Objective To compare the surgical effects of transurethal enucleation of prostate (TUEP)with transurethal resection of prostate (TURP) by a retrospective analysis of clinical data.Methods The patients in this study were divided into the groups of TUEP (enrolled in 2010 and 2011,n =77) and TURP (enrolled in 2009,n =27) with prostate larger than 60 g and smaller than 60 g respectively.Comparisons were made between the two groups in operation time,blood loss volume and weight of resected prostate.Results In the group of patients with prostate larger than 60 g,there was no significant difference in prostate weight ((88.5 ± 9.2) g vs.(107.0 ± 15.30) g,P =0.255),operation time ((91.5 ± 8.8) min vs.(118.3 ± 20.2)min,P =0.083),and weight of resected prostate ((48.0 ± 4.6) g vs.(58.4 ± 5.4) g,P =0.32) between the TUEP (53 patients) and the TURP (12 patients) groups.There was significant difference in blood loss ((110.0 ± 16.4) ml vs.(193.3 ± 22.3) ml,P =0.011) between the two groups.In the group of patients with prostate smaller than 60 g,there was no significant difference in prostate weight ((43.1 ± 3.2) g vs.(36.8 ± 3.4) g,P =0.072),operation time ((62.7 ±6.8) min vs.(69.3 ±6.2) min,P =0.431),blood loss ((56 ± 5) ml vs.(110±20) ml,P=0.082),and weight of resected prostate ((26.3 ±2.4) g vs.(23.6 ±2.1) g,P =0.291) between the TUEP (24 patients) and the TURP (15 patients) groups.Conclusion Compared with TURP,TUEP has the advantages of less blood loss in the treatment of patients with prostate larger than 60 g.With the improvement of surgeon' s experience and development of operation techniques,TURP will be replaced by TUEP.In the treatment of patients with prostate smaller than 60 g,the operation modality can be chosen by the surgeon based on his experience and proficiency.

[Absrtact] Objective To investigate the effect of anatomic quantitative target evaluation of class-room teaching on students' professional knowledge learning ability. Methods Twenty-five international students of 6-year program of grade 2013 were chosen as the experimental group, while twenty-seven Chinese students coming from the same class of grade 2013 and fifteen international students of 6-year program of grade 2012 were chosen as two control groups; quantitative and non-quantitative evaluation were imple-mented respectively by classroom questions and answers; teaching effects were evaluated by scales in the separation of teaching and examination, by records of answers for in-class questions and by questionnaire survey; SPSS 20.0 was used to make statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test to com-pare the scores of three groups of students, P<0.05 indicates statistic significance. Results Compared with control groups, the accuracy of answers for class questions were improved greatly in the experimental group (2/3~3/4) vs. (1/2) and (2/3~3/4) vs. (1/2) and the average test scores (80.62±5.93) vs. (79.62±5.93) and (80.62 ±5.93) vs. (70.16 ±6.36) of the experimental group students were higher than control groups, the difference was statistically significant between the control group and the control group (P=0.045). Conclusions
Quantitative evaluation of teaching objectives in anatomy class can improve the learning attitude of foreign students and enhance their academic ability.

Objective: To explore the feasibility with the safety at peri-operative and early post-operative periods for left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with non-valvular atrial ifbrillation (AF).
Methods: A total of 17 non-valvular AF patients with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and CAHDS2 evaluation who received left atrial appendage occlusion in our hospital were summarized. The effect and complications during peri-operative and 1 month post-operative periods were analyzed.
Results: All 17 patients had successful operation without severe complications. There were 8 patients having small amount residual shunt by TEE examination, 2 having ecchymosis near the puncture point at peri-operative period and 3 having small amount of hydropericardium by peri-cardio ultrasound examination. At the average of 45 days follow-up study, only 3 patients had small amount residual shunt, no left atrium thrombus and hydropericardium were observed.
Conclusion: Left atrial appendage occlusion has the high success rate, it is safe during peri-operative and early post-operative periods in non-valvular AF patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Androsace umbellata.

METHODMany chromatography means were used in separation and purification, and the structures of all compounds were identified by the means of spectroscopic analysis and physico-chemical properties.

RESULT10 compounds were elucidated as kaempferol 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(1), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(2), kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(3), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranoside(4), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(5), kaempferol 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranoside(6), kaempferml 3-O-(4-O-acetyl-)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(7), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranoside(8), quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(9) and myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from the title plant for the first time.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Primulaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on serum leptin concentration and the metabolic parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

METHODSSerum leptin levels and true insulin (TI) levels were measured before and after one night nCPAP therapy in 18 patients. Eight patients received regular nCPAP treatment and had no change of body weight (BMI change < or = 1.5 kg/m2 from baseline) were recruited to the reassessment study 7.5 months after therapy.

RESULTSAfter one night use of nCPAP, there was a significant decrease in serum leptin [(8.47 +/- 0.62) microg/L vs (7.32 +/- 0.64) microg/L, P = 0.022] without change in other parameters. After 7.5 months of nCPAP treatment, serum leptin levels continued to decrease significantly without changes in BMI [(8.35 +/- 0.83) microg/L vs (6.05 +/- 0.78) microg/L; P = 0.036), and fast blood glucose (FBG) and true insulin (TI) also decreased significantly (P = 0.036) in OSAHS patients. However, triglyceral (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) maintained the pretreatment level (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOSAHS may have significant effects on the serum leptin levels and the correction of sleep disordered breathing by nCPAP can reduce the serum leptin levels. Decrease of leptin was independent of BMI change. The glucose metabolic disturbance and insulin resistance in OSAHS were improved after 7.5 months of nCPAP treatment.

Adult ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the roles of hypertension and serum leptin in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

METHODSTotally 60 patients with OSAHS (OSAHS group) and 40 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched non-OSAHS individuals (non-OSAHS group) were enrolled in this study. The neck circumference (NC), waist/hip rate (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), leptin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceral (TG), cholesterol (Chol), and true insulin (TI) were measured before and after sleep . The correlations between hypertension/serum leptin level and OSAHS were analyzed.

RESULTSThe blood pressure(in the morning), especially DBP was significantly higher in OSAHS group than in non-OSAHS control group (89.75+/-2.04) mmHg vs. (81.63+/-1.91) mmHg, P<0.01. DBP in OSAHS group was positively correlated with serum leptin and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (r=0.282, P<0.05; r=0.318, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI (P=0.029), heart rate in the morning (P =0.030), and leptin (P=0.049) were independently correlated with the development of hypertension.

CONCLUSIONSOSAHS may independently affect blood pressure, especially DBP, after waking up. BMIHR in the morning and serum leptin may be the independent correlates of hypertension.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; complications ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo observe effect and mechanism of n-Butanol lysate of alcohol extracts from Actinidia rufa root (monomer of R6,R8).

METHODTunel, Wright's stain with Giemsa's stain dyeing, and Hoechst 33258-PI double dyeing assay were used to detect the apoptosis of SGC7901 tumor cells treated with R6, R8. The SGC7901 tumor cells were randomly divided into control group and two treatment groups administered 0.05 g x L(-1) R6, R8, respectively, for 72 h). FCM assay was used to detect the apoptosis. Agarose electrophoresis assay was used to detect DNA strand break of tumor cells and reveal anti-tumor action mechanism.

RESULTThe apoptosis percentage of the tumor cell in 24 h, 48 h, 72 h was (17.08 +/- 2.78)% , (29.68 +/- 2.96)%, (52.46 +/- 3.81)%; (14.75 +/- 2.14)%, (27.35 +/- 3.79)%, (45.64 +/- 5.24)%, respectively, for the treatment group, significantly higher than that in the control group (1.94 +/- 1.55)%, (2.78 +/- 1.84)%, (11.8 +/- 2.79)% (P < 0.01) by tunnel assay. Wright's stain with Giemsa's stain dyeing assay, Hoechst 33258-PI and FCM double dyeing assay showed same action. R6 and R8 had the effect of inducing the DNA histogram of tumor cells (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe anti-tumor mechanisms may be associated with inducing the injury of DNA and stimulating apoptosis.

Actinidia ; chemistry ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo optimize the therapeutic programs for periarthritis of shoulder treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and kinetohterapy with orthogonal design method adopted.

