE+DPMAS group.The dinical symptoms and blood rontine, electrolytc and the main biochemical indexes were recorded both before and after treatment and compared among the three groups. Results The total effective rate was higher in the PE +DPMAS group than in the PE group and PE+PBA group,which were 70.8%,60.9%,67.4% respectively,but there was no significant difference(P >0.05).compared with before treatment,serum total bilirubin (TBIL),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartic acid amino shift enzyme (AST),valley aminoacyl transfer peptidase (GGT),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),globulin (GLB)and other biochemical indexes decreased significantly after treatment in 3 groups (P <0.001).PA was increased in the PE group and decreased in the PE+PBA and PE+DPMAS group after treatment,the differences were significant(P <0.05).After treatment,PT was shortened in the PE group,the differences were significant(P <0.05),but there were no significant difference between the PE+PBA and PE+DPMAS groups(P >0.05).Serum K+ and Cl- was obviously declined after treatment in the PE group,there was significant difference(P <0.001).Serum Na+ was obviously declined after treatment between the PE + PBA and PE + DPMAS groups (P < 0.001 ),but the difference was no significant in the PE groups.Serum Ca2+ was significantly decreased in the three groups of patients after treatment(P <0.001).WBC,Hb and PLT were significantly statistical difference after treatment(P <0.05).Conclusion The three groups also can improve liver function and the treatment rate for the patients of subacute hepatitis B-associated severe hepatitis.PE+PBA and PE+DPMAS groups can effective-ly reduce two thirds of the overall usage of the plasma.PE+DPMAS groups that the quantity of Cl- ,Ca2+ ,Hb decline much least in the three groups show larger value in the clinical application.

Objective To analyze the differences of immune responses against Mycobacterium tu-berculosis antigens induced in two different nonhuman primates and to provide rationales for the selection of suitable animal models for vaccine efficacy evaluation.Methods Expression of functional surface markers including CD69 and HLA-DR, the activation markers on CD4+and CD8+T cells from in rhesus macaques and cynomolgus monkeys were measured by flow cytometry analysis.PBMCs were isolated from rhesus ma-caques and cynomolgus monkeys with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and stimulated with PPD and pep-tide pools ( ESAT-6/CFP-10) .Enzyme-linked imunospot ( ELISPOT) assay was performed to detect IFN-γproducing lymphocytes.Results The CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from rhesus macaques without Myco-bacterium tuberculosis infection expressed higher levels of CD69 and HLA-DR than those from healthy cyno-molgus monkeys (P<0.01).The numbers of IFN-γspot forming cells/106 PBMCs in rhesus macaques with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection for 10 and 11 months were respectively 3 and 3.5 times higher than that of cynomolgus monkeys upon after the stimulation of PBMCs with PPD.The levels of IFN-γproduction by the cells from rhesus macaque group were also higher than those from cynomolgus monkey group upon after the stimulation of PBMCs with ESAT-6 or CFP-10 peptide pools.Conclusion More IFN-γproducing cells were induced in rhesus macaques than that in cynimolgus monkeys after stimulation with Mycobacterium tu-berculosis antigens.Therefore, the rhesus macaques might be a better animal model for evaluating immune responses induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccines.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of tuina plus traction for cervical distortion in teenagers.Methods:Tuina plus traction was applied to 40 teenagers with cervical distortion once every other day,and 10 days make up 1 treatment course.The therapeutic effect was evaluated after 2 courses.Result:Significant changes occurred after the treatment:15 cases got correction,20 cases got substantial improvement and 5 cases got certain improvement.Conclusion:Tuina plus traction works effectively for abnormal cervical physiological curve in teenagers.