OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on expression of interleu?kin-6 (IL-6) in human macrophages and explore its pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic mecha?nisms. METHODS Murine U937 macrophages were cultured and stimulated with 0.01-10μmol·L-1 of NE for 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h. The IL-6 mRNA level of 24 h was analyzed by RT-PCR, and IL-6 protein expression in the supernatant at 0, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h was detected by ELISA. After 24 h, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was observed by DCF fluorescence. The cells were pretreated with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), complexⅡinhibitor thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TIFA) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for 1 h, and stimulated with different concentrations of NE for 24 h, before the level of IL-6 protein was detected by ELISA. RESULTS The expression of IL-6 mRNA and protein increased with the concentration NE 0.01-10 μmol · L-1 and incubation time. IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in macrophages were 2.62 and 4.47-fold those in cell control group when treated with NE 1.0μmol·L-1 for 24 h. Meanwhile, as the concentration of NE increased, the generation of ROS was 1.87, 2.56, 2.91 and 5.36-fold that of cell control group (P<0.01). NAC 10 mmol · L-1 and DPI 10 μmol · L-1 significantly antagonized the effect of NE on IL-6 expression, but TIFA had no effect. CONCLUSION NE upregulates IL-6 expression, which may contribute to the formation and develop?ment of atherosclerosis via ROS mediated by NADPH oxidase in macrophages.

BACKGROUND:Precision attachment has been widely used in complete denture because of its strong retention, good appearance, comfort and durability. Among them, magnetic attachment and bal-cap attachment are commonly applied for mandibular complete denture.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effects of magnetic attachment, bal-cap attachment and traditional clasp retainer used in the mandibular removable partial denture.
METHODS:A total of 45 patients with dentition defects were included in this study, they were treated with magnetic attachment, bal-cap attachment and traditional clasp retention of mandibular removable partial denture. Fifteen patients received one means. The satisfaction of patients and the periodontal health of abutments were observed after 3 years.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Comparison of the patient satisfaction showed that, the aesthetics, retention conditions, masticatory function and comfort in magnetic attachment group were significantly better than traditional clasp retention group (P<0.05). The aesthetics and comfort in bal-cap attachment group were also better than traditional clasp retention group (P<0.05). There were significant differences on the retention conditions and comfort between magnetic attachment group and bal-cap attachment group (P<0.05). Gingival index was the highest in magnetic attachment group, then in bal-cap attachment group, and the lowest in traditional clasp retention group (P<0.05). The abutment tooth mobility degree was the lowest in magnetic attachment group, then in bal-cap attachment group, and the highest in traditional clasp retention group (P<0.05). The periodontal pocket depth in magnetic attachment group and bal-cap attachment group was lower than that in traditional clasp retention group (P<0.05). The alveolar bone height was the highest in magnetic attachment group, then in bal-cap attachment group, and the lowest in traditional clasp retention group (P<0.05). Experimental findings indicate that, precision attachment over-denture retention superior to traditional clasp removable partial denture in mandibular denture repairing. Magnetic attachment can provide better retention power and better protect the health of periodontal tissue compared with bal-cap attachment.

Objective To study the optimal timing of tracheotomy in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury who need ventilation for a long time . Methods A retrospective research on seventy-nine patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury who underwent tracheostomy in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 was conducted .The 79 patients were divided into two groups.The patients with a duration from intubation to tracheostomy less than or equal to 10 days were enrolled in group A , and the duration more than 10 days, group B.The duration of ventilation , the length of ICU stay , and the incidence rate of lung infection were compared between the two groups . Results The duration of ventilation in the group A (192 ±58) h was less than that in the group B (348 ±53) h (t=-12.490, P=0.000).The length of ICU stay in the group A (9.8 ±2.7) d was less than that in the group B (15.9 ±2.2) d (t=-11.058, P=0.000).The incidence of pneumonia in the group A (16.2%, 6/37) was lower than that in the group B (38.1%, 16/42,χ2 =4.686, P=0.030).Mechanical ventilation was successfully withdrawn in 34 and 38 cases of group A and B, without significant difference (χ2 =0.000, P=1.000). Conclusion Early tracheostomy in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury who need ventilation for a long time could shorten the duration of ventilation and the length of ICU stay , and decrease the incidence of pneumonia .

