[Objective]To observe the effect of sciatic nerve and femoral nerve resection on heterotopic osteogenesis induced by recombined human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) and discuss role of never innervation on bone regeneration and partial reasons for larger callus after bone fracture accompanying denervation.[Method]A total of 36 male ICR mice were divided into experimental group and control group at random.0.125mg rhBMP-2 /collagen composites were implanted into the right thigh muscle pouches after sciatic nerve and femoral nerve section in the experimental group and after sham operation in the control group.On the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day after implantation,roentgenographic,biochemical,histological analyses and osteoclasts TRAP staining were performed to detect the effects of sciatic nerve and femoral nerve resection on bone growth initiated by rhBMP-2.[Result]On the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day,wet weight of new bony tissues of the experimental group was obviously greater than that of the control group.Radiography showed range of bone formation in the experimental group was larger than that in the control,but density of new bone was lower than that of the latter.Biochemical detection showed value of AKP of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control on the 7~(th) day,while the content of Ca of the experimental group was higher than that of the control on the 14~(th) day and the content of Ca and P of the experimental group was lower than that of the control on the 21~(st) day.Histological observation showed area of new bone of the experimental group was greater than that of the control,but trabecular bone of the former was sparser than that of the latter.Image analysis of bony tissue showed the relative number of osteoclasts in the experimental group became higher on the 21~(st) day,while volume density and width of bone trabecula in the experimental group were lower than that of the control group.TRAP staining showed osteoclasts in the new bone of the experimental group were more activated than that of the control.[Conclusion]Nerve section results in enhancement of ability of bone regeneration by BMP in the early period,but trabecular bone becomes sparse in the middle and later period because of bone resorption by osteoclasts,which indicates nerve in nervation influences bone regemeration though direct and/or indirect way.

[Objective]To identify the expression of neurotrophic factors(NTFs)and their high affinity receptors(Trk)during the bone induction by recombined human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2)and discuss possible roles of NTFs on the osteoinductive activity of BMP.[Method]After a total of 36 ICR mice were divided into experimental group and control group at random,rhBMP-2/collagen sponge and collagen sponge were implanted into the right thigh muscle pouches of two groups respectively.Tissues in the implanted sites of two groups were removed on the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day after implantation.Histological,immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses were performed to detect osteoinductive effect of rhBMP-2 and the expression of NTFs and Trk.[Result]RhBMP-2/collagen sponge displayed a potent ability inducing bone formation,while the expression of NTFs and Trk was observed in the course of osteoinduction by rhBMP-2.Especially on the 7~(th) day in the experimental group,NGF and TrkA positive immunostaining reached the peak in the stage of chondrogenesis,including chondroblasts,chondrocytes,hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts,then decreased in the number of positive cells and the intensity of immunostaining on the 14~(th) and 21~(st) day.BDNF was only observed in chondrocytes and cartilage matrix,and TrkB was expressed in chondroblasts and chondrocytes at the 7~(th) day after implantation.Expression of NT-3 was similar to that of NGF,while TrkC was expressed in chondroblasts and chondrocytes on day 7.Expression level of the mRNA of NTFs peaked at 7 days after the implantation,then decreased,which was nearly coincident with immunohistochemical results.[Conclusion]Many different kinds of cells are induced by rhBMP-2 express NTFs and Trk,which suggests that NTFs may play an important role in the osteogenesis initiated by BMP through direct and indirect pathways.

Objective To explore the role of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3)‐mediated necroptosis in ulcerative colitis (UC ) . Methods The colonic mucosa tissues of eighty‐five patients diagnosed with UC were collected .Disease staging and pathological classification of UC patients were evaluated according to Mayo standard and Truelove standard ,respectively .The expressions of RIP3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were detected by immunohistochemistry .The cell inflammation model in HT‐29 cells was induced by interferon (IFN)‐γ.The expression of RIP3 mRNA and interleukin (IL)‐1βmRNA was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) .Twenty healthy individuals were studied as controls .A single factor analysis of variance was performed in the comparison among groups ,and Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis .Results Among 85 patients with UC , 27 cases were mild ,30 cases were moderate and 28 cases were severe;for pathological classification ,26 were gradeⅠ ,31 were gradeⅡ and 28 were grade Ⅲ .The Mayo score was positively correlated with pathological grade (r=0 .997 , P<0 .05) .The expression of RIP3 and TNF‐α in colonic mucosa tissues of UC group increased along with the pathological classification grade .The expression of RIP3 of gradeⅠto Ⅲ was 1 .81 ± 0 .98 ,2 .77 ± 1 .26 and 4 .86 ± 2 .77 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=26 .10 ,P<0 .05) .The expression of TNF‐αof gradeⅠto Ⅲ was 1 .35 ± 0 .69 ,2 .61 ± 1 .41 and 4 .43 ± 2 .17 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=31 .80 ,P<0 .05) .The expression of IL‐1β mRNA of IFN‐γ group ,IFN‐γ+ z‐VAD group and IFN‐γ+z‐VAD+ TNF‐αgroup was 0 .68 ± 0 .27 ,1 .47 ± 0 .12 and 1 .86 ± 0 .16 ,respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=38 .45 , P<0 .05) .The expression of RIP3 mRNA of IFN‐γgroup ,IFN‐γ+z‐VAD group and IFN‐γ+z‐VAD+TNF‐αgroup was 0 .46 ± 0 .13 ,1 .21 ± 0 .29 and 2 .06 ± 0 .20 ,respectively , and the differences were statistically significant (F= 55 .15 , P< 0 .05) .Conclusions TNF‐α/RIP3 signal pathway is up‐regulated in UC .RIP3‐mediated necroptosis promotes the death of colonic epithelial cells and exacerbates inflammatory response .RIP3‐mediated necroptosis may be an important mechanism in UC .

Objective To investigate the effect of different explants on emodin contents in the callus of Polygouum cuspidatum by reverse-phase HPLC. Methods The leafs,stems and leaf stalks of Polygouum cuspidatum were used as explants and induce the callus by MS medium containing 6-BA 0.2 mg/L,KT 0.2 mg/Land 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L. The contents of emodin were analyzed by HPLC. The separation was performed on Diamonsil-C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column,using methanol-0.1% H3PO4 (80∶20) as mobile phase,detected at 254 nm. The flow rate was at 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 27 ℃. Results The contents of emodin were 0.709 6,1.680 0 and 0.166 8 mg/g in the callus induced by leafs,stems and leaf stalks. The linear range of emodin was 0.25～5 ?g/mL,r=0.999 85,the average recovery was 101.19% and RSD was 1.20%. Conclusion HPLC method could be used for the contents determination of emodin in Polygouum cuspidatum callus and the contents of emodin was high in the callus induced by stems.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic values of ultrasound elastography (UE) technology and acoustic radia?tion force impulse (ARFI) technology in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant single solid thyroid nodule showed by ultrasonography. Methods A total of 100 patients with solitary thyroid nodule diagnosed by the Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Shihezi University in December 2013 to July 2014 were selected in this study. The routine ultrasound, UE examination and ARFI technology were used in patients before operation. All patients were performed operation for thy?roid nodules and the diagnosis was confirmed by the pathologic results. A flexible classification method was used in UE. ARFI was used to detect shear wave velocity (SWV) of lesions. The diagnostic values of three methods were evaluated by the gold standard of pathologic results. ROC curves were plotted according to SWV values of benign and malignant thyroid nod?ules. Results The area under the curve (ACU) was 0.960. The best cut-off value of SWV was 2.76 for diagnosis. The diag?nostic sensitivities of malignant thyroid solid nodules were 82.61%(19/23), 82.61%(19/23) and 91.30%(21/23) for US, UE and ARFI, respectively. The diagnostic specificities were 87.01%(67/77), 88.31%(68/77) and 93.51%(72/77) respectively. And the positive predictive values (PPV) were 65.52%(19/29), 67.86%(19/28) and 80.77%(21/27) respectively;the nega?tive predictive values (NPV) were 94.37%(67/71),94.44%(68/72) and 97.29%(71/73). Conclusion ARFI technology is superior to US and UE technology in predicting malignancy in solitary solid thyroid nodule, which is worth of clinical applica?tion and promotion.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF) is a kind of Interstitial lung disease with cause unknown,which is aggressive for its increasing prevalence and high morbidity and mortality.At present the pathogenesis of IPF is not entirely clear, but cells and cel-lular interactions play a decisive role on the alveolar inflammation and fibrosis results.We review IPF related cells of interest ( immune competent cells and fibroblast, fibrocyte, myofibroblast, endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells) , to summarize cells and cellular in-teractions in the pathogenesis of IPF,and discuss new research directions and therapeutic targets.

Objective To evaluate the application value with low-dose CT scan and quantitative analysis in airway disease of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods All subjects(34 control cases,88 cases of stable COPD patients)underwent low-dose CT chest scans,and 88 COPD patients underwent pulmonary function tests.Measuring the airway dimensions of 3th generation in apical bronchus of the right upper lobe,the posterior basal bronchus of the right lower lobe and left lower lobe.Results COPD patients with moderate to extremely severe airflow limitation demonstrated higher WA% and Pi10 in comparison with normal volunteers(all P<0.05),meanwhile patients with extremely severe airflow limitation demonstrated higher WA % and Pi10 in comparison with patients with mild airflow limitation(both P <0.05).COPD patients with severe airflow limitation demonstrated higher T/BSA and WA/BSA in comparison with normal volunteers and patients with moderate airflow limitation (all P<0.05).The WA % and Pi10 of COPD patients group were negatively correlated with ventilation indices and small airway indices(all P <0.01).Pi10 were positively correlated with lung volume indices (all P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Low-dose CT scan and quantitative analysis can provide an objective and quantitative method to evaluate the information about airway disease of COPD,inwich both WA % and Pi10 are objective indices.With the increase of air flow limitation,the bronchial wall thickness gradually increased.

Objective To investigate clinical biologic characteristics and factors that impact prognosis of patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma(FTC).Method Clinical data of 105 FTC patients treated surgically in the Department of Head& Neck,Tianjin Cancer Hospital from 1970 to 1990 was analyzed retrospectively.Results The overall 5-year,10-year and 15-year survival rates of these patients were 85.3％,76.7％ and 72.9％ respectively.The overall 15-year survival rates of patients ≥45 years and those ＜ 45 years were 45.9％,89.8％ respectively.The overall 15-year survival rates of patients with unilateral and bilateral carcinoma was 50.0％,76.2％ respectively.The overall 15-year survival rates of patients with neck lymph node metastasis and without were 54.2％,79.2％ respectively.The overall 15-year survival rates of patients at stage Ⅰ,stage Ⅱ,stageⅢ and stageⅣ were 89.3％,70.0％,45.5％ and 35.3％respectively.During the follow-up period,11 patients were diagnosed with distant metastasis from 1 year to 33 years after surgical treatment and 9 died of cancer within 5 years after diagnosis.Seventeen patients had local recurrence from 3 months to 34 years after surgery and 10 of these patients died of local recurrence.Conclusions The factors influencing prognosis of patients with FTC were age,clinical stage,bilateral carcinoma and neck lymph node metastasis,therefore early treatment and close following-up are essential to improve the prognosis of patients with FTC.

Objective To quantify the concentration of peripheral blood plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and to explore its value in assessment of the severity of AP.Methods From June 2011 to March 2012,83 patients with AP were selected,among those 43 cases were mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and 40 were severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).The control group included 30 healthy individuals.The peripheral blood of patients with AP and healthy controls was collected,and plasma was isolated after centrifuged.The concentration of NGAL in plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The t-test was performed for comparison between groups.The correlation between the concentration of NGAL in plasma and clinical parameters of AP was analyzed by Spearman rank order correlation analysis.The diagnosis value of the concentration of NGAL in SAP was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC).Results The concentration of plasma NGAL in AP group ((10.30± 5.97)nmol/L) was higher than that in healthy control group ((1.94±1.35) nmol/L) and the difference was statistically significant (t=11.924,P＜0.01).The concentration of plasma NGAL in SAP group ((14.61 ±5.28) nmol/L) was higher than that in MAP group ((6.27±-3.09) nmol/L) and healthy control group,the differences was statistically significant (t=8.677 and 14.539,both P＜0.01).The concentration of plasma NGAL of AP patients was positively correlated with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-Ⅱ score,Ranson score,bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis score,computed tomography (CT) severity index,C-reactive protein,white blood cells and the days of hospitalization (r=0.651,0.556,0.514,0.620,0.320,0.458 and 0.346,all P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve of plasma NGAL concentration in diagnosis of SAP was 0.926 (95％CI:0,870-0.983).The cutoff value of plasma NGAL level in diagnosis of SAP was 8.44 nmol/L.The sensitivity and specificity was 87.5 ％ and 88.9％,respectively.Conclusions Plasma NGAL level is correlated with the severity of patients with AP.NGAL may be one of the markers for the early diagnosis of SAP.