METHODSThe orthogonal design table of L8 (2(7)) hierarchical principle was used to randomly divide 192 patients of periarthritis of shoulder into 8 groups, 24 cases in each one. Separately, 4 factors and each different 2 levels were adopted in treatment, named acupuncture timing (factor A: A, acute stage, A2 adhesion stage), acupoint combination (factor B: B, local acupoints, B2 local acupoints and distal acupoints along meridians), filiform needling and warm needling therapy (factor C: C1 acupuncture with filiform needle, CZ acupuncture with filiform needle and warm needling therapy) and positive functional exercise (factor D: D1 without positive functional exercise, D2 with positive functional exercise). The treatment was given once a day, 10 treatments made one session and 2 sessions were required totally. The time points of observation were the point after 1 session of treatment and after 2 sessions of treatment. The short-form McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and shoulder joint motor disturbance score were adopted for evaluation.

RESULTSIn the orthogonal design analysis, taking the hierarchical factors into consideration, the age was considered as the main factor in the evaluation of shoulder pain and shoulder motor disturbance (P<0.01), and the shoulder function grade apparently impacted pain evaluation and the efficacy on shoulder motor disturbance (P<0.01). The best combination of 4 factors and 2 levels were A1B1CzD2 and A2BC2D2. SAS statistical analysis showed that at acute stage and adhesion stage, CZ Dz , meaning acupuncture with fifiform needling and warm needling therapy combined with positive functional exercise, is the main factor of the improvements of shoulder motor function (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor periarthritis of shoulder at acute stage, the combined therapy of acupuncture at local acupoints, warm needling and positive functional exercise is adopted. At chronic stage, the combined therapy of acupuncture at local acupoints and distal acupoints, acupuncture with filiform needle and warm needling and positive functional exercise is the best program. Additionally, in clinical treatment, the patients' age, sex, shoulder joint function and duration of treatment should be considered comprehensively for the impacts on the efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Periarthritis ; therapy ; Shoulder Pain ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular mechanism of Qiangxin Fumai granule (QFG, an effective Chinese composite drug) in preventing and treating sick sinus syndrome (SSS).

METHODRabbit model of sinoatrial ischemia/reperfusion was established by occluding and loosening the root of right coronary artery. Effect of QFG on cell apoptosis was observed by TUNEL method, and its effect on apoptotic related gene Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas-L gene protein expression was observed by immunohistochemical method. Average light density values of the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas-L of SAN cells was determined by Imagepro Plus image analysis system.

RESULTSinoatrial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion could cause evident sinoatrial cell apoptosis, enhance Fas-L gene protein expression and obviously enhance Bax gene protein expression, reduce Bcl-2/Bax ratio. QFG could significantly down-regulate Fas-L and Bax gene protein expression, up-regulate Bcl-2/Bax ratio, significantly inhibit and block the sinoatrial cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONTo inhibit and block the event of cell apoptosis through regulating Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas-L gene protein expression in sinoatrial node after ischemia/reperfusion might be one of the mechanisms of QFG in preventing and treating sinoatrial ischemia/reperfusion injury of SSS.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Muscle Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the levels and significance of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of children with allergic rhinitis during pollen and non-pollen seasons.Methods Thirteen children with hay fever, 10 children with house dust mite(HDM)-allergic asthma and 10 healthy children were recruited into this study.Percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry.Levels of IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.Results (1) The percentages of Th17 cells in children with allergic rhinitis [(3.4±2.4)%] were significantly higher than those in HDM-allergic asthmatics [(2.1±1.6)%] and those in healthy children [(0.5±0.3)%] during pollen season (both P<0.05).The levels of Treg cells in allergic rhinitis group [(2.1±1.3)%] and in HDM-allergic asthma group [(3.6±1.9)%] were significantly lower than those in healthy control group [(5.5±2.8)%] (both P<0.05).The levels of Th17 cells [(3.0±1.9)% vs (3.4±2.4)%, P<0.05] and ratios of Th17/Treg cells [(1.4±1.0)% vs (1.7±1.5)%, P<0.05] in children with allergic rhinitis were significantly decreased during non-pollen season as compared with those during pollen season, but the levels of Treg cells were up-regulated [(2.4±1.6)% vs (2.1±1.3)%, P<0.05].(2) Correlation analysis revealed that the ratios of Th17/Treg cells were positively correlated with the concentrations of FeNO (fractional concentration of exhaled NO) (r=0.321, P<0.05) and the counts of circulating eosinophils (r=0.198, P<0.05) in children with allergic rhinitis during pollen season.Conclusion The imbalanced Th17 and Treg cells in children with allergic rhinitis during pollen season might play a vital role in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation.