Pediatric liver transplantation has long been developed in the western world.Currently,favorable outcomes after liver transplantation have been achieved in pediatric recipients and the postoperative 5-year survival rate reached 80％ in western transplantation centers.In the mainland China,pediatric liver transplantation started quite recently and there is still a big gap compared with western centers.In addition,there is unbalanced development between adult and pediatric recipients due to surgical difficulties and undesirable outcomes following pediatric liver transplantation.The operation methods of pediatric liver transplantation include whole liver transplantation,reduced-size liver transplantation,living donor liver transplantation and split liver transplantation.Perioperative complications of pediatric liver transplantation mainly include portal vein thrombosis,hepatic artery thrombosis,intra-abdominal bleeding,infections,rejection,bile leakage and biliary strictures.While the long-term complications are infections,post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders,acute and chronic rejections caused by poor compliance with immunosuppressive therapy.Perioperative complications have been reduced recently thanks to improvement of surgical techniques.With the highly-prolonged survival period,long-term postoperative complications have been playing a significant role in recipients' survival rates.Management of long-term follow-up and compliance has been the next focus of pediatric liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of children malignant lymphoma.Method A retrospective study was carried out to analyse the clinical,laboratory and pathological data in 65 patients with malignant lymphoma.Results In the chidren malignant lymphoma,the incidence of nonHodgkin′s lymphoma(NHL) was more than that of Hodgkin′s disease(HL),the ratio of NHL to HL was 2.25∶1.The peak incidence of age was among 6 to 9 years old,the ratio of male to female is about(3.5∶1.)NHL of our children was mostly consised of lymphoblastic lymphoma,anaplastic large-cell lymphoma,diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt′s lymphoma.The clinical manifestations were predominantly presented with peripheral nodes intumescing,mediastinal tumeur,abdominal tumeur,bone marrow infiltration.In patients with Hodgkin′s disease,mixed cellularity was the most common pathological category,and cervical painless lymphadenectasis was usually the initial signs in most patients,sometimes accompanied with infiltration of celiac lymph nodes,spleen and bone marrow.Conclusions NHL of our children differs from that of adult in the clinical feature and pathology,while HL of our patients is similar to adults.Since the prognosis of the malignant lymphoma is determined by its pathology,immunohistochemistry plays an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):160-161

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant neoplasm derived from cholangiocytes. The incidence of CCA is only lower than that of hepatocellular carcinoma and ranked the second in liver malignant cancers. The prognosis of CCA patients is poor and most patients will die within a few months after diagnosis. CCA is related to various risk factors, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, cirrhosis, certain chemical agents and liver fluke. Establishment of proper animal models of CCA can not only be helpful for understanding the mechanisms of incidence and development, but also lay a solid foundation for developing novel treatment strategies. Common animal models of CCA include carcinogen-induced models, implantation models, operation models, and genetically engineered models.

AIM: To examine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the neuroprotection by mitochondrial ATP- sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATp) in rat hippocampal slices during hypoxia. METHODS: The technique of elec-trophysiology was used, and the latency to hypoxic depolarization (HD) and the amplitude of population spike (PS) in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region were measured. RESULTS: Pretreatment of the slices with diazoxide (DIA, a mitoKATP opener, at concentration of 300 ?mol/L) , prolonged the latency to HD, delayed the onset of PS disappearance and improved the recovery of PS after reoxygenation. The effects induced by DIA were attenuated by 5 - hydroxydecanoic acid (a mitoKATP blocker, at concentration of 200 ?mol/L). Pretreatment with N - 2 - mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG, a ROS scavenger, at concentration of 500 ?mol/L), also abrogated the effects induced by DIA, while treatment of MPG alone had no effect on PS and HD. CONCLUSION: ROS participates in neuroprotection offered by mitoKATp opener during hypoxia.

Child ; DNA, Antisense ; genetics ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; RNA, Antisense ; genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; therapy ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; genetics ; pathogenicity

Objective To establish a method for the determination of gastrodin in Tianyuan Granula. Methods The sample was refluxed with methanol, then eluted with 80 % ethanol through the alumina column(neutral). The chromato-graphic conditions were as follows: Diamonsil Cts chromatographic column(250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 15 % phosphoric acid (1 : 99), the detection wavelength being at 220 nm and the flow rate be-good (r=0.9999 95, n=7).The average recovery was 99.09 % and RSD=1. 50 % (n=6). Conclusion The method for determination of gastrodin in Tianyuan Granula is accurate, and with a good reproducibility.

Objective: To express glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) modified Met- RANTES fusion protein on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and to develop a novel immunosuppressant GPI anchored form of Met-RANTES. Methods: The eukaryotic expression vector PEF/GPI-Met-RANTES were constructed and transfected into CHO cells by electroporation. The transfectants were selected with methotrexate (MTX). Expression of the recombinant protein was assessed by flow cytometric analysis, cell immunofluorescence staining and immunogold electron microscopy. Results: The chimeric molecules of GPI anchored form of Met-RANTES including the whole reading frame were constructed, and the sequence was identical to the designed sequence. GPI anchored form of Met-RANTES was stably expressed on CHO- DHFR- cells. Conclusion: A large amount of GPI modified Met-RANTES fusion protein was expressed on CHO cells. GPI anchored form of Met-RANTES may be used as novel immunosuppressant for suppressing reaction in graft rejection.

AIM To test the hypothesis that intravenous liposomal prostaglandin E 1 (Lipo PGE 1) would attenuate reperfusion injury in a rabbit ischemia reperfusion model. METHODS Twenty four open chest rabbits were randomized to receive a 10 minute intravenous infusion of either liposome diluent (placebo), free PGE 1 (2 ?g?kg -1 ), or Lipo PGE 1(2 ?g?kg -1 PGE 1) after 60 minutes of left anterior desending (LAD) ligation just before reperfusion. Carotid arterial pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored and recorded continously throughout the whole experiment. After 2 hours reperfusion, infarct size and region at risk were measured by postmortem dual dyes with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and Evans blue. Myocardial leukocyte infiltration by myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay was performed. RESULTS Infarct size as a ratio of weight of infarcted tissue to weight of region at risk (MI/RISK) was significantly reduced with Lipo PGE 1 32.20%?4.70% compared with PGE 1 42.09%?6.93% or placebo 44.57%?5.46% ( P

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and validity of the early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods: 15 patients of SAP during April 2002 and June 2003 had received early enteral nutrition through naso jejunal tube. The nutrition and immune index and the rates of complications were analyzed. Results: 2～3 days after nutrition tube placed to stomach, the tube heads in 11 cases reached the jejunum automatically, while 3 cases needed the help of X ray and 1 case needed the help of gastroscopy. All of 15 cases tolerated the enteral nutrition well, and there was no relapse of SAP. The nutrition and immune measurement were improved after 2 weeks' enteral nutrition, without infection of pancreatic necrosis. Conclusions: It is safe, efficient and feasible of the early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) through naso jejunal tube. Early enteral nutrition can improve the nutrition, immune function and prognosis.