Objective To assess the influence of pre-exposure to non-ablating ultrasound on the effect of high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)ablation.Methods Forty rabbits with transplanted VX2 tumors on their livers were divided into three pre-exposure groups(60 W,80 W and 100 W)and a control group(O W),with 10 rabbits in each group.Each group was pre-exposed to lower intensity focused ultrasound at the corresponding power.From each group,5 rabbits were randomly selected to be exposed to HIFU on the next day.Each group received 14scans.The rabbits were sacrificed 24 h later to take tissue samples for tfipheny tetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining to measure the amount of coagulative necrosis.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)were also measured to observe the structure and activation of pre-exposed tumors.Results After HIFU exposure,the ablated volumes increased with pre-exposure acoustic intensity,and all volumes were larger than those in the control group.The ablating efficiency in the 100 W group was the highest.The pre-exposure did not itself ablate tumor tissue,but in the 80 W and 100 W groups the structure and activation of the tissues changed.Those in the 60 W group were not obviously altered.Conclusion Prior exposure to non-ablating ultrasound can highly enhance the efficacy of HIFU ablation.

Objective To identify the potential value of event-related potentials ( ERPs ) and electroencephalogram(EEG) in early diagnosis of dementia.Methods From June 2008 to July 2011,113 patients with dementia were recruited fom First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Meanwhile,100 healthy individuals conducting physical examination at this hospital were collected as the control group.P300 and EEG were measured in patients and healthy controls.Results ( 1 ) Compared with healthy controls,patients with early diagnosis of dementia had significantly longer latency(402.5 ± 37.4)ms vs.( 320.4 ± 23.5 ) ms ;t =19.40 ; P =0.02 ) and lower amplitude of P300 ( 3.76 ± 1.76 ) μV vs.( 5.32 ± 1.38 )μV;t=7.24;P=0.01 ).(2)Significant higher proportionof abnormal EEG cases was found in individuals with dementia (68/113,60.2％ ) than that of participants in the healthy control group(34/100,34.0％ ) ( x2 =13.54,P ＜0.01 ).Specifically,patients with early diagnosis of dementia had significantly higher prevalence of moderate (26.5 ％ [ 18/68 ] vs.5.9 ％ [ 2/34 ] ; x2 =4.85,P =0.02 ) and severe ( 8.8 ％ [ 6/68 ] vs.2.9 ％ [ 1/34 ] ; x2 =1.22,P =0.02 ) abnormal EEG than healthy controls,while there were no significant difference of the proportions of mild or borderline abnormal EEG between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion P300 is an extraordinary objective indicator for early diagnosis of dementia.EEG can provide evidence of impaired brain function for individuals with dementia.

Objective We discussed the effect of body massage combined with massage of breast point (ruzhong point and rugen point) to facilitate the milk secretion, alleviate the swelling pain of breast, recover physical strength of mother, establishment of the confidence of breast feeding and increase the success rate of breast feeding. Methods We divided 212 parturients into the test group (104 cases) and the control group (108 cases). The test group received body massage combined with massage of breast acupuncture point based upon routine postpartum nursing. The control group received routine postpartum nursing We observed the time and volume of milk secretion in the two groups. Results The time of milk secretion of the test group was ahead of that of the control group and volume of milk secretion was increased in the test group than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions Body massage combined with massage of breast point (ruzhong and ruzhong point) could place the time of milk secretion ahead, increase the volume of milk secretion. Besides, it could alleviate the swelling pain of breast and ensure the success d breast feeding.

Objective To understand the support effect of the resources and services provided by the library on the scientific research of medical postgraduates. Methods Taking 150 graduate stu-dents in Chongqing Medical University as the research object, through questionnaire survey and inter-view method, the characteristics of medical graduate students' selection of document resources, as well as their application of the resources and services provided by the library were investigated. Results 65% (98/150) of students chose Chinese literature as the preferred source of information, 6% (9/150) of graduate students did not borrow books at the library, 54% (81/150) of graduate students chose library website as the data retrieval entrance at the time of obtaining the preferred document, 9% (14/150) of students did not participate in the library reader training. Conclusion Library resources are still the first choice for the graduate students to obtain the literature, and the library should be improved in the aspects of resource allocation, service mode, in order to meet the needs of graduate students' scientific research.

Objective To observe the pathological regression of rabbit liver after the low-dose irradiation with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and to explore the role and mechanism of the irradiation in changing acoustic environment of rabbit liver. Methods Pathological study was performed in 10 New Zealand white rabbits, the livers were observed under light and electron microscope. The observation was done immediately after low-dose HIFU irradiation and in 2, 3, 5, 7 days after the low-dose irradiation with HIFU. Results Light microscope changes: Edema existed in hepatocytes after irradiation instantly, congestion and aggravated edema were found at 2-3 days, then the injured cells recovered gradually. Electron microscope changes: Detached endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoid and swelling organelles were observed after irradiation, while 2 or 3 days later, erythrocyte aggregation was found in hepatic sinusoid and cavitation was found in cytoplasm. Thereafter, organelles swelling reduced till resumed to normal. Conclusion Low-dose HIFU irradiation can make corresponding changes to the acoustic environment of rabbit liver.

As the change of medicine mode,measuring approaches of patient satisfaction have been widely focused on and become an important tool to improve the quality of medical service.This paper is aimed to analyze the latest development of patient satisfaction questionnaires including relevant content and methods by literature review.

Objective To investigate the effects of L-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutritional sup- port on nutritional status, immunity, and inflammatory response in patients with lung cancer following radical opera- tion. Methods Forty-two malnourished patients with lung malignancies who had undergone radical operations were randomly divided into PN plus group (n =22) and PN group (n = 20). From day 1 to day 5 after operations, parenteral nutrients with the non-proteinic calorfic value of 90 kJ · kg-1 d-1 and nitrogen 0.25 g · kg-1 d-1 were given. From day 2, liquid diets were provided to both groups, and L-glutamine particles (30 g) were provided to PN plus group. Peripheral blood specimens were collected before operation, on day 1, and on day 7 after the oper- ations to determine the serum levels of albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, T lymphocyte subgroup 3 (CD3), CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, and C-reactive protein. Results The levels of the serum transferrin [(2.29±0.34) vs. (2.15±0.42) g/L], prealbumin [ (0. 27±0.76) vs. (0.23±0. 84) g/L], CD4 (30.9%±2.2% vs. 28.9%±2. 3% ), CD4/CD8 (1.17±0.19 vs. 1.10±0. 81), IgG [(12. 94 2.08) vs. (11. 19±1. 95) g/L] were all significantly higher in the PN plus group than those in PN group on day 7 (P <0. 05) . The level of serum C-reactive protein was significantly lower in PN plus group than that in PN group on day 7 [(31.6±16.7) vs. (36.5±13.3) mg/L, P<0.05]. Conclusion Postoperative L-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition support can improve the nutritional status and immune function and reduce the acute inflammatory response in patients with lung cancer.

Objective To clone the full-length of human Gill cDNA and construct the recombinant lentiviral expressing vector pLOX-Gfil for eukaryotic expression,providing a basis for further study on the biological functions of Gfil.Methods Total RNA was isolated from K562 cells,and the full-length Gfil cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and then ligated with pGEM-T vector after retrieve and purification.The ligation product was transformed into competent cells DH5a.The positive recombinant clones were selected and identified by a complementation,restriction endonuclease digestion.The cloning vector and the lentiviral vector pLOX first digested with BarnH I were ligated and transformed.The enzyme and PCR analyses were performed to confirm the recombinant vector,and then DNA sequence analysis.Results A fragment of 1.2 kb was obtained by RT-PCR.The enzyme and PCR analyses revealed that the correct Gfil cDNA was cloned.The sequence of cloned cDNA was identical to the sequence deposited in GenBank (NM005263).Conclusion Gfil was cloned correctly and the recombinant lentiviral vector pLOX-Gfil for eukaryotic expression was constructed successfully.

Objective To investigate the effect of cortical 8-opioid receptor (DOR) on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced (OGD-induced) neuronal injury. Methods Primary cultured cortical neurons incubated with selective DOR agonist (TAN-67) and antagonist (naltrindole) or PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine, CHE) were exposed to OGD. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was detected after 24 h reperfusion. The expression levels of DOR were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with OGD group, TAN-67 significantly decreased OGD-indueed LDH release, and increased the expression levels of DOR, while nahrindole aggravated neuronal injury and decreased the DOR protein expression. CHE could abolish the LDH down-regulation induced by TAN-67 plus OGD (P< 0.05, compared with TAN-67 treated group). Conclusions DOR activation protects neurons against OGD injury. PKC might take part in the neuroprotection pathways of DOR.

Objective To observe the effects of low dose irradiation (LDR) on proliferation,adipogenesis and osteogenic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs).Methods hucMSCs were isolated from Wharton's jelly tissue of human umbilical cord by modified tissuepiece inoculation,and flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of specific marker in the hucMSCs.The hucMSCs were randomly divided into two groups:irradiation group undergoing irradiation with the doses 50,100,or 200 mGy respectively,and control group without irradiation.MTT method was applied to evaluate the proliferation of the hucMSCs at different time points with various doses irradiation.The third passage hucMSCs were randomly divided into two groups:irradiation group undergoing low dose irradiation of 200 mGy,and control group without irradiation,and then underwent induction by adipocytic and oesteocytic differentiation induction fluids respectively so as to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts.Oil red O staining was used to detect the activity of alkaline phophatase (ALP),and RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of core binding factor alpha 1 in human osteoblast.Results After 9-12days,fibroblasts began to swim out of the tissue piece with a confluence rate of 80% 2 weeks later.Within 7 days the absorption values of the hucMSCs undergoing different irradiation doses 2,3,4,5,and 6 days later were all significantly higher than those of the control group(F = 159.17,448.81,265.15,183.93,and 181.83 ,all P <0.01),with the proliferation rates of the 100 mGy subgroup being the highest.After being induced liquid,vacuoles were observed in the irradiated group 2 days later.21 days later,the adipogenic rates of irradiated group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t = 28.25,P <0.01).The ALP activity increased in the irradiated group compared with control group (t=16.87,P <0.01) .The expression level of Cbf-α1 mRNA was up-regulated obviously (t = 14.16,P＜0.01).Conclusions LDR promotes the proliferation of hucMSCs,and accelerates the hucMSCs' differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts.