OBJECTIVE:To investigate the problems commonly occurred in outpatient prescriptions and to evaluate pharmacists’ role in the checking and intervention of prescriptions.METHODS:Questionable prescriptions recorded by outpatient pharmacists in their routine prescription checking from June,2004 to October, 2004 were classified and statistically analyzed. RESULTS:On average,the questionable prescriptions accounted for 0.35% of all the prescriptions dispensed by pharmacists. Of the questionable prescriptions,usage problems accounted for 43.0%,dosage accounted for 39.4%,volume dose accounted for 9.7%,frequency accounted for 2.7%.The results in prescribed frequency were significantly different before and after pharmacists intervention(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the working mechanism and age-related change of the conflict processing system of the frontal cortex.

METHODSFifteen normal elderly people and 15 youth were performed a modified Eriksen flanker paradigm, while event-related potential (ERPs), which include 32 systerm electroencephalography, reaction time and correct rate were recorded.

RESULTSThe elderly group showed a distinct effect of reaction time and effect of conflict in the respond level compared with the youth group. The elderly group had a longer time window of N380 and same amplitude as the youth group. Low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) showed the bilateral temporal lobe and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (especially right) were activated in the youth group, while the left temporal lobe, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left medial frontal gyrus were activated in the elderly group.

CONCLUSIONWhen conflict stimuli existed in the response level, old people showed frontal interference control hypofunction. N380 reflected the activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left temporal lobe during response selection and executive control processing in older people.

Adolescent ; Aged ; Aging ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Frontal Lobe ; physiology ; Humans ; Prefrontal Cortex ; physiology ; Reaction Time ; Temporal Lobe ; physiology

Objective To analyze the correlation between the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and the utilization of antimicrobial agents in the hospitalized patients of Beijng Chuiyangliu Hospital,and provide the basis for clinical rational use antimicrobial agents.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for the drug resistance rate and specimen source of the 2 194 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii from 2010 to 2014 in the hospital and DDDs/DUI of antimicrobial agents was analyzed by Pearson correlation.Results The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was positively correlated with the DDDs and DUI of imipenem/cilastatin(r=0.991,0.994,all P<0.01), and was positively correlated with the DDDs of cefepime(r=0.934,P=0.020).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to amikacin was positively correlated with the DDDs of etimicin(r=0.931,P=0.022).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was negatively correlated with the DUI of levofloxacin(r =-0.986,P =0.002). Conclusion The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was high and there was correlation between the drug resistance and the utilization of some antimicrobial agents.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacist in pulmonary infection therapy for a patient with hyper-sensitivity to several kinds of antibiotics. METHODS:Through admission evaluation,clinical pharmacists participated in the formu-lation of pulmonary infection therapy regimen for a patient with hypersensitivity to several kinds of antibiotics. According to clinical efficacy and disease condition,clinical pharmacists adjusted therapy plan and provided individual pharmaceutical care. RESULTS:Physician adopted clinical pharmacist’s suggestions,and then the patient transferred to community hospital after pulmonary infec-tion had been controlled. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists adopt admission assessment and classification management,posi-tion high risk patient,provide whole-course pharmaceutical care,and help physician to optimize and promote therapy plan,in or-der to guarantee the safety of drug use.

AIM:To investigate whether the protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism is achieved through down-regulating major histocompatibility complex classⅡ( MHCⅡ) in the adipose tissue.METHODS:Adiponectin knockout ( KO) mice and C57BL/6 ( WT) mice were fed with high-fat diet and standard diet for 24 weeks, re-spectively.The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insu-lin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) , hepatic histology, and classⅡtrans-activator ( CIITA) , histocompatibility 2 class II antigen E beta (H2-Eb1) and cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74) mRNA and MHC II protein levels in adipose tissue were measured at sacrifice.siRNA targeting MHC II and overexpression vector was used in 3T3-L1 cells to explore the effect of adiponectin on the protein level of MHCⅡ.RESULTS:The levels of body weight, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, hepatic steatosis, CIITA, H2-Eb1 and CD74 mRNA expression, and MHCⅡ protein expression in the KO mice were higher than those in the WT mice that fed with high-fat diet or standard diet.In 3T3-L1 cells, inhibition of adiponectin reversed MHC II protein level induced by specific siRNA.The expression of MHC II in adipocytes decreased after adiponectin was overexpressed.CONCLUSION: Adiponectin improves glucose and lipid metabolism through sup-pressing the expression of MHCⅡin the adipose tissue.

Objective To analyze the behavior of patients with serious adverse drug reactions and look for risk factors leading to serious adverse drug reactions .Methods Patient medication behavior evaluation method was established,which was used in cases of serious adverse reaction caused by stains in recent three years in Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital .Clinical pharmacists participated in field survey .Medication behavior of patients was analyzed from three aspects of knowledge ,attitude and ability .Results Three patients had serious adverse reactions occurred in recent 3 years,drugs were suspected of simvastatin and atorvastatin .The score of medication knowledge was lower than 20%.The score of health attitude was lower than 20%.The score of taking ability was lower than 20%. Conclusion In the investigation of serious adverse reaction ,pharmacists found the risk behavior of patients with daily medication is an important cause of patients with serious adverse reaction .Pharmacists should strengthen the drug education and publicity ,especially in patients with risk factors of medication behavior such as knowledge ,attitude and ability in their daily work .

Objective To investigate the survival rate of patients with chronic severe hepatitis B (CSH) after lamivudine treatment. Method A matched retrospective cohort study using data on patients derived from a prospectively collected chronic severe hepatitis B database was conducted. The database included patients who received or did not receive lamivudine treatment from October, 1999 to December, 2003. The match was conducted according with 3 variables: sex, age and duration of disease. The match ratio was 1∶1. Cases were patients who received lamivudine treatment (n=103).Controls were patients who did not receive lamivudine treatment (n=103). All the patients were followed up and their median survival time and survival rate were compared and evaluated. Results The median survival time in lamivudine treatment group and control group were 85 and 35 d respectively. The survival rate for 3 years in treatment group and control group were 42.7% and 23.4% respectively. There was significance difference in survival rate between the 2 groups (P

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical utilization of carbapenems in a hospital,analyze and evaluate its medication rationality. METHODS:All the 508 medical records of inpatients treated with carbapenems from Jul. 2012 to Jun. 2015 were retro-spectively investigated,the utilization and pathogenic examination of carbapenems were evaluated;by setting the carbapenems eval-uating standard,the medication rationality of carbapenems was evaluated and inappropriate cases were classified and analyzed statis-tically. RESULTS:The drug utilization indexed (DUI) of Imipenem and cilastatin sodium for injection and Meropenem for injec-tion were 0.80 and 1.32,respectively;the total rate of microbial inspection was 95.9%;according to the drug sensitive test result, the rate of drug selection was 62.8%;there were 54 cases(10.6%)of irrational use records,in which,irrational dosage(42.6%) and improper drug selection (31.4%) were the major problems. CONCLUSIONS:There are some inappropriate medication prob-lems in carbapenems utilization in the hospital. Developing the carbapenems utilization evaluation is helpful to discover typical medi-cation problems,which can provide reference for intervention and continuous improvement of rational drug use.

AIM:To explore the diagnosis and treatment methods of radioaction-induced optic neuritis ( RION) through the clinical dates of 17 patients.
METHODS: It was a retrospective case series study. From August 2008 to October 2013, 17 cases (24 eyes) of Rion clinical dates from Chinese PLA General Hospital were studied. The diagnosis methods including visual acuity, pupil, fundus, visual field, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), visual electrophysiological testing, and head MRI. To analysis the clinical date of patients with diagnosis of RION by statistical description.
RESULTS: The deterioration degree of vision: 13 eyes were classified as Ⅳ, 9 eyes as Ⅲ, 2 eyes as II. Ten eyes RAPD ( + ) , visual electrophysiology is extinguished. The retina of 5 eyes showed flame hemorrhages and cotton wool spots exudation. Optic nerve head edema in one eye. T1 - weighted MRI enhanced in 19 eyes which showed optic nerve of the intracranial and intratubal segments abnormal changed, optic chiasm and pituitary stalk signal abnormalities and enhancement of the optic nerve. Tortuous optic nerves and rough edges were observed in 5 eyes. Treatment effect: 4 eyes of visual acuity improved, 1 eye from blindness to light perception,1 eye from 0. 08 to 0. 2, 1 eye from 0. 4 to 0. 6,1 eye from 0. 04 to 0. 15, the rest of the cases did not see any improvement.
CONCLUSION: The unique clinical manifestation of RION can provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis in time, but there have not been proven any effective treatments.

Objective To examine the effects of the MEK inhibitor on human pancreatic cancer cells, and to explore the molecular mechanisms. Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell lines CFPANC1, PANC1 and MiaPaCa2 were treated with MEK inhibitor PD98059 or DMSO, the sensitivity was analyzed by an MTT assay, and cell cycle distribution was evaluated by flow cytometry( FCM), The transcriptional level and protein expression of tumor suppressor genes were detected by real-time RT-PCR and western blot respectively. DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt)1, 3a and 3b were also assayed by western blot, The methylation status of the promoter of the p16INK4A gene was assayed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results PD98059 inhibited to various degrees the growth of three pancreatic cancer cell lines, accompanied by G0-G1 cell cycle arrest. PD98059 up-regulated the expression of p16INK4a, p21WAF1, p27KIP1 mRNA, demethylated the hypermethylation status of p16INK4a gene promoter, and decreased Dnmtl and Dnmt3b in CFPANC1 and PANC1 cell lines. PD98059 only increased the expression of p27KIP1, while the changes of p16INK4a, p21WAF1 and Dnmt were less marked in MiaPaCa2 cell line. Conclusions MEK inhibitor PD98059 down-regulate the activation of Dnmt and up-regulate tumor supress genes, along with the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression.