Novel optical materials are crucial for environmental monitoring. Metal nanoclusters ( metal NCs) , typically consisting of several to tens of metal atoms, have attracted more and more attention for recent years. Due to their ultrasmall size, strong fluorescence, low toxicity, excellent stability and unique core-shell structure, metal NCs have been considered as promising optical materials for the construction of excellent fluorescent sensors. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress in their applications in environmental monitoring, including the detection of pH, heavy metal ions, inorganic anions and nitroaromatic explosives.

Objective To investigate the association between gene polymorphism of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1)and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in aged people of Henan Han nationality.Methods A case control method was used,including 408 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 418 age and gender matched healthy controls.Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to determine the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of PAI-1 844G/A.Results In patient group,the gene frequencies of AA,AG,GG were 18.1％,41.4％,40.4％,and the A and G allele frequencies were 38.8％ and 61.2％,respectively.In the control group,the gene frequencies of AA,AG,GG were 15.8％,47.4％,36.8％,and the A and G allele frequencies were 39.5％ and 60.5％.There were no significant differences in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles between the two groups (P＞0.05).The different genotypes of 844G/A of PAI-1 gene were not associated with hypertension,hyperglycemia,plasma homocysteic acid levels (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions PAI-1 gene-844G/A polymorphism may not be independent risk factor of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in aged people of Henan Han nationality.

In order to explore the causes and nursing care of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with ceryical vertebra frac-ture and paraplegia,the clinical data of 79 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Among which,31 patients suffered from gas-troesophngeal reflux. The main causes of gastroesephageal reflux were improper body position,gastrointestinal dysfunction,con-sciousness disorders,lnappropriate nasngastric feeding,drng adverse reaction,inappropriate feeding time,lack of knowledge in nurse aids and family members. It is suggested to take proper body position,assess gastrointestinal functions,implement naso-gastric feeding correctly,observe patient carefully to detect gastroesophageal reflux as early as possible,as well as provide health education for the nurse aids and family members to prevent gastroesophageal reflux and complications.

BACKGROUND: The depressive emotion and cognition impairment after cerebral stroke are closely connected with the evolution and curative effect and prognosis of the disease, so how to improve depressive emotion and cognition impairment with reasonable drug has important significance to enhance clinical rehabilitation for the patients.OBJECTIVE: To treat patients with post-stroke depression with fluoxetine hydrochloride, andevaluate the changes of their depressive emotion and cognitive function with self-rating depression scale (SDS) and P300 potential.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial based on patients. SETTING: Henan Provincial Psychiatric Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-two inpatients with the first-attack of poststroke depression, who were selected from the Department of Neurology,Henan Provincial Psychiatric Hospital between December 1999 and June 2003, were divided randomly into treatment group (n=41) and control group (n=41).METHODS: All the patients were given neurological routine treatment;besides, those in the treatment group were treated with fluoxetine hyhad taken other psychotropic drugs before entering the group, fluoxetine oxetine was 20 mg, which was taken orally by 1 tablet every morning. All the patients were evaluated with SDS and P300 potentials test at 1 week (the first evaluation) and 6 weeks (reevaluation) after treatment.latencies of N1, P2, N2 and P3 waves and amplitude of P3 wave in P300 potentials.RESULTS: All the patients in the treatment group (n=41) and control group fore treatment, the scores of SDS and the results of P300 potentials were not Reevaluation: After treatment, the score of SDS in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (40.32±7.2, 48.31±8.02,t=3.89, P ＜ 0.01); the latencies of N2 and P3 waves in P300 potentials test in the treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control group [(235.5±22.9), (248.3±23.4) ms; (339.1±25.3), (348.6±25.5) ms, P ＜ 0.05],and the amplitude of P3 wave was obviously higher than that in the controlgroup [(6.3±1.9), (4.9±2.0) μV, P ＜ 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Fluoxetine hydrochloride can improve the depressive status and cognitive function after cerebral stroke.Song JG, Zhang ZH, Wang XH, Mu JL.Effects of fluoxetine hydrochloride on depressive symptoms and P300 after cerebral stroke.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of serum S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels and their clinical significance in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP).Methods By means of enzyme-linked immunno-sorbent assay (ELISA),the serum S100B and GFAP levels from 33 DEACMP patients were assayed,and the condition changes were analyzed with three types of scale:the activity of daily living scale ( ADL),information-memory-concentration test (IMCT) and Hasegawa' s dementia scale(HDS).The comparison with 32 patients of acute carbon monoxide poisoning without DEACMP was also conducted.Results (1) The serum S100B( (0.60 ±0.21)ng/ml) and GFAP( (226.58 ±90.05 )ng/ml) in DEACMP group at acute stage were significantly higher than those in acute-CO-poisoning group ( (0.50 ± 0.20) ng/ml,( 183.04 ± 73.01 ) ng/ml) and those in DEACMP group at convalescent stage ( (0.51 ±0.16) ng/ml,(183.25 ±81.76)ng/ml) (all P values ＜0.05).(2)In DEACMP group,the serum S100B and GFAP at acute and convalescent stages were significantly correlated (at acute stage:r=0.466,P=0.006; at convalescent stage:r=0.365,P=0.037 ).(3)The S100B and GFAP in ineffective DEACMP patients at acute stage were significantly higher than those in the other groups ( all P values ＜ 0.05 ).(4) In DEACMP group,the ADL,HDS and IMCT scores( (45.21 ± 9.69),(8.26 ± 6.31 ),(9.91 ± 7.52) ) at acute stage were significantly different from those at convalescent stages( (33.67 ± 13.62),( 15.91 ± 10.83),( 19.06 ± 10.37 ) ) ( all P values ＜0.01 ).Conclusion There is secondary brain insult (SBI) in DEACMP; glial activation may play an important role.The S100B and GFAP levels may be associated with the prognosis of DEACMP.

Objective To investigate the value of MRI and~1H-MRS in diagnosis of early stage of diabetic encephalopathy by detecting regional metabolite in cynomolgus diabetes models. Methods Five pathogen-free male adolescent cynomolgus were made type 1 diabetes mellitus models (T1DM) by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (100 mg/kg), and the reliability and stability of the modes were assessed with long term follow-up of blood glucose and intravenous glucose tolerance tests. MRI and ~1H-MRS were performed to evaluate the volume, signal intensity and metabolic ratios of NAA/Cr, mI/Cr and Cho/Cr at hippocampus, lateral temporal lobe and occipital lobe 3 years after model establishment. Cortisol in serum was detected with immunoradiometric assay. In addition, 5 normal adult cynomolgus monkeys were selected in the control group and accepted the same examination above. Results ①Intravenous administration of STZ could made stable T1DM monkey model. ②Only mI/Cr ratio increased at hippocampus of diabetic monkeys compared to the control group (P<0.05). ③There was no statistical difference of cortisol in serum between the diabetic group and the control group (P＞0.05). Conclusion ~1H-MRS may detect the metabolic changes of the hippocampus in STZ-induced diabetic adolescent cynomolgus monkeys and may contributes to the early diagnosis of diabetic encephalopathy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Paris saponin I (PS I) on human gastric carcinoma cell growth and apoptosis and to explore the potential mechanisms. The proliferation of SGC7901 cells was monitored by the MTT cell viability assay, while the nuclear morphology of apoptotic cells was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle progression of propidium iodide (PI)-stained SGC7901 cells and the apoptotic rate of annexin V/PI-stained cells. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of several cell cycle proteins, including cyclin B1 and Cdk1, and the apoptosis-regulated proteins Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, procaspase-9, and procaspase-3. The MTT assay demonstrated that PS I could induce significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of SGC7901 cell proliferation. Marked morphological changes, including condensation of chromatin, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies were clearly shown on Hoechst 33258 staining. PSI treatment also resulted in the disruption of the cell cycle at G(2)/M and the induction of apoptosis. Following PSI treatment, the cell cycle-related proteins cyclin B1 and Cdk1 were down-regulated. Expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased, while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased. PSI treatment resulted in elevated cytoplasmic cytochrome c and activation of the apoptotic proteases caspase-9 and caspase-3. These data indicate that PS acts as an inhibitor of proli I feration in SGC7901 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. PSI is a potential therapeutic agent against human gastric carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To purify and identify HMGB1 secreted by liver cells HepG2 and immune cells U937. METHODS: We cultured the liver cell lines HepG2 and immune cell lines U937, and stimulated them with HMGB1 (400 ng/mL) for 20 h. Then the supernatant was collected. Ultrafiltration centrifugation, CM-Sepharose cation, DEAE-Sepharose anion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G75-gel filtration chromatography, and immunoprecipitation were used for purification. The molecular weight and identity of HMGB1 was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. RESULTS: A sharp stained protein band with a molecular weight of about 26 kD was obtained by SDS-PAGE analysis and shown to be HMGB1 confirmed by Western blot. CONCLUSION High purified HMGB1 can be separated from these two cell lines.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; methods ; HMGB1 Protein ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Humans ; Monocytes ; metabolism ; U937 Cells

Objective:To explore the influencing factors for serum concentration of oxcarbazepine active metabolite 10, 11-dihydro-10-hydroxyl carbazepine (MHD), and the effecacy of clinical pharmacists' intervention in administration scheme through serum concentration monitoring.Methods:A total of 96 patients with epilepsy who were treated with oxcarbazepine or oxcarbazepine combined with other drugs in our hospital from August 2017 to December 2021 were selected. Blood samples with monitored MHD concentration during treatment in our hospital in these patients were used as the research objects. Univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influence of gender, age, body weight, daily dose of oxcarbamide, liver and kidney functions and medication in serum MHD concentration. For patients with substandard serum MHD concentration or ineffective treatment, clinical pharmacists would intervene the medication regimen and lifestyle; the differences of compliance rate of serum MHD concentration and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the intervention group and non-intervention group.Results:A total of 190 blood samples were collected from these 96 patients. There was significant difference in serum MHD concentration among samples with different daily doses of oxcarbazepine, different creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), and different medications ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that daily dose of oxcarbazepine was positively correlated with serum MHD concentration ( r=0.655, P<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that daily dose of oxcarbazepine ( 95%CI: 0.009-0.014, P<0.001), Ccr ( 95%CI: -0.037-0.007, P=0.005), and combined use of oxcarbazepine with lamotrigine ( 95%CI: 0.526-8.790, P=0.027) or atorvastatin ( 95%CI: 0.213-5.168, P=0.033) were independent influencing factors for serum MHD concentration. For patients whose blood concentration was monitored for the first time, the serum MHD concentration in patients with somnolence and/or dizziness (10.9 [6.7, 14.0] μg/mL) was significantly higher than that in patients without somnolence and/or dizziness (7.5 [5.2, 9.4] μg/mL, P<0.05). The compliance rate of serum MHD in the intervention group (83/85[97.6%]) was statistically higher than that in the non-intervention group (95/105[90.5%]), and the incidence of adverse reactions (11/85[12.9%]) was statistically lower than that in the non-intervention group (28/105[26.7%], P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum MHD concentration is affected by daily dose of oxcarbamide, Ccr, and combined use of oxcarbazepine with lamotrigine or atorvastatin. Clinical pharmacists should be encouraged to participate in clinical drug treatment to achieve better effectiveness and safety of drug treatment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Paris saponin Ⅰ (PS Ⅰ ) on human gastric carcinoma cell growth and apoptosis and to explore the potential mechanisms.The proliferation of SGC7901 cells was monitored by the MTT cell viability assay,while the nuclear morphology of apoptotic cells was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining.Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle progression of propidium iodide (PI)-stained SGC7901 cells and the apoptotic rate of annexin V/PI-stained cells.Western blotting was used to examine the expression of several cell cycle proteins,including cyclin B1 and Cdkl,and the apoptosis-regulated proteins Bcl-2,Bax,cytochrome c,procaspase-9,and procaspase-3.The MTT assay demonstrated that PSⅠ could induce significant doseand time-dependent inhibition of SGC7901 cell proliferation.Marked morphological changes,including condensation of chromatin,nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies were clearly shown on Hoechst 33258 staining.PSⅠ treatment also resulted in the disruption of the cell cycle at G2/M and the induction of apoptosis.Following PSⅠ treatment,the cell cycle-related proteins cyclin B 1 and Cdk1 were downregulated.Expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased,while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2decreased.PSⅠ treatment resulted in elevated cytoplasmic cytochrome c and activation of the apoptotic proteases caspase-9 and caspase-3.These data indicate that PSⅠ acts as an inhibitor of proliferation in SGC7901 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.PSⅠ is a potential therapeutic agent against human gastric carcinoma.