Objective To explore the effect of self-made 10％ sodium chloride solution pad ice packs on the patients with local soft tissue injury in early time.Methods Totals of 62 cases with lower limb soft tissue injury were selected and randomly divided into experimental group ( n =32 ) that received the cold compress treatment by homemade 10％ sodium chloride solution pad ice packs,and control group( n =30) that received the cold compress treatment by water pad ice packs.Then,0,0.5,1.5,2 h later,the internal temperature,the temperature between the body surface and ice bag,hardness,the surface of contact surface size,and patients' satisfaction of two groups were observed.Results In the experimental group,the initial temperature of 10％sodium chloride solution pad ice packs was ( - 18.38 ±0.81 ) ℃,temperature between ice bag and body surface was 18℃ during cold compress,half an hour later,the temperature of inside ice bag was ( -9.73 ± 0.54)℃.After one hour in the room,the second cold compress,internal temperature was ( - 2.55 ± 1.66) ℃ and the temperature between ice bag and the surface was about 22 ℃,the end of ice internal temperature was (8.5 ±1.81 )℃.Hardness of first and secondary cold compress was small,the area size of skin contact with ice was about 72％.In the control goup,for the water cotton pad ice bags were so hardness that early thermometers were not inserted and temperature can not accurate measured.And the area of skin contact with ice was 29％.Significant differences were found in the contact area between two groups in different time (t =49.32,49.32,49.32,39.64,respectively; P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the pain degree of patients between two groups,while after 48 h cold compress,pain rating index and the swelling score of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group(x2 =0.017,P ＜0.05).Patients' satisfaction of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group ( x2 =4.4,P ＜ 0.05 ).Condusions Appling the selfmade 10％ sodium chloride solution pad ice packs,for the temperature between ice bag and the surface was higher than the skin freezing temperature( -5 ℃ ) and below the basal body temperature,which can reach the objective with no cause frostbite,it has large contact area,easy fixing and shaping,and good for patients with local soft tissue injury in early stage.

The skin ulceration syndrome of sea cucumber is a kind of desease induced by bacterium.In order to investigate the bacterium of infected sea cucumber and detect the N-acyl-homoserine lactones(AHLs) se-cretion of the bacterium,7 bacterial strains were isolated from the infected sea cucumber.These strains were identified by physiological-biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence.Results show that strain C6 belongs to Tenacibaculum,strain 4 belongs to Shewanella putrefaciens group,strain TB belongs to Vibrio,strain BP2,BP3,BP4 and BP6 belong to Pseudoalteromonas,respectively.AHLs were detected with strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYC55.Among these bacterial strains,strain C6,4,TB,BP3 and BP4 can se-cret AHLs,while strain BP2 and BP6 can’t.And the AHLs activity differs,from the highest to the lowest are 4,TB,BP4,BP3 and C6.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of clonorchiasis among residents of Huachuan Country,Heilongjiang Province and to provide a basis for development of control strategies.Methods From 2011 to 2012,cluster random sampling was performed to survey the incidence of clonorchiasis in Huachuan Country.Fecal specimens were collected and examined the clonorchis sinensis eggs by Kato-Katz method.A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect related information such as age,gender,occupation and eating habits.The infection characteristic was analyzed.Results Totally 884 patients with clonorchiasis were found among 2248 residents,and the infection rate was 39.32％.The infection rate in male[47.15％(611/1296)] was significantly higher than females [28.68％(273/952),x2 =34.55,P ＜ 0.01].The infection rate increased with age,which was higher in the 20-69 years old people,with the highest infection rate in the 50-59 years old groups[45.34％ (219/483)].Of the occupational distribution,farmers had the highest infection rate [47.24％ (420/889)],followed by cadres and staffs[38.38％(190/495)].Of residents with fresh fish eating history,the prevalence of clonorchiasis was 53.38％(150/281).Conclusions The prevalence of clonorchiasis is still high in Huachuan County.To reduce the prevalence of clonorchiasis,comprehensive prevention measures,health education and group chemotherapy should be carried out.

Background Allograft rejection is a main cause of failure of penetrating keratoplasty,especially in the patient with high risk of rejection condition.Previous study on allograft rejection mechanism focused on limbal and corneal neovascularization,but these factors did not explain all the phenomena of allograft rejection.Research found that immune cells appeared in iris and ciliary body when rejection occurred,but the relationship between these immune cells and allograft rejection is unclear Objective This study was to evaluate the relationship between diversity of vascular permeability in the iris and ciliary body and allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.Methods Seventy clean eight-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into allogeneic corneal transplantation group (60 mice) and blank control group (10 mice).Allogeneic corneal transplantation was performed with the same age of C57BL/6 mice as donor and BALB/c mice as the recipients.The grafts were examined under the slit lamp microscope and scored based on the criteria of Hegde.The mice were sacrificed and iris and ciliary tissue were obtained 5,10 days and rejection after surgery.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used respectively to detect the expression diversities of occludin,zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),major histocompatibility complex-Ⅱ (MHC-Ⅱ),and CCR5,CCR7 and their mRNA in iris and ciliary body.Image-J image analysis software was used to calculate the quantity of positive cells on iris wholemount,and absorbance of target genes (A values).The use and care of the experimental animals complied the ARVO Resolution on the Use of Animals in Research.Results The mean survival time of corneal gratts was (17±3) days after operation.The mean score was 0.6 in 5 days and 0.5 in 10 days,and 3.3 in 18 days after operation.Expression of ZO-1 reduced significantly,and that of MMP-9 increased obviously at the time of rejection.MHC Ⅱ + cells were scattered in iris and ciliary body in normal mice,and the number of the positive cells (cells/field) was increased after operation with a peak value when rejection occurred.A significant difference was seen between normal mice and rejection mice (1559.67±350.29 vs.4021.83±495.18) (P=0.000).The expressions of occludin mRNA and ZO-1 mRNA in the iris and ciliary body decreased obviously in the rejection mice.Compared with normal mice,theA value of ZO-1 and occluding were 36.74±3.13 vs.110.11±11.88 and 57.54±3.41 vs.59.90±3.50respectively,with significant differences between them (all P＜0.05).The expressions of MMP-9 mRNA,CCR5 mRNA and CCR7 mRNA in the iris and ciliary body increased gradually with the time lapse after operation and peaked when the rejection appeared.The A value of MMP-9 mRNA,CCR5 mRNA and CCR7 mRNA were significantly higher than those of normal mice (20.29±1.19 vs.2.77±0.85 for MMP-9 mRNA; 35.43±2.56 vs.9.11±0.29 for CCR5 mRNA,and 60.83±0.87 vs.0.89 ±0.95 for CCR7 mRNA) respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The permeability of vascules in the iris and ciliary body increase during the allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.Increased antigen presenting cells were also detected.

Objective To investigate the influences of psychological rehabilitation nursing on immune function in post stroke depression patients.Methods A total of 80 elderly patients with post stroke depression were recruited from the inpatients in geriatric neurology department at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.All patients were divided into two groups:the control group received only conventional and auxiliary exercise therapy for 3 months; rehabilitation group received psychological rehabilitation nursing added to the above therapy for 3 months.Barthel indexes,Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores and immune function were detected at recruit and three months after treatment.Results There were no statistically significant differences in clinical data between the rehabilitation group and control group (all P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in Barthel indexes,Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores and immune function between rehabilitation group and control group before treatment (all P＞ 0.05).Compared with control group,the rehabilitation group showed that the Barthel Indexes were increased (P=0.000),Hamilton Depression Sale (HAMD) scores were decreased (P=0.000),the levels of T lymphocyte subpopulation (P＜ 0.05) and immunoglobulin (P＜ 0.01) were increased after three months treatment.Conclusions The combination treatment of psychological rehabilitation nursing,auxiliary exercise and drug are helpful to recover immune function and improve the quality of life in patients with post stroke depression.

Background:To protect neurological tissues,underdosing occurs in most cases ofT4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with intracranial extension.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the effect of dosimetric inadequacy on local control and late neurological toxicities for patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus chemotherapy.Methods:We prospectively enrolled patients who had non-metastatic T4 NPC with intracranial extension treated between January 2009 and November 2013.The prescribed dose was 66.0-70.4 Gy to the primary planning target volume (primary gross tumor volume [GTVp;i.e.,the nasopharyngeal tumor] + 5.0 mm).Dose-volume histogram parameters were calculated,including minimum point dose (Dmin) and dose to 95％ of the target volume (D9s).All patients received chemotherapy with the cisplatin,5-fluorouracil,and docetaxel regimen.Survivals were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.Results:In total,41 patients were enrolled.The local partial response rate was 87.8％ after induction chemotherapy.With a median follow-up of 51 months,7 patients experienced failure in the nasopharynx;the 3-year local failure-free survival and overall survival rates of the 41 patients were 87.4％ and 90.2％,respectively.The actual mean Dmin to the GTVp was 55.2 Gy (range 48.3-67.3 Gy),and D9s was 61.6 Gy (range 52.6-69.0 Gy).All doses received by neurological organs remained well within their dose constraints.No patients developed temporal lobe necrosis or other neurological dysfunctions.Conclusions:With relative underdosed IMRT plus effective chemotherapy,the patients achieved satisfactory local control with few late toxicities of the central nervous system.Determining the acceptable extent of dosimetric inadequacy requires further exploration.

The combination of medicinal properties refers to expression forms of elements with active properties combined according to a specific sequence. The mode of medicinal property combination refers to the compatible relationship multiple medicinal property combinations. In this paper, based on the mode, safflower, Taohong Siwu decoction, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction and Buyang Huanwu decoction were taken for example to study the characteristics of the compatibility among single herb, herbal pairs and prescriptions. The authors discovered the similarities and differences among them, interpreted the self-similarity in medicinal property combinations of traditional Chinese medicines, and analyzed the compatible relationship among multiple medicinal property combinations, so as to bring forth new ideas in discovering the correlation between the compatibility study mode of traditional Chinese medicines based medicinal property combinations and the efficient compatibility of medicinal property combination.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To study the efficacy of late course accelerated fractionation(LCAF) radio- therapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).The end-po s were local control,radiation-in- duced complications,factors influencing survival.Methods From December 1995 to April 1998,178 NPC patients were admitted for radiation treatment.The radiation beam used was ~(60)Co?or 6 MV X-ray.For the first two-thirds of the treatment,two daily fractions of 1.2 Gy were given to the primary lesion ,with an interval of≥6 hours,5 days per week to a total dose of 48 Gy/40 fractions,over a period of 4 weeks.For the last one third of the treatment,i.e.beginning from the 5th week,an accelerated hyperfractionation schedule was carried out.The dose per fraction was increased to 1.5 Gy,2 fractions per day with an interval of≥6 hours,the total dose for this part of the protocol was 30 Gy/20 fractions over 2 weeks.Thus the total dose was 78 Gy in 60 fractions in 6 weeks.Results All patients completed the treatment.Acute mucosi- tis:none in 2 patients,Grade 1 in 43,Grade 2 in 78,Grade 3 in 52,and Grade 4 in 3 patients.Local control rate:the 5-year nasopharyngeal local control rate was 87.7%,and the cervical lymph node local control rate was 85.7%.The 5-year distant metastasis rate was 26.1%,and 5-year survivals was 67.9%. Sixteen patients had radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy.Conclusions With this treatment schedule, patient's tolerance is good,local control and 5 year survivals are better than control groups of conventional fractionation and hyperfractionation radiotherapy.Radiation-related late complication does not increase.Ran- domized clinical trials are being carried out to further confirm the efficacy of LCAF for nasopharyngeal carci- noma.

ObjectiveTo develop school refusal reason inventory (SRRI)for children and adolescents in China and assess its reliability and validity.MethodsThe primary SSRI was made based on clinical interviews and literatures.Pretest was carried out in a small sample from a clinic.Then the final SSRI was developed after qualitative analysis and item analysis.SRRI,the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED) and Child Depression Inventory(CDI) were administered to school refusers from 7 schools in Shenyang.All the schools were selected from Shenyang City and its countryside by cluster sampling.Some of the students were retested after one month.Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were carried out to examine the reliability and validity of SRRI based on all the data.Results Item analysis indicated correlation coefficients between all the items and the total marks were higher than 0.3,and they were significant.All the critical ratios of the items were higher than 0.3.The 43 items were divided into six factors ( educational modality,factor of teachers,relationship with classmates,separated anxiety,study attitude and study environment) by exploratory factor analysis.The factor loading values were 0.372 ～0.848.The cronbach's α of each factor was 0.827,0.831,0.759,0.623,0.821 and 0.808.Retest reliability was 0.644 (P ＜ 0.01 ).Its correlation coefficient with SCARED was 0.452 and 0.548 with CDI.ConclusionAccording to Chinese cultural back ground,the SSRI corresponds with psychometric indexes.There are good reliability and validity.It is helpful to understand the reasons of school refusal behavior in children and adolescents.

Objective To investigate the liver injury and pathological changes of rat and patients with Clonorchis sinensis(C, sinensis) infection, and to clarify the role of apoptosis in the injury induced by C. sinensis.Methods Wistar rats were divided into two group: 60 in infection group and 20 in control. The rats in infection group were infected with C. sinensis via oral feeding encysted cercaria;rats in control group were fed with normal saline. The rats were sacrificed 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after infection, respectively. Liver tissue specimens of the patients infected with C. sinensis were collected. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by light microscopy and the apoptofic rate of hepatocyte was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Results Parasites and eggs could he seen around the bile duct, and the duct was associated with mucosa and adenoma papillary hyperplasia, wall thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, a small amount of fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and periportal liver cells surrounded by a number of nuclear condensation, all these changes meant morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Apoptotic rates of liver cells in infection group 4, 6,8 and 12 weeks after infection were (7.15 ± 1.50)%,(11.61 ± 3.09)%,(13.21 ± 3.47)% and (11.26 ± 4.06)%,respectively, which was significantly higher than that in control group [(2.57 ± 0.72)%, (3.17 + 0.77)%, (3.67 ±0.96)% and (2.84 ± 0.87)%, t values were 4.45, 5.49, 5.95 and 4.74, respectively, all P < 0.01]. Conclusions These findings indicate that C, sinensis can stimulate both hepatoeytic apoptosis and degeneration which may he related to clinical manifestations and liver lesions in patients with clonorchiasis.