Objective To compare the surgical effects of transurethal enucleation of prostate (TUEP)with transurethal resection of prostate (TURP) by a retrospective analysis of clinical data.Methods The patients in this study were divided into the groups of TUEP (enrolled in 2010 and 2011,n =77) and TURP (enrolled in 2009,n =27) with prostate larger than 60 g and smaller than 60 g respectively.Comparisons were made between the two groups in operation time,blood loss volume and weight of resected prostate.Results In the group of patients with prostate larger than 60 g,there was no significant difference in prostate weight ((88.5 ± 9.2) g vs.(107.0 ± 15.30) g,P =0.255),operation time ((91.5 ± 8.8) min vs.(118.3 ± 20.2)min,P =0.083),and weight of resected prostate ((48.0 ± 4.6) g vs.(58.4 ± 5.4) g,P =0.32) between the TUEP (53 patients) and the TURP (12 patients) groups.There was significant difference in blood loss ((110.0 ± 16.4) ml vs.(193.3 ± 22.3) ml,P =0.011) between the two groups.In the group of patients with prostate smaller than 60 g,there was no significant difference in prostate weight ((43.1 ± 3.2) g vs.(36.8 ± 3.4) g,P =0.072),operation time ((62.7 ±6.8) min vs.(69.3 ±6.2) min,P =0.431),blood loss ((56 ± 5) ml vs.(110±20) ml,P=0.082),and weight of resected prostate ((26.3 ±2.4) g vs.(23.6 ±2.1) g,P =0.291) between the TUEP (24 patients) and the TURP (15 patients) groups.Conclusion Compared with TURP,TUEP has the advantages of less blood loss in the treatment of patients with prostate larger than 60 g.With the improvement of surgeon' s experience and development of operation techniques,TURP will be replaced by TUEP.In the treatment of patients with prostate smaller than 60 g,the operation modality can be chosen by the surgeon based on his experience and proficiency.

The contamination of extrinsic harmful contaminants including mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides, etc, brings serious risks to traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), further to human health. Due to their unique photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence properties, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) nanoparticles are widely used to immobilize bioprobes and biosensors, etc. In this review, the luminescence characteristics and specific ligands of QDs probles which are used to determine contaminants were summed up. Then, the applications of QDs-coated novel probes in the determination of mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides were discussed in detail. In addition, the contamination levels and characteristics of extrinsic harmful residues in TCMs were investigated. Further, the maximum levels of those contaminants in TCMs were compared with those set by various countries. Finally, the future development trends and problems of QDs-coated probes in the determination of those extrinsic residues in TCMs were prospected.
Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Nanotechnology ; instrumentation ; methods ; Quantum Dots ; Safety ; Time Factors

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Nickel ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUNDL-glutamate (L-GLU) is a major neurotransmitter in the nucleus ambiguus (NA), which can modulate respiration, arterial pressure, heart rate, etc. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of L-GLU microinjected into NA on gastric motility in rats.

METHODSA latex balloon connected with a pressure transducer was inserted into the pylorus through the forestomach for continuous recording of the gastric motility. The total amplitude, total duration, and motility index of gastric contraction waves within 5 minutes before microinjection and after microinjection were measured.

RESULTSL-GLU (5 nmol, 10 nmol and 20 nmol in 50 nl normal saline (PS) respectively) microinjected into the right NA significantly inhibited gastric motility, while microinjection of physiological saline at the same position and the same volume did not change the gastric motility. The inhibitory effect was blocked by D-2-amino-5-phophonovalerate (D-AP5, 5 nmol, in 50 nl PS), the specific N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, but was not influenced by 6-cyaon-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-(1H,4H)-dione (CNQX) (5 nmol, in 50 nl PS), the non-NMDA ionotropic receptor antagonist. Bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abolished the inhibitory effect by microinjection of L-GLU into NA.

CONCLUSIONSMicroinjection of L-GLU into NA inhibits the gastric motility through specific NMDA receptor activity, not non-NMDA receptor activity, and the efferent pathway is the vagal nerves.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; pharmacology ; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Glutamic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety of Ivor-Lewis procedure for middle and lower esophageal carcinoma in the elderly.

METHODSFrom June 2009 to June 2010, 232 cases aged over 60 years were diagnosed as esophageal carcinoma. These cases were randomly divided into two groups using table of random digits. One group underwent abdominal and right chest approaches for middle and lower esophageal carcinoma (Ivor-Lewis procedure, n=116). The other group underwent posterolateral left thoracal incisions(Sweet procedure, n=116). Intraoperative and postoperative parameters were compared.

RESULTSThe radical resection rates in Ivor-Lewis and Sweet procedure were 95.7% and 92.2% respectively(P>0.05). The time required for opening the thorax was(47.2 ± 5.2) min and (105.4 ± 9.3) min(P=0.000), respectively. The respiratory failure rates were 1.7% and 6.9%(P=0.049). The incidences of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia were 3.4% and 10.3%, respectively. The overall complication rates were 22.4% and 34.5%(P=0.004). The perioperative mortalities were 1.7% and 3.4%(P>0.05). The postoperative ambulation time was (4.0 ± 2.0)d and (4.8 ± 3.7)d(P=0.046). The postoperative time in hospital was (11.5 ± 4.7)d and (13.7 ± 7.8)d(P=0.008).

