Objective:To summarize the allergic mechanism caused by traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMI) to provide some references for perfecting Good Laboratory Practice(GLP) of TCMI.Method:The related iteratures in data bases at home and abroad were reviewed,and the present experimental research methods about allergies were referred to to have a view of future studies.Result:The allergic mechanism of TCMI was mostly antigen-antibody reaction, part of which was anaphylactoid reaction.The method of the evaluation of allergy caused by TCMI only was animal experiments, but there were still some allergies caused by TCMI after the evaluation with this method.The present experimental research methods indicated that the detection of mediators of inflammation and FCM(Flow Cytometry) could be used to evaluate the allergies caused by TCMI.Conclusion:More attention should be paid to allergies caused by TCMI for its complicated mechanism and frequent occurrences in clinic.It may be an effective way to evaluate the allergies caused by TCMI with several methods including in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To clarify the association of onset and maintenance of metabolic syndrome (MS) with energy metabolism imbalance,especially with dialysate glucose load in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods Using retrospective self-controlled study,the changes of MS,dialysate glucose load and dietary energy intake (DEI) in 126 PD patients in about 1 year were collected and analyzed to define the effect of energy intake on MS.Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured and physical activity level (PAL) was evaluated based on the activity records in PD patients with unchanged MS state and their impacts on MS were analyzed.Results The incidence of changing from non-MS to MS was higher in glucose load increasing group than that of glucose load unchanged or decreasing group.When glucose load increased,patients developing MS had significantly increased serum triglyceride (TG) level (P＜0.01) and significantly decreased serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (P＜0.05),while the waist circumference and blood glucose level did not alter significantly.In patients changing from MS to non-MS,their serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels significantly decreased during the follow-up (P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in DEI in patients changing from MS to non-MS.However,in patients changing from non-MS to MS,their DEI decreased during the follow up (P＜0.05).In a subgroup analysis in 36 PD patients who maintained their metabolic status and did not change their glucose load,there was no difference in REE per body surface per day between the MS group and the nonMS group (t=0.840,P＞0.05).However,the PAL was lower in the MS group than that of the nonMS group (t=2.358,P＜0.05).Conclusions The increase of dialysate glucose load may be an important factor leading to the onset of MS,by altering serum TG and HDL-C level.Inflammation and the sedentary life also contribute to the MS state.

Objective To investigate the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) in a Han population in Sichuan.Methods Polymerase chain reaction with sequencespecific primer (PCR-SSP) method was used for low-resolution and high-resolution typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles in 19 patients of Han nationality with PV and 25 healthy controls in Sichuan.Allele frequencies were calculated,and differences in the allele frequency between the above two groups were compared by using chisquare test.Results Totally,9 kinds of DRB 1 low-resolution alleles and 19 kinds of DRB 1 high-resolution alleles were identified in the PV patients and healthy controls.Frequencies of the DRB1* 14 allele (39.47％[15/38] vs.8.00％[4/50],x2 =17.43,P ＜ 0.05) and DRB1*1405 allele (15.79％[6/38] vs.2.00％[1/50],x2 =4.25,P ＜ 0.05) were significantly higher in the PV patients than in the healthy controls.Conclusion The HLA-DRB1*14 allele may be a common susceptibility gene for PV in the Han population in Sichuan,and the HLA-DRB1* 1405 allele may be most closely associated with PV.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; therapy ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

Objective To evaluate the effect of N- acetylcysteine(NAC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - sensitized neonatal rats with hypoxic- ischemic brain damage(HIBD) and possible mechanism except the antioxidant. Methods With the total number of 98 Wistar pups at postnatal day 8 of either sex was used in this study. There were 86 pups which were divided into three groups to evaluate the brain injury:vehicle group ( n = 29) ,low dose (25 mg/kg) ( n = 31 ) and high dose NAC (200 mg/kg) ( n - 26) treatment group. The pups were injected with LPS(0.1 mg/kg)intraperitoneally 3 days before hypoxic- ischemic(HI) insult. Multiple dose of NAC (25 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally before and after HI. Brain injury was evaluated 7 days after HI. For the Caspase - 3 activity and immunoblotting analysis, the samples were collected at 24 h after HI treated either with vehicle or high dose NAC ( n = 6 per group). Results The brain injury volume was significantly reduced by high dose NAC (200 mg/kg) treatment compared with that of vehicle (77% reduction, P ＜ 0.001 ). The tissue loss was reduced 67 % ( P ＜ 0.001 ) in high dose NAC treated group compared with that of vehicle. However,there was no significant reduction of brain injury in the low dose NAC treatment group compared with vehicle group. Caspase - 3 like activity measurement showed that the activity decreased 53 % after high dose NAC treatment ( P ＜ 0. 001 ) compared with that of vehicle treatment. The immunoblots showed that the active form of Caspase - 3, 17 kDa band, was abolished by the high dose NAC treatment. Conclusions NAC treatment attenuate LPS - sensitized neonatal HI brain injury is dose dependent. The neuroprotective effect involves Caspase - 3 inhibition.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the ligustrazine injection on rats models of experimental high intraocular pressure induced by retina ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Thirty two SD rats were divided into four groups randomly:the ligustrazine group,the model group,the normal group and the vitamine E group.The ischemia-reperfusion model is established by increasing intraocular pressure to 110mmHg in rat eyes.The ligustrazine group was treated with the ligustrazine injection,the vitamine E group with gastric gavage of vitamine E,and the model and normal groups with distilled water.The period of treatment was 7 days.The histopathologic changes were observed under the optical microscope and the electron microscope,meanwhile the SOD and MDA were measured.Results After ischemia for 60 min and reperfusion for 48 h,the cells in retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer were thinned under optical microscope,perinuclear karyopyknosis and apoptotic bodies appeared in retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer under electron microscope,SOD activity decreased and MDA level increased.After treatment,the morphology of retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer was improved obviously,SOD activity increased and MDA level decreased.It is suggested that ligustrazine injection exerts anti-ischemic and anti-hypoxic and cytomembrane stabilizing effects to a certain extent.Conclusion The ligustrazine injection is an effective traditional Chinese medicine in treating retinal ischemia.

Objective To estimate the difference of PS、CBV/CBF in the evaluation pf angiogenesis and growth behavior of the C6 glioma.Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups randomly.CT perfusion were performed at the time of 5,13,20 d after the rats were inoculated C6 glioma cells.Permeability surface(PS),cerebral blood volume(CBV),cerebral blood flow(CBF)of different part of the tumor(central part,peripheral part,adjacent part and contralateral normal parenchyma)were measured at different time.Results At the central parts of the lesions,there were obvious difference between different time of tumor growth among PS[(3.94?0.15),(8.47?0.34),(5.20?0.65)ml? 100g~(-1)?min~(-1)],CBF[(280.33?8.82),(388.33?14.00),(116.16?11.54)ml? 100g~(-1)?min~(-1)],CBV[(7.75?0.27),(12.73?0.98),(5.14?0.66)ml?100g~(-1)](F=4.421,P= 0.013;F=11.370,P=0.000;F=15.789,P=0.000).There were statistical difference of PS at the different time in both the peripheral and adjacent parts of the glioma.(F=13.567,P=0.000;F=12.470, P=0.000).No difference were detected in CBF or CBV at different time of the peripheral parts of the tumors(F=1.176,P=0.336;F=0.148,P=0.710).there were significant difference between different time of tumor growth among CBF[(175.33?12.95),(275.50?13.76),(246.33?12.81)ml? 100g~(-1)?min~(-1)],CBV[(4.15?0.47),(8.05?0.30),(7.54?0.89)ml?100g~(-1)]at the adjacent parts of the tumors(F=24.176,P=0.000;F=17.148,P=0.000;F=15.791,P=0.000). Coneluslon CBV,CBF can reflect the number and volume of the tumor vessels,while PS can directly reflect the function of the angiogenesis and the behavior of the glioma.

