The bone turnover markers are composed of the metabolic products of bone matrix and bone cells.The changes of these markers in serum and/or urine represent the status of bone metabolism.To measure the level of these markers will offer important information for evaluating the diagnosis and the responses of therapy in metabolic bone diseases,and to predicat the risk of bone fracture.The biochemistry,measurement and clinical aplication will be introduced in this paper.

0 05).Plasma ET in the active LN was significantly higher than that in the inactive LN and normal control group ( P

Objective Good culture sense of patient safety among the hospital staff is in close relation with the improvement of medical quality and patient safety .The article was to provide evidence for the culture management of patient safety and related stud -ies.Methods We searched the main databases Pub Med , Chinese Bio-medical Literature Database , CNKI, Wan-Fang database with the key word safety environment,safety culture,safety approach,evaluate,assessment,situation analysis,analy-sis. Results 50 literatures were collected.The assessment tools could be divided into self-made questionnaire (13, 26%), im-proved questionnaire (16, 32%), chineselized foreign questionnaire (21, 42%).The main researchers (84%) and study objects (66%) were nurses.48 (96%) investigation and descriptive study were about patient safety culture;only 2 documents made compari-son before and after the patient safety culture cultivation . Conclusion The research of patient safety culture in our country is rising currently, while the development of assessment tools is still at exploration stage .The width and depth of related research should be fur-ther broadened .

Objective To investigate the clinical features and treatment programs in children with Takayasu arteritis (TA) in order to improve awareness of the disease. Methods A retrospective study of hospi-talized children with TA in our hospital from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2012 was performed. Results Between the 15 patients with TA, the ratio of male to female was 1∶2. The onset was from 14 months to 15 years old, with average age at (10 ±4) years old. It is according to (the European League against Rheumatism/the Pediatric Rheumatology European Society (EULAR/PRES) criteria for the diagnosis of TA. The most common clinical manifestations are hypertension, which occurred in 13 cases(87%), weak pulse or pulseless in 11 cases (73%), and heart failure in 10 cases (67%). About two-thirds of patients were diagnosed when the onset of heart failure occurred. The most common clinical type was type Ⅱ, which occrred in 9 cases (60%). Antihypertensive drugs, oral steroid and congestive heart failure controlling were the main treatment. Three patients with positive purifiedproteinderivative (PPD) test received anti-TB treatment. Three patients had vascular bypass surgery, one patient had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Conclusion TA may be life-threatening and progressive. Many patients are with advanced disease at the time of treatment, so the prognosis is generally poor. Early recognition is necessary to initiate appropriate therapy. The disease should be considered in patients with unexplained arterial hypertension or unexplained inflammatory syndromes without local signs.

Objective To measure the changes of enamel diameter and depth after Er :YAG laser irradiation .Methods 80 enam-el samples were randomly divided into two supergroups according to irradiation time (10 s and 20 s) ,each supergroup was randomly divided into 5 groups according to different irradiation energy (0 .5W ,1 .0W ,1 .5W ,2 .0W and 2 .5W) ,separately underwent the Er :YAG laser irradiation with different time and different energy .Observed and measured the diameter and depth of each pit with a stereoscopic microscope after irradiation .Results After 10 seconds irradiation ,the differences of enamel diameter between illumi-nate power 0 .5W and 1 .0W ,0 .5W and 1 .5W ,0 .5W and 2 .0W ,0 .5W and 2 .5W were statistically significant(P<0 .05) ,the differences of enamel depth between two groups were statistically significant (P<0 .05) eliminating 1 .5W and 2 .0W .After 20 sec-onds irradiation ,the differences of enamel diameter between illuminate power 0 .5W and 1 .0W ,1 .0W and 2 .0W ,1 .0W and 2 .5W were statistically significant(P<0 .05) ,the differences of enamel depth were the same to 10 seconds irradiation .Conclusion The diameter and depth of enamel were changed under the irradiation of different time and energy ,which was helpful to clinical treat-ment of enamel caries .

Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: To avoid the infection induced by the clinical application of total parenteral nutrition solution( TPN) . METHODS: The experience of quality control and etiological examination in the preparation and application of TPN for 62 patients in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The key to reduce the incidence of infection in the preparation and application of TPN is to keep the infection source under control.

Purpose To discuss the main index of the colour ultrasonographic diagnosis of children's left Renal Vein Entrapment Sydrome(LRVES).Methods By colour ultrasonography,urine microscope examination and urine Ca/Cr ratio determination,eighty-two LRVES children were diagnosed and compared with forty healthy children.Observed at supine position whether narrow caused by pressure or the expanding phenomenon of LRV after being pressed,to examine the ratio of the abdominal aorta(AO) left internal diameter(a) to the front internal diameter(b) of LRV,by using CDFI,blood flow rate in the left lateral position of LRV was judged.Simultaneously,the angle(?) between superio mesentery artery(SMA) and AO was detected.Then standing upright for twenty minutes,and determined a/b ratio.Results In the LRVES group,the LRV blood vessels become narrower,a/b was over 3 at supine position,after standing upright for twenty minutes,a/b was over 4;and LRV blood flow rate becomes slower,? angle becomes smaller,compared with the healthy group,there was statistical significance.Conclusions The main indexes of the LRVES of ultrasonographic diagnosis is to observe the a/b ratio of LRV before and after being pressed (lying on the back and standing upright for twenty minutes) and to detecte the blood flow rate of LRV before pressure and judege the angle between SMA and AO.

Objective To explore the most suitable condition of influenza virus which was culturing on plateau region,and im-prove the effect of the separation of influenza virus.Methods The original specimens were respective inoculated in MDCK cells,by comparing CO2 percent concentration (5%,4.8%,4.6%,4.4%,4.2%),TPCK-pancreatic enzyme dosage (1,2,3, 4,5μg/m and 6,8,10μg/ml),inoculation amount (100,200,300,400,500μl),incubation time (48,72,96,120,144 h),inoc-ulation methods (adsorption,direct inoculated),and culture vessel(cells,6 orifice)that were influenced on influenza virus, the best culture conditions was determined.Hemagglutinatio (HA)method was used to detect the virus titers.Results Through the comparison,the HA titer of virus was in the highest titer with 6 orifice plate culture vessel,4.4% CO2 and 4.6% CO2 ,2μg/ml TPCK-pancreatic enzyme,300μl and 400μl inoculation amount,72h~96h of incubation time.Conclusion The optimal condition of the influenza virus cultured with the MDCK cell has been established in the laboratory on plateau region.

Hepatorenal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation