Objective By investigating the actualities of career development potential of eight-year program medical students, to explore a direction of training mode innovation aiming to improve career development potential. Methods Eight-year program medical graduates, their tutors, and di-rectors of their clinical department in a university hospital were the subjects of the current study. Questionnaire method was applied to evaluate professional competence including clinical skills, re-search capabilities and integrative ability . Anonymous questionnaires were dispensed to eight-year program medical graduates for self-evaluation. Distinct anonymous questionnaires were dispensed to tutors directors for evaluation. Traditional doctoral graduates (professional degree or academic degree) were set as standard for comparison of specific ability of eight-year program medical students. Results 74 out of 85 (87%) questionnaires for Eight-year program medical graduates were available. 53 out of 63 (84%) questionnaires for tutors were available. 21 out of 26 (81%) questionnaires for directors of clinical departments were available. In clinical capabilities, according to 43 percent (32 persons) of the eight-year MD graduates' self-assessment and the evaluation of 94%(50 persons) mentors and 81%(17 people) department directors, eight-year program medical graduates were regarded as lower-skilled clinicians compared with doctoral graduates with professional degree . Eight-year program medical graduates were also considered with worse research capabilities than doctoral graduates with profes-sional degree by themselves (76%, n=56), their tutors (91%, n=48), and their department directors (86%, n=18). Conclusions The survey shows that to some extent, the current eight-year clinical doctoral graduates lack of career development potential, reflecting the current training mode cannot lead to the given training goals. We suggest that both clinical skills and research capabilities should be enhanced to make sure that eight-year program medical graduates deserve the title of academic physicianorphysician scientists.

Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Periodontitis ; complications ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Platelet Aggregation ; physiology ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; pathogenicity ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; metabolism ; Receptor, PAR-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Proteinase-Activated ; metabolism ; Receptors, Thrombin ; metabolism

Objective To observe the changes in activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in gingival tissue of a chronic periodontitis rat model in normoxia and hypoxia condition, and explore the role of MMP-2 in the development of high altitude periodontal diseases. Methods Thirty-two adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 each): normal control group (N group), normoxia periodontitis group (P1 group), hypoxia control group (H group) and hypoxia periodontitis group (P2 group). The chronic periodontitis rat model was reproduced in P1 and P2 group, and the rats were kept either in normoxia condition or hypoxia condition in a hypobaric chamber in which a condition simulating 5000 meter high altitude was established. Rats without periodontitis in N and H group were treated with the same conditions as control. The activation of MMP-2 in gingival tissue of rats in each group was measured by gelatin zymographic analysis. Results The grey values of activated MMP-2 in N, P1, H and P2 group were 13.72?6.22, 37.23?4.40, 14.45?6.51 and 45.44?4.79, respectively. The value was higher in H group than in N group, in P2 group than in P1 group (P

Objective To explore the alterations, relationship and clinical significance of CD4 +CD25 +CD127 low/ -
regulatory T cells ( Treg ) and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia ( AML) . Methods The level of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and Treg of untreated AML patients and com-plete remission( CR) patients were tested by flow cytometry,and were compared with that of 30 normal controls. Re-sults The proportions of Treg were much higher in untreated AML patients and CR patients than in normal con-trols, while the mean proportion of Treg in untreated AML patients was higher than that in CR patients(P<0. 05). The proportions of NK( CD3 -CD16 +CD56 +) cells in untreated AML patients and CR patients were both decreased compared with normal controls,and the mean proportion of NK cells in untreated AML patients was lower than that in CR patients(P<0. 05). Compared with the normal controls,the proportions of CD3 +T cell, CD4 +T cell,and the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + decreased in untreated AML patients ( P <0. 05 ) , but the proportions of CD8 +T cell was higher than in normal controls;the proportions of CD3 +T cell, CD4 + T cell, CD8 +T cell and the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + in CR patients were close to the proportions in normal controls, but there was significant difference between CR patients and untreated AML patients(P<0. 05). Conclusion The increase of Treg, CD8 +T cell and decrease of NK cells, CD3 +T cell, CD4 +T cell, and the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + in peripheral blood of patients with AML in-dicate that the immune function of patients with AML is depressed. Treg control the immune response of CD8 +T cells,at the same time inhibit the natural immune response of NK cells, playing a major role in the disorders of CD4 +T cells and CD8 +T cell balance,and closely relate with the development of AML. The immune treatment of patients with AML will be optimised by reducing the amount of Treg or removing the suppression function.

Objective To investigate the effects of source to image receptor distance (SID) on the image quality and entrance surface dose (ESD) in the chest digital radiography (DR) for infants.Methods Anthropomorphic chest phantoms were exposed to 60 kVp and different values of SID ( 150 -80 cm with the interval of 10 cm,totally 8 groups) so as to record the values of mAs and ESD.The SID values of 110 cm and 90 cm with the moderate and low ESD values were selected for clinical test.Forty-two hospitalized infants,aged 12 months (8 months to 2 years) underwent chest DR with the SID of 110 cm before admission and 90 cm before discharge respectively.The values of ESD were recorded and compared.Three experienced experts assessed the quality of 84 pieces of images.Results The values of mAs and ESD decreased gradually along with the decrease of the SID from 150 cm to 80 cm.All the 84 images from the 42 infants met the demands for diagnosis.There was no significant difference in the score of image quality of the group with the SID of 110 cm (4.4±0.3) and 90 cm(4.2±0.4) (t=0.453,P＞0.05).The value of ESD of the group with the SID of 90 cm was significantly lower than that of the group of SID of 110 cm by 0.003 4 mGy ( t =12.001,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The image quality of chest DR could meet the demands for diagnosis in spite of the value of SID,however,the SID value in chest DR significantly might influence the ESD.The SID value of 90 cm shoud be recommended in chest DR for infants.

Otitis media is a common problem in children, which may cause hearing loss and complications sometimes. This topic will review the definition, causes, types, clinical characteristics and treatments of each type of ear infections in children, by reading recently literatures. It is important to make an accurate diagnosis and choose a appropriate treatment of otitis media in children to avoid antibiotics abusing. Sometime some cases need operations, which are effective, especially in chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma, and we need further studying focuse on when do the operations and how to shoose them.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Otitis Media ; therapy

0.05).The activities degrees of ankle joint also had no statistical difference.[Conclusion]According to the extent of the displacement of Cotton's fracture,we should make the right operative order and the incision,thus we can get results with anatomic reduction and shorten the operative time,which can help the patients make early exercises and get satisfactory effect.

Objective To analyze CT findings of blunt laryngeal trauma (BLT) and evaluate the value of CT in the diagnosis of BLT. Methods CT diagnosis and treatment of 16 patients with BLT were reviewed. Results Soft tissue injuries were detected in five cases including swelling of the aryepiglottic folds, the false or true vocal cords and airway narrowing in four, and left cricoarytenoid dislocation and card paralysis in one. Supraglottic injuries in two cases including c fractures of the epiglottis in 2 and associated with a laceration of the aryepiglottic folds and the hypopharynx. Glottic injuries in four cases including ventricle fracture of the right thyroid ala in one and midline ventricle or comminute fractures of the thyroid cartilage in three, a square segment of cartilage was depressed into the larynx, and the true vocal cords and the anterior commissure were disrupted in one of this series. Subglottic injuries in five cases including cricoid ring fracture on the opposite side following a lateral force in one, with the fragment depressed into the larynx. Two showed marked comminution of the cricoid ring. Midline vertical fracture of the posterior cricoid plate associated with the laceration of the first tracheal ring in one, and one presented marked disruption of the right cricothyiod joint. Conclusion CT clearly shows the extent of cartilaginous injury and displacement, related soft tissue changes and the degree of resulting airway encroachment, and it may be successfully used to determine the need for open exploration and repair in selected cases of blunt trauma to the larynx.

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Huangqin Zhengqi Capsule(HZC)for the syndrome of damp retention in middle-jiao.Methods The rat model of damp retention in middle-jiao was established according to the literature.HZC was administered by gastric gavage in the dosage of 0.175,0.350 and 0.700 g/kg.After treatment,the serum gastrin content,small intestinal absorbency to D-xylose,small intestinal peristalsis,activities of gastric mucosal protective factors such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase(CAT)as well as gastric pathologic changes were observed.Results HZC can obviously increase serum gastrin content,increase small intestinal absorbency to D-xylose and peristalsis of small intestine,increase the activities of SOD and CAT,as well as improve the gastric pathologic changes in model rats(P

Collaborative Cross mice ( CC mice) are series of inbred mice strains generated from hybrid strains of mice with different genetic background which used for human complex diseases and genetic diversity diseases studies. Genetic diversity of CC mice can reflect different mouse subspecies, the single nucleotide polymorphism is four times than traditional inbred mice. CC mice are more and more widely used in the field of life science and medical research. Based on information retrieval of CC mice, we introduced the related information resources of CC mice origin, database, application tools, and research results, to promote CC mice resources to be used widely in China.