ObjectiveTo introduce a new technique to create a pulmonary valve biorifice for reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF),and to summarize its initial clinical experience and therapeutic effect.MethodsThe new technique regarding reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract with a pulmonary valve biorifice was used in a total of 53 TOF cases (the observation group).The conventional technique regarding reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract was used in other 50 TOF cases (the control group).The clinical dates of all cases were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsThe ages,weights,cardiopulmonary bypass time,cardiac arrest time,as well as the post operation ventilation support time were not different significantly between two groups.Compared with the contrul group,patients from the observation group had shorter duration of ICU stay.After operation,in the observation group,only 2 cases had large amount of pleural effusion,1 case meddle,and 8 cases little amount of pleural effusion; whereas,in the control group,the corresponding numbers were 1,5 and 17,respectively.At the time point of 1 week after operation,all patients were rechecked by echocardiography,no pulmonary valve stenosis was found.Moderate pulmonary valve regurgitation was found in 8 cases,mild regurgitation in 15 cases from the observation group; and severe regurgitation in 3 cases,moderate regurgitation in 17 cases,and mild regurgitation in 16 cases from the control group.A total of 33 cases from the observation group were rechecked at the time point of half year after operation,and moderate - mild pulmonary regurgitation were found in 3 cases.A total of 18 cases of them were rechecked 1 - year latter,no pulmonary regurgitation was found.ConclusionsThe new technique to create pulmonary valve biorifice can reduce the pulmonary valve regurgitation and postoperative pleural effusion,and improve the early outcomc.

Drug transport is an important source of inter-individual variations in drug responses and is also a common site where drug-drug interactions happen. In recent years, more and more novel identified transporters have been added into the transporter super family, and this trend will continue in the future. Among the transporter members of this family, ATP-dependent efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (MDR1) and organic anion transporters (OATP) are the most important proteins involved in drug transport. MDR1 is the most well known transporter. Widely distributed in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and so on, MDR1 plays an important role in drug absorption, distribution and excretion. Its functional genetic polymorphisms have significantly changed the pharmacokinetics of its substrate drugs, which has important clinical implications. OATP expressed in multiple tissues, and it mediated the drug excretion through the bile acid and kidney. Some genetic polymorphism of OATP genes is the cause of some abnormal drug responses.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 ; genetics ; Drug Interactions ; genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Organic Anion Transporters ; genetics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo explore the anti-tumor mechanism of the combination of cisplatin with DC vaccine in tumor-bearing mice.

METHODSB16 melanoma cells were treated with cisplatin at the final concentration of 20 µg/ml in vitro for 24 h. The expression of HMGB1, Hsp70 and TGF-β were detected by Western blot. B16 tumor-bearing mouse models were generated. The therapeutic effect of the combination of cisplatin (100 µg/mouse i.p., for sequential 3 days) and intratumoral injection of DC cells (3×10(6)/mouse, twice with a 7-day interval) in the tumor-bearing mouse models was evaluated. Expression of MHC II, ICAM-1 and CD86 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mice were sacrificed at 28 days after tumor cell inoculation. The tumors were removed and weighed, and tissue samples were taken for pathological examination. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated by discontinuous gradient centrifugation. The distribution of T-reg and CD8(+) T cells in the TIL was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the ratio of CD8(+) T/T-reg was determined. The activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) was determined by microcytotoxicity assay.

RESULTSCisplatin enhanced both the B16 cell apoptosis and HMGB1 expression. After loading with cisplatin-treated cell lysate, the expression of MHC II, ICAM-1 and CD86 on DC cells were (47.5 ± 8.8)%, (35.5 ± 8.3)% and (36.2 ± 9.2)%, respectively. At 28 days after tumor cell inoculation, the tumor weight of the control group was (2.1 ± 0.6) g, that of the cisplatin group was (0.3 ± 0.2) g and that of cisplatin + DC vaccine group was (0.5 ± 0.2) g, showing a significant inhibition of tumor growth (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the CD8(+) T/T-reg ratio and CTL activity in TIL were also significantly enhanced in the tumor-bearing mice treated with cisplatin + DC vaccine. When the effector-to-target ratio was 20:1, 10:1 and 5:1, the CTL activity in the cisplatin + DC vaccine treated mice was (25.0 ± 5.0)%, (22.0 ± 6.0)% and (14.0 ± 4.0)%, respectively, significantly higher than (8.2 ± 3.6)%, (6.7 ± 1.8)% and (3.6 ± 1.9)%, respectively, in the control group (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCisplatin promotes the anti-tumor effect of DC vaccine by down-regulating T-reg cells and enhancing the CTL activity in tumors.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; B7-2 Antigen ; metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Cancer Vaccines ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Genes, MHC Class II ; HMGB1 Protein ; metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Melanoma, Experimental ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; pathology ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects