OBJECTIVE: To upgrade the rational use of drug in China.METHOD: The importance of Chinese essential medicine policy in upgrading rational use of drug was analyzed by establishing the legal status of the current essential medicine policy.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS: The undesirable practice of the essential medicine policy was one of the key reasons for unsatisfactory situation of rational drug use in China.Only by legislating, law enforcing and publicizing can we upgrade the rational use of drugs

Arterio-Arterial Fistula ; surgery ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Catheterization ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; methods ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; complications ; therapy ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Male ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; abnormalities

A certain amount of potassium chloride is required to correct the hypokalemia occuring commonly during perioperation,but the overdosage may be harmful. To investigate the proper dose of KCl,40 adult rabbits were randomly and evenly assigned to be intravenously infused with normal saline(group Ⅰ),or saline containing 4,25 or 50 mmol/L KCI (group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ),at rate of 10 ml?kg~(-1)?h~(-1) during operation respectively. As compared with those before operation,the serum level of potassium decreased significantly in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, changed unsignificantly in group Ⅲ,and increased in group Ⅳ during and after operation;the potassium amounts in liver and skeletal muscles increased markedly after operation. S-T segment was depressed in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,T wave became peaked in group Ⅳ, and ECG remained normal in group Ⅲ. it is indicated that intravenous KCl infusion at concentration 25 mmol/L and rate of 10ml?kg~(-1)?h~(-1) may properly correct the hypokalemia during perioperation,and the occurance of perioperatine hypokelemia may be related to the uptake of liver and skeletal muscles

Ten mongrel dogs,divided randomly into a control group (A) and a cerebroplegia group (B) ,were supported by closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass,subjected to 2 hours of hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18 C. In group B, oxygenated asanguineous solution 50ml/kg was infused into the carotid artery at the onset of arrest. and 10 ml/kg was supplemented every 30 minutes during 2hours arrest. Nothing was infused in group A. Then all animals were rewarmed to 37 C and killed 6 hours later At five time points cerebral cortex was collected to study adnosine triphosphate (ATP),malondialde hyde (MDA) and ultrastructure. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded continuously. In group A, ATP content decreased gradually from the beginning of arrest to the end of the experiment (P

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual hepatectomy for laparoscopic precise liver resection of right liver tumor.Methods 31 cases of right liver tumor from June 2012 to October 2015 at Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into three dimensional reconstruction group (n =15) and control group (n =16),Operation time,bleeding volume during operation,postoperative complications and days of hospitalization after operation in two groups were observed.Results All operation was successfully performed with pure laparoscopic right liver tumor resection in three dimensional reconstruction group.In control group,1 case was completed by hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection,1 case was converted to open operation,the remaining 14 cases underwent total laparoscopic right liver tumor resection.Operation time in 3-dimensional reconstruction group was (141 ± 36)min vs.(207 ± 66)min in control group,bleeding volume was (274 ±88)ml vs.(418 ± 189)ml,hospitalization after operation was (9 ± 3)days vs.(13 ±6)days (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual hepatectomy can ensure the localization of parenchyma tumor during the laparoscopic precise liver resection,clarifing the relationship between tumor operation section and peritumoral vascular or biliary ducts,fulfilling the idea of precise liver resection.

Antimony ; adverse effects ; Dust ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of 95% alcohol extract in the fruits of Ailanthus altissima. Methods The compounds were prepared by repurification and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results Nine compounds were isolated and identified as ailanthone A [11?, 20-epoxy-1?, 2?, 12?-pentahydroxypicrasa-3, 13(21)-dien-16-one, Ⅰ], olean-9(11), 12-dien-3?-ol (Ⅱ), D-friedoolean-14-en-3-one (Ⅲ), ?-amyin (Ⅳ), cycloart-25-ene-3?,24?-diol (Ⅴ), hopane-3-one-22-ol (Ⅵ), n-tetratriacontane (Ⅶ), L-evonymitol (Ⅷ), D-mannitol (Ⅸ). Conclusion Among them Ⅱ- Ⅸ are isolated from the plants of Ailanthus Desf. nom. Conserv. for the first time.

Objective To study the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and proliferation of hepatic blood vessel and fibrosis in hepatitis B (HB) patients. Methods The total RNA of VEGF was extracted from human liver tissues, and VEGF mRNA probe was acquired by RT-PCR. It was then labeled on hepatic tissues of 160 patients with HB and 10 healthy individuals (control group). Immunohistochemistry of VEGF was performed at the same time. Results The results of hybridization in situ showed that VEGF mRNA was negative in the control group. While in the HB groups, VEGF mRNA was located in the hepatic sinusoids, Disse′s space and hepatocyte cytoplast around the dilated sinusoids. Immunohistochemistry showed that VEGF was expressed in three patterns: the cytoplasm, sinusoid membrane, and sinusoidal endothelium. The expression strength and distribution range of VEGF were closely related with the grading and staging of HB, hepatic vascular inflammation, destruction, obstruction, proliferation and fibrosis. There was remarkable difference between different liver pathological changes (P