Objective To observe influence of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder applied in asthmatic exacerbated period on relieving efficacy of a fast-acting beta2-agonist.Methods Eighty-nine children with asthma in exacerbated period were randomly assigned into two groups.Thirty-nine cases in treatment group inhaled salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder, compared with 50 cases in control group treated with budesonide aerosol. Two groups were all given Bricanyl aerolised inhalation in same way at meanwhile.Results The improvement of peak expinatory flow in two groups was evident. The disappearing time of main symptoms and signs, the duration of staying in hospital of two groups were no difference (all P

Objective:To investigate the methods and nutritional effects of endoscopic jejunal ac cess for enteral feeding.Methods:106 cases placed jejunum feeding tube were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,54 cases in the observation group and 52 cases in the control group.43 patients underwent nasogastric enteral nutrition were as the nasogastric tube group.The traditional endoscopic jejunal access method was used in control group,and the modified endoscopic jejunal access method was used in observation group.The operation time,the success rate of indwelling,complications and nutritional indexes were compared among these three groups.Results:The operative time of the observation group and nasogastric tube group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The success rate of indwelling was significantly lower in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications among these three groups (P ＞ 0.05).After intubation and nutritional treatment in all the groups,hemoglobin,plasma albumin and serum albumin levels were significantly improved (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in nutritional indexes between the observation group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of hemoglobin,plasma albumin and plasma prealbumin in nasogastric tube group were significantly lower than those in the observation group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Modified endoscopic jejunal access for enteral feeding can effectively shorten the intubation operation time and improve success rate and nutritional indexes.

BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is possibly related to regulation of various cell signals that are derived from aqueous uveoscleral outflow pathway.OBJECTIVE: To explore effect of travoprost on the expression of NF-κB and inhibitor-κB (I-κB) in human ciliary muscle cells cultured in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast study, which was performed in the Laboratory of Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center from March 2005 to November 2006.MATERIALS: Eyeballs were obtained from the youth who died due to other diseases except eye disease no more than one hour. The relatives voluntarily provided the informed consent.METHODS: Travoprost (1 μmol/L) was added in human ciliary muscle cell culture medium, and then the samples were divided into four groups according to culture time, including 0-hour (control group), 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of mRNA and protein of NF-κB p65 and I-κBα in the four groups by using real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence relative quantitative analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. RESULTS: As compared to control group, mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in the 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups was decreased (F=17.068, P=0.001); while mRNA expression of I-κBα was not changed remarkably in the 6-hour and 12-hour experimental groups (P > 0.05), but the expression was significantly higher than that in the 24-hour experimental group (F=32.742, P=0.000). Immunofluorescence relative quantitative analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of NF-κB p65 in the 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups were weaker than that in the 0-hour control group (F=17.216, P=0.000); additionally, as compared to 0-hour control group, fluorescence intensity of I-κBα in the 6-hour experimental group was not changed remarkably (P=0.134), that in the 12-hour experimental group was weakened (P=0.032), and that in the 24-hour experimental group was strengthened (F=17.346, P=0.001). ELISA revealed that expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 was decreased gradually by the time of being induced by travoprost (F=15.4, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Travoprost can down-regulate mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, inhibit nuclear translocation, and up-regulate mRNA expression of I-κBα in human ciliary muscle cells.

Objective: To study the effects of TNFα on wound healing. Methods: The skin lesion and incisions were made on mice and rhTNFα was applied in both skin lesion and incision. Tissue strips were evaluated for tensiometry and histologic features after healing. Results: It was found that rhTNFα markedly improved wound healing both in skin lesion and incision wound model, it also markedly enhanced the breaking strength of treated incision and increased wound cellularity in rh TNF α treated groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that TNFα play an important role in regulating inflammatory reactions of local injured tissues and it may improve the functions of fibroblasts, mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells. rhTNFα of suitable doses can promote wound healing. This shows that TNFα, as a wound healing promoter, has the potentials for clinical application.

AIM: To optimize the extraction of folium Artemisia argyi polysaccharides by the use of response surface methodoloy.METHODS : Experiment factors and levels were first selected on the ground of one factor test.Along with the central composite experimental design principles,the response surface methodoloy with three factors and three levels was adopted in search of multiple quadratic linear regression.Response surface and contour were finally chosen as the extraction rate and the response value respectively.RESULTS: The optimum extraction conditions of the polysaccharides from folium Artemisia argyi were concluded as follows : extraction temperature was at 99 ℃,extraction time was 2.3 hours,ratio of 20.CONCLUSION : Under these conditions,the yield of folium Artemisia argyi polysaecarides is up to 3.017%,extraction rate of the predictive best polysaccharides is 3.096%,and the relative error is 2.6%.

Metal sulfides are chemically attacked by Fe~ 3+ and H~+, resulting in the formation of elemental sulfur via polysulfides or thiosulfate pathway. Elemental sulfur may aggregate and even form a layer on the metal sulfide surface, which will inhibit leaching metals from the sulfides minerals. Elimination of inert elemental sulfur in a typical acidic environment can exclusively be by way of oxidation of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such a way includes the attachment, transport and oxidation process of elemental sulfur by acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. On the basis of analysis on the pertinent researches, the molecular mechanism of sulfur elimination by the acidophilic bacteria is far away from elucidated, and to attain that target, there are still much work to be done for elucidating the molecular mechanism on the attachment, transport and oxidation process of elemental sulfur by the acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

AIM:To study the relation between expression of uPAR and annexinⅡ and fibrinolytic activity in various leukemic cell lines.METHODS: The plasma activity was measured under the reaction between cells of NB4,SHI-1,K562,Jurkat,Raji and plaminogen by chromogenic assay.The protein expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4,SHI-1,K562,Jurkat,Raji were detected by flow cytometry method.The mRNA expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4,SHI-1,K562,Jurkat,Raji were detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS: The plasma activity in SHI-1 cells and NB4 cells were higher obviously than that in Raji,K562 and Jurkat cells.The protein expression ratio of uPAR and annexinⅡ in NB4 cells were(13.15?1.61)% and(95.97?1.19)%,respectively,they were(99.00?0.26)%,(90.35?2.15)% respectively in SHI-1 cells,and they were lower in K562,Jurkat,Raji cells.The expression of annexinⅡ mRNA in NB4 cells was higher than that in SHI-1 cells,and they were undectectable in K562 and Jurkat cells.The expression of uPAR mRNA in NB4 and SHI-1 cells were higher than that in Jurkat and K562 cells.The expression of uPAR mRNA in Raji cells was undectectable.CONCLUSION: The primary hyperfibrinolysis in leucocythemia cells was observed,and relation was closely with the expression of annexinⅡ.It might be the main reason for bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ulinastatin on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing resection of gastrointestinal tumor. Methods A total of 180 elderly patients (97 males,83 females,aged 65-80 years,ASA grade Ⅱ orⅢ)who underwent laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal tumor,were randomized into four groups (n =45 each):dexmedetomidine group (group D),ulinastatin group (group U),dexmedetomidine+ulinastatin group (group DU)and control group (group C).Patients in group D were given a loading dosage of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg intravenously 1 5 min before the induction of general anesthesia,followed by a continuous infusion of 0.3 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 ,and dexmedetomidine was ad-ministered till 40 min before the end of surgery.Patients in the group U were given a loading dosage of ulinastatin 10 000 U/kg intravenously in 20 min.In group DU,dexmedetomidine and ulinastatin were administered in accordance in group D and group U respectively.Patients in group C were given 0.9% saline solution.The volume of blood loss,the time of operation and recovery,the adverse reac-tions after surgery were recorded.The concentration of dopamine (DA),adrenaline (AD),norepi-nephrine (NE)were measured within the preoperative 1 d (T0 ),within the first hour of surgery (T1 ),within the postoperative 1 d (T2 ),2 d (T3 ),3 d (T4 ).The confusion assessment method Chi-nese reversion (CAM-CR)was used to screen POD on T0 ,T2-T4 .Results The levels of DA,AD and NE in the group C and group U at T1-T4 significantly elevated than those at T0 (P <0.05);the levels of DA at T1 and the levels of AD at T1 ,T2 in group D and group DU significantly elevated than those at T0 (P <0.05).The levels of DA,AD at T3 ,T4 and the levels of NE at T1-T4 in group D and group DU were significantly reduced compared with those in the group C and group D (P <0.05 ). Compared with the group C,the incidence of POD was significantly reduced in the group D,group U and group DU (P <0.05).Among the three groups (D,U and DU),the difference were not statisti-cally significant in the incidence of POD.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine or ulinastatin may reduce the rate of POD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal tumor.Compared with the administration of ulinastatin or dexmedetomidine alone,combined application of dexmedeto-midine and ulinastatin does not reduce the incidence of POD.

Objective To estimate reliability of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in measuring liver stiffness of volunteers and patients with chronic liver disease and to assess inter-rater consistency.Methods MRE was performed on a 3.0 T scanner in all subjects,including 24 volunteers (control group) and 64 patients with liver disease (chronic liver disease group).Liver stiffness was measured blindly by two raters.The pathological fibrosis score was applied as a standard reference for liver fibrosis in 22 patients.The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate inter-rater reliability.The differences of liver stiffness between two groups were evaluated using non-parametric MannWhitney U test.Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between fibrosis stages and liver stiffness.Results The intraclass correlation coefficient of liver stiffness was perfect (ICC =0.99,P ＜ 0.01)between two raters.There was significant difference of mean stiffness between control group and patient group (U =90.5,P ＜0.01) with(2.35 ±0.34) kPa and(4.17 ± 0.47) kPa,respectively.The correlation between fibrosis stage (3,3,5,5 and 6 patients in fibrosis stage S0,S1,S2,S3 and S4) and stiffness (2.13,3.25,3.82,5.45 and 7.35 kPa) was very strong (r =0.96,P ＜0.01).Conclusion MRE is a reliable and promising tool to measure liver stiffness and to assess liver fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate biomechanical properties of transoralpharyngeal atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) prepared from magnesium alloy and titanium alloy for the atlantoaxial dislocation by using three-dimensional finite element analysis and to exam the feasibility of using magnesium alloy for preparation of TARP system so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical surgery.MethodsA patient with typical atlantoaxial fracture dislocation was involved in the study,and received thin CT scan with clinically used titanium alloy TARP system for obtaining DICOM image data.Three-dimensional finite element analysis software was imported to simulate magnesium alloy and titanium alloy TARP systems for reduction and fixation.Then,stress changes of the atlas,axis,internal fixators and C2/3 zygapophysial joints were determined with three-dimensional finite element analysis and analyzed statistically.Results ( 1 ) The finite element model of atlantoaxial dislocation reduction and fixation had lifelike outline and good geometric similarity.There were 53 586 nodes and 180 784 units.(2) During the simulation of head in neutral position,the stress concentration region was C2/3 zygapophysial joints followed by the anterior arch,posterior arch and lateral mass of atlas respectively,and C2 vertebral arch again.( 3 )Magnesium alloy and titanium alloy TARP systems showed significant difference in stress distribution (P ＜0.05).Conclusions(1)The atlantoaxial model established according to its structure information on CT can be used for biomechanical experiments.(2) For the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation using the existing titanium TARP system,maintaining the integrity of anterior and posterior arch of atlas and confirming the bone fusion in lateral mass can better keep the stability of the atlantoaxis.After atlantoaxial fusion,the increased stress of the zygapophysial joints of the adjacent segments accelerates structural degeneration,which should be closely followed up.( 3 ) Magnesium alloy TARP system for fixation and reduction shows the fall in peak value of the stress concentration region,and improvement of the uniformity of stress distribution as compared with titanium alloy TARP.