Objective To observe the effects of all-tram retinoic acid(ATRA)on intercellular communication function and connexin 43 expression in acute leukemia bone marrow stromal cells(ALBMSCs).Methods ALBMSCs were cultured in vitro,and the ATRA(1?10~(-5)mol/L)was added after serial subcultivation.The expression level of Cx43 was detected by immunochemistry and flow cytometry, and the gap junction intercellular communication(GJIC)was examined by using cell scarification with dye transfer(CSDT)technique.Re- sults Before and after addition of ATRA,the positive rates of Cx43 expression as detected by immunochemistry in ALBMSCs were(47.2?2.04)% and(54.5?5.86)%,respectively.The positive rates of Cx43 expression in ALBMSCs as detected by flow cytometry before and after the addition of ATRA were(38.75?23.95)% and(49.5?5.46)%,respectively.The expression of Cx43 in ALBMSCs after adding ATRA was significantly higher than that before the addition of ATRA(P

Objective To study the causes of early death of patients with acute severe cervical spinal cord injury.Methods A retrospective analysis was done on 78 cases of acute severe cervical spinal cord injury,who were treated in our hospital between January 2003 and December 2007.The patients were divided into death group and survival group(survived more than 30 days after the injury).The clinical data including age,level of spinal cord injury,time of injury and admission,surgical treatment,duration between injury and surgery,neurogenic shock,central hyperthermia,hyponatremia,serum level of albumin,percentage of lymphocytes in serum,tracheotomy,and pulmonary infection,were recorded and analyzed. Results The proportion of high-level spinal cord injures(C1-C4) in death group(8/9) was significantly higher than that in the survival group(49/69,?2=18.086,P=0.000).Whereas the duration between injury and surgery in the death group was significantly shorter than that in the survival group(1-12 d,median 2 d vs 1-39 d,median 3 d;Z=-2.664,P=0.008).In the death group,4 of the 9 patients had neurogenic shock,and 4 developed hyponatremia,which were significantly more than those in the survival group(6/69,?2=12.392,P=0.000;19/69,?2=4.526,P=0.033).The percentage of peripheral lymphocyte on admission was(11.84?5.80)% in the death group,which was significantly lower than that of the survival group(19.17?16.64)%(t=-4.006,P=0.000).In the death group,7 patients received tracheotomy,and 8 patients showed pulmonary infection,the proportions were significantly higher than those in the survival group(10/69,?2=29.749,P=0.000;and 15/69,?2=17.266,P=0.000).Conclusions Several factors,including high-level injury(C1-C4),neurogenic shock,pulmonary shock,and tracheotomy,may cause the death of patients with acute severe cervical spinal cord injury in an early stage.

Objective To investigate the relevant factors of early stage hyponatremia in patients with complete cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). Methods A retrospective study was conducted in consecutive 49 individuals with complete CSCI from January 2010 to December 2015.The diagnostic criteria for hyponatremia was two consecutive tests (interval <24 h) of serum sodium <135 mmol/L.Twenty-six patients with hyponatremia were classified as hyponatremia group , and the other 23 patients without hyponatremia were classified as control group .Ten factors were included in the univariate analysis: age, gender, the highest level of CSCI , the degree of CSCI , the blood albumin when transferred to ICU , the serum sodium when transferred to ICU , the use of glucocorticoid , the incidence of neurogenic shock , the average daily urine output , and the average daily liquid balance .The variables with significance (P<0.05) in the univariate analysis then entered stepwise logistic regression analysis .The optimal critical point of the continuous variables with statistical significance in the univariate analysis was determined by drawing the receiver operator characteristic curve . Results There were differences in two variables between the two groups ( P<0.05 ) .The incidence of neurogenic shock before the occurrence of hyponatremia was 57.7% ( 15/26 ) in the patients with hyponatremia and 26.1% ( 6/23 ) in the patients without hyponatremia(χ2 =6.516,P=0.011).The average daily urine output was (2225 ±389) ml in the patients with hyponatremia and (1936 ±289) ml in the patients without hyponatremia (t=2.924,P=0.005).The stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that these two factors may be the independent relevant factors (OR =13.708 and 0.996, P =0.004 and 0.002, respectively).The receiver operator characteristic curve demonstrated the average daily urine output more than 2331 ml was the optimal critical point . Conclusion The neurogenic shock and the average daily urine volume more than 2331 ml are the independent relevant factors of early stage hyponatremia in patients with complete CSCI .

BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have demonstrated that the use of periodontal tissue-guided regeneration technique significantly elevated success rate of immediate technical planting. No significant difference is detected as compared with the delayed planting success rate in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of immediate implant and delayed implant in the restoration of anterior teeth. METHODS:A total of 100 cases with former dental implants, who had 160 diseased teeth, were enroled in this study. They were divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of random pairing. In the experimental group, the implant was put into the extraction sockets after minimaly invasive tooth extraction with the use of periodontal guided tissue regeneration technique. In the control group, at 3 months after minimaly invasive tooth extraction, implant was implanted in the sockets. Delayed planting repair of denture in the missing teeth area was performed with the use of periodontal guided tissue regeneration technique. Crown restoration was conducted in both groups at 3 months after implantation. Aesthetics, periodontal pocket depth and implant success rate were compared after repair in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gingival esthetics score was better at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after repair in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Periodontal pocket depth was less at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after repair in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in success rate of implants was detected at 12 months after repair between both groups (P> 0.05). Above findings confirmed that aesthetic effect, treatment cycle, and the health of periodontal tissue were better in the immediate implanting group than in the delayed implanting group. However, no significant difference in success rate was detected between immediate implanting and delayed implanting groups.

BACKGROUND:A large amount of apicocoronal and buccolingual bone resorption occur in alveolar bone after tooth extraction, leading to the distinct shortage of bone mass of alveolar bone in tooth-missing area, which has a certain effect on the stability of early implantation and postoperative aesthetic outcomes and greatly affects the long-term success rate of denture implantation. Therefore, immediate-delayed implantation can shorten the time of repair. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of implant repair after immediate-delayed implantation and application of guided bone regeneration technique in anterior maxila area. METHODS:Nineteen patients (28 teeth lost) with maxilary anterior tooth loss and labial one-waled bone defects were selected. Twenty-eight OSSTEM implants were implanted at 4 weeks after tooth extraction. Guided bone regeneration technique was applied concurrently in labial bone defect area. The secondary repair was performed after 6 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The success rate of these 28 implants was 100% at 24 months after denture implantation. The peri-implant bone height loss at 6, 12 and 24 months was 0.1, 0.6 and 0.11 mm, respectively. Red aesthetic scores were satisfactory. Immediate-delayed implantation combined with application of guided bone regeneration technique for treatment of maxilary anterior tooth loss and mild bone defect can restore the height and width of peri-implant bone and acquire stable vertical bone resorption and satisfactory gingival aesthetic outcomes .

Establishment and improvement of rules and regulations will benefit to the management of research institutions.A comprehensive,fair,reasonable,and workable rules and regulations are the basic guarantee for maintaining the orderly,steady,and sustainable development of the institutions.It is also help to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of all members of the institutes.In this paper,we use an example of a construction of rules and regulations in the military medical research Institutions,to analyze current information and posted suggestions on the rules and regulations formulation principles,making procedure,overall framework and main innovation for the future improvement and implementation of rules and regulations.