CONCLUSIONSIvor-Lewis procedure is associated with little damage to diaphragm, shorter intrathoracic operative time, minimal influence on cardiopulmonary function, less postoperative complications, and quicker recovery. This procedure should be considered as the first choice for middle and lower esophageal carcinoma in the elderly.

Aged ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Esophagus ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β(1)) gene-509C/T polymorphism and severe chronic periodontitis in Chinese Hans population.

METHODSTGF-β(1)-509C/T genotype polymorphism was analyzed in 102 patients with severe chronic periodontitis (periodontitis group) and 102 healthy controls (control group) by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

RESULTSThe distributions of TGF-β(1)-509C/T genotype and allele were significantly different between severe chronic periodontitis group and control group (P < 0.05). TGF-β(1)-509CC, CT and TT genotype frequency were 44.1% (45/102), 47.1% (48/102), 8.8% (9/102) in periodontitis group and 29.4% (30/102), 51.0% (52/102), 19.6% (20/102) in control group, respectively. The relative risk analysis found that C allele carriers had higher risk of suffering from severe chronic periodontitis compared with T allele carriers (OR = 1.718, 95%CI: 1.148-2.569).

CONCLUSIONSTGF-β(1)-509C/T polymorphism is associated with severe chronic periodontitis in Chinese Hans population, and C allele may be an important genetic susceptibility gene for severe chronic periodontitis.

Alleles ; Chronic Periodontitis ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the prognosis of full-term neonates with birth asphyxia usingneonatal behavioral and neurological assessment (NBNA). Methods A total of 326 full-term neonateswith birth asphyxia were evaluated using NBNA 12-14 days and 25-28 days after birth. The infants werefollowed up till 24 months old and a developmental assessment was made according to the CDCC Scalesof Infant Development. Results The incidence of developmental retardation (with mental developmentindex ≤69 or psychomotor development index ≤69) was significantly higher in the infants with NBNAscores ≤35 than in those with NBNA scores >35. Conclusion The NBNA score provides a valuablereference for prognostic evaluation of the full-term neonates with birth asphyxia, and may serve as asensitive indicator for cerebral lesions.

OBJECTIVESTo study the phenomena of hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration into the tissues of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) and to identify the integration sites in the host genome.

METHODSTen fresh HCCA samples were collected from the tissues by surgical ablation, 1 normal hilar bile duct sample selected as control. Cellular DNA were extracted by Wizard SV Genomic DNA Purification System. PCR-derived assay (HBV-Alu-PCR) was employed to amplify the viral-host junctions which contain the HBV sequence and the adjacent cellular flanking sequences. The PCR products were purified and subjected to sequencing by ABI-3730XL Auto DNA Analyzer. The sequence analysis of viral-host junctions was performed by DNASIS MAX 3.0 bioinformatics software. The insertion sites between viral and cellular sequences were identified through homology comparison using NCBI BLAST and MapViewer search.

RESULTSIn 10 HCCA samples, 5 were demonstrated to have HBV integration fragments with total 6 inserted sites identified. Sequence analysis from viral-host junction showed that HBV X gene inserted into host genome at random distribution with truncated fragments. HBV integration recurrently targeted the unknown region in upstream of CXXC finger protein-1 (CpG-binding protein) gene (4 cases). p53 tumor suppressor gene was also found at the integration site.

CONCLUSIONSThere is high integration rate of HBV DNA into cellular genome of HCCA. HBV integration is found frequently into or close to cancer-related genes. The findings demonstrate that HBV infection might have association with the pathogenesis of HCCA.

Aged ; Base Sequence ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; genetics ; virology ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; genetics ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Virus Integration

OBJECTIVETo explore the influences of orthodontic tooth movement on estrous cycle and estrogen in female rats.

METHODSTwo hundred female rats were divided into control group, one-time activation group, four-time activation group and sham-operated group. Each group was divided again into 4 sub-groups according to the different stage of the estrous cycle. The force-loading groups received repeated intermittent force. Serum estrogen was measured and the change of estrous cycle was recorded.

RESULTSThere were significant variations in the estrogen level among the groups which received mechanical force during the same stage of the estrous cycle (P < 0.01) and among the subgroups within each group (P < 0.05). These experimental treatments affected the estrous cycle of the rats in the groups received force in metestrus and diestrus.

CONCLUSIONSEstrus of rats was the appropriate time for the orthodontic force.

Animals ; Estrogens ; blood ; Estrous Cycle ; physiology ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tooth Movement Techniques

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of applying force during the different stages of estrous cycle on orthodontic tooth movement of rats, so as to offer an experimental princinple for women's orthodontic treatment.

METHODS80 female 3-month-old Wistar rats, which had a stable and five-day estrous cycle, were used. They were randomly divided into control groups and loading-force groups. Each group was divided again into 4 sub-groups according to the different stages of the estrous cycle. The loading-force groups received repeated intermittent orthodontic force for four times seperately during the same stage of the estrous cycle. The distance between upper incisor and the first molar on the left was measured. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA, S-N-K.

RESULTSThere were significant variations in the amount of tooth movement among the groups which received the mechanical force during the different stages of the estrous cycle (P <0.01). There were significant variations in the amount of tooth movement between the groups received force during pre-estrus and estrus (P <0.05). There were not significant variations between the groups received force during metestrus and diestrus (P > 0.05). The largest amount of tooth movement was in estrus group and smallest in pre-estrus one.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of tooth movement depended on which stage of estrous cycle was chosen to be the time of applying orthodontic force.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Estrous Cycle ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Molar ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tooth Movement Techniques