Objective To evaluate the value of phased array probe of transesophageal echocardiography miniature (micro-TEE) in the neonatal and infant cardiac surgery intraoperation.Methods Micro-TEE probe was used in children with weight ≤5 kg undergoing cardiac surgery to detect the atrial and ventricular cavity size,the left and right ventricular outflow tract diameter were detected by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) 3-7 d after operation,and compared with the measured value immediately after the TEE.Results Before and after intubation,airway index not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Preoperative TEE and TTE inspection results were consistent with intraoperative diagnosis.Postoperative TEE measuring intracardiac structural data (each room,chamber size and left and right ventricular outflow tract diameter) and postoperative TTE measurement value representing the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Micro TEE intraoperative guardianship of low birth weight infants is safe and feasible,and can supplement and improve the preoperative diagnosis,and can accurately and timely evaluate postoperative curative effect.

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

Linalool, as a major volatile compound, is widely distributed in natural plant essential oil. In addition, it can also be artificially synthesized. Linalool is used frequently as an important ingredient of perfumes and household detergents. It is still employed in food flavor and industries. Besides, linalool has some positive effect on healthcare. Many studies have showed that linalool exhibited a variety of pharmacological activities, including analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-bacterial effects. Therefore, linalool will be a promising agent for clinical application. This article reviews the pharmacological effects and formulation studies of linalool so as to provide a theoretical basis for its further development and utilization.
Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Monoterpenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) combined dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic of intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients undergoing intervention, and their protection for brain Injury.

METHODSTotally 108 intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients undergoing intervention were randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture (EA) group and the control group according to random digit table, 54 in each group. All patients were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine. Patients in the EA group were needled at bilateral Neiguan (PC6), Lieque (LU7), and Yunmen (LU2). Parameter setting was as follows: The dilatational wave at 1. 5 Hz, strength 2 - 4 mA, 30 min. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were compared between the two groups immediately after entry into the room (T0), after administration (T1), intubating (T2), resuscitation (T3), extubation (T4), and leaving the operating room (T5). Levels of S100β protein (S100β) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were compared between the two groups at T0, immediately after surgery (T6), 6 h after operation (T7), 12 h after operation (T8), and 24 h after operation (T9).

RESULTSCompared with the same group at T0, SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR were significantly reduced in the two groups at T1-T5(P <0. 05), serum levels of S100β and NSE in the two groups were significantly increased at T6-T9 (P<0. 05). Compared with the control group at T1 - T5, SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR decreased in the EA group (P <0. 05). Compared with the control group at T6-T9, serum levels of S100β and NSE decreased in the EA group (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONTAES combined dexmedetomidine could effectively maintain stable hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients undergoing intervention, and regulate their serum levels of S100β and NSE.

Acupuncture Points ; Airway Extubation ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Injuries ; therapy ; Electric Stimulation ; Electroacupuncture ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment of inraspinal tumors.
The clinical data of 246 patients with inraspinal tumors who had undergone operations in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical Col ege between January 2010 and January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment and prognosis of inraspinal tumors were reviewed.
262 operations were performed, with posterior bilateral laminectomy approach in 202 cases, semi-laminectomy approach in 28 cases, laminoplasty approach in 10 cases, and lateral resection of extra-vertebral canal dumbbel shaped tumors in 22 cases. The short-term remission rate of the nerve root pain reached 95.0%(133/140), and the improvement rates of the sensory disability, motor disturbance, and sphincter dysfunction were 85.6%(125/146), 86.7%( 136/157), and 84.6(11/13) respectively. The ASIA nervous function scores and grades at the last fol ow-up were significantly superior to those before and 3 months after the operation in 236 patients.
Intraspinal tumors are mostly benign. The clinical appearance of them should be watched closely, and thorough physical check-up should be performed. MRI is the examination of choice at early diagnosis. The key to improve the treatment effects is to perform operations as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate the bid gene expression and cell death in brain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats and the effects of dexamethasone(DEX)on bid gene expression,so as to elucidate the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of DEX pretreatment on rats following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.Methods Twenty-four SD neonatal rats were divided randomly into hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD),normal,dexamethasone-pretreated and 9 g/L NaCl(NS)control group.The animal models of HIBD were made.Total RNA from ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere was extracted.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to evaluate the level of bid gene expression after hypoxia-ischemia.Cerebral apoptosis was determined by terminal-deoxynucleotidy transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results The levels of bid mRNA were higher in HIBD rats than those in normal rats.The number of positive apoptosis cells significantly increased in HIBD group(P

Objective To explore the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1(cIAP1)gene expression and Caspase-3 activity in brain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats and the influence of dexamethasone(DEX)on cIAP1 gene expression and Caspase-3 activity,so as to elucidate the possible mechanism of the neuro-protective effect of DEX pretreatment on rats following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.Methods Twenty-four SD neonatal rats were divided randomly into hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group(HIBD group),normal group(NS group),dexamethasone-pretreated group(DEX group)and 9 g/L NaCl control group(NS group).The animal models of HIBD were made.Total RNA from ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere was extracted.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to evaluate the level of cIAP1 gene expression after hypoxia-ischemia.Caspase-3 relative activity of brain tissue was determined by colorimetric assay.Results The levels of cIAP1 mRNA were lower in HIBD group than those in NS group.Caspase-3 relative activity significantly increased in HIBD group(P

Objective To explore the role of serum S-100B concentration of umbilical cord blood and blood on the 24 h after admission in the early diagnosis and development of newborn hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods Forty-six HIE newborns(31 cases with mild HIE and 15 cases with moderate and severe HIE)were selected as HIE group,and 43 normal full-term newborns were selected as control group.The umbilical cord blood sample and blood sample were aquired on the 24 h after admission.The serum S-100B concentration was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)analysis.Results 1.There was no significant difference of serum S-100B concentration between the male sub-group and female sub-group of normal group and their birth weight had no significant relative to the serum S-100B concentration.2.The serum S-100B concentration of umbilical cord blood of control group and HIE group were(1.03?0.32)and(2.53?1.1)?g/L,respectively,there was significant difference between two groups(t'=8.848 P

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nickel ; toxicity ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

Recent years, chemical constituents from spice volatile oils have gained worldwide concern owing to its multiple pharmacological effects and safety for using as the natural antibacterial agents. However, their poor dissolution, strong volatility, serious irritation, weak stability, easy oxidation and low bioavailability characteristics are the major obstacle in the preparation of effective oral formulation and practical application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to select a novel carrier system that can delivery the chemical constituents from spice volatile oils more efficiently with improving their stability as well as alleviating the irritation, and develop the functional food, health products and even medicine for exerting their pharmacological effects, which also is the focus and nodus of the research on their application. This review presents recent systematic studies on their novel carrier systems, including cyclodextrin inclusion complex, liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, solid dispersion and so on, and summarizes the characteristics, application range and problems of each novel carrier systems, in order to provide some beneficial thoughts in further developing new products of chemical constituents from spice volatile oils.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Spices ; analysis