The teaching of the Fermentation Engineering Experiment in normal university must serve for the basic education,placing students' creative spirit and practical ability in the first place.Therefore,teaching reform of the Fermentation Engineering Experiment under the background of new curriculum reform of basic education should be studied from the curriculum content,teaching methodology,training pattern and as-sessment system,in order to cultivate the normal-university students' research ability,working attitude,crea-tive and teaching ability.

The present work is to investigate the chemical constitutions of Hyptis rhomboidea and their antifungal activities. The compounds were isolated by Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-Gel CHP-20, RP-18, PTLC and silica column chromatographic methods and subjected to evaluate some monomers antifungal activity of eight kinds of plant pathogenic bacteria. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as ethyl caffeate (1), ursolic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), vanillactic acid (4), methyl rosmarinate (5), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), ilexgenin A (8), beta-amyrin (9), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astrgalin, 10) and cholest-5-ene-3beta, 4beta-diol (11). Compound 1 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with the MIC 16.2 mg x L(-1), and compound 5 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on S. minor and Exserohilum turcicum with MIC 16.2, 8.1 mg x L(-1), respectively. All compounds were isolated from the H. rhomboidea for the first time, and compounds 1 and 5 showed antifungal activity.
Antifungal Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fungi ; drug effects ; Hyptis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

ObjectiveTo explore the value of differential diagnosis between pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in active stage with clinic and ultrasound. MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the characters of clinic and ultrasound of sixteen patients with PVNS and sixteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis inactive stage.ResultsIn aspects of patient’s age (T=185), pain scores (T=136) history of trauma (P=0.029), functionally uncompensated conditions (P=0.001) type (P=0.000) and sum (P=0.000) of involved joints、bright spot-echoes in hydrops (P=0.001) tendons nearby involved (P=0.001) and the Adler’s grade of Doppler ultrasound blood flow (P=0.009), the differences between PVNS and RA in active stage had statistical significance (P<0.05). Clinic characters: patients with PVNS were younger, often had a history of trauma. But patients with RA in active stage had a higher pain score and functionally uncompensated condition. Ultrasound characters: big and single joints were often involved in patients with PVNS, and tiny bright spot echoes could be detected in hydrops. Instead, big and small, multiple joints, tendons nearby were often involved in patients with RA, who had a higher ratio of gradeⅢ Doppler ultrasound blood flow. And in aspects of sex, the presence of hydrops and synovium thickness, the differences between the two had no statistical significance (P>0.05).ConclusionThe clinical characters including Patient’s age, pain scores, history of trauma, functionally uncompensated conditions, and the characters of ultrasound including type and sum of involved joints, bright spot echoes in hydrops, tendons nearby involved and the Adler’s grade of Doppler ultrasound blood flow, are helpful for the differential diagnosis of PVNS and RA in active stage.

Objective To explore the change of apoptosis factor Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in the injured segment of rat with spinal cord injury after inhibiting lentivirus expression of inflammation factor TNF-α. To study the relationship between Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and TNF-α in spinal cord injury. Mthods Spinal cord contusion model was prepared by Allen method. The relation between tumor necrosis factor alpha and Bcl-2, was predicted by the method of GeneMANIA bioinformatics. The RNA which was packaged by lentivirus constructed the RNA interference model of tumour necrosis factor alpha. After interference of tumor necrosis factor alpha, we used the method of QRT-PCR to assays the mRNA expression of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in spinal cord and detect of the localization of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis with SPSS17.0. Results SD rats had paraplegia and urinate retentaion because of spinal cord injury. The result of QRT-PCR showed that in the seventh day after SCC, the expression of Caspase-3 reduced significantly (P < 0.05) and Bcl-2 did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry experiment results showed that Caspase-3 Bcl-2 and Bax immunoreactive cells were observed in the neurons and glial cells of both white matter and gray matter in the spinal cord. The results were the same with QRT-PCR.. Conclusion TNF-α in rats after SCC can effectively regulate the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax , and then regulate the expression of Caspase-3 , which may affect the function of apoptosis and function recovery after spinal cord injury.

Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly synthesized and secreted by adipocytes in the white adipose tissue, and it can lower the blood glucose level and increase free fatty acid oxidation. In the current study, we developed the globular domain of adiponectin (gapM1) to treat type II diabetes. In both flask and fermentor, we cultivated Pichia pastoris expressing recombinant gapM1 and established the purification procedure by using gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. To evaluate the biological activity of recombinant gapM1, we used rat type II diabetes model fed high-fat diet in combination with low-dose STZ (Streptozocin) induction. We purified 200 mg gapM1 with purity of 96% from 10 liters of supernatant. The recombinant gapM1 significantly lowered blood glucose (34.2%), serum triglyceride (79.6%) and total cholesterol (62.1%) in type II diabetes induced rat. Therefore, the recombinant human gapM1 is successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris and effectively treated type II diabetes in rat models.
Adiponectin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the small fiber-evoked dorsal root reflex (DRR) can be obtained by electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve in rats. Fifty-one DRRs were recorded from different kinds of fiber filaments in the proximal ends of the cut L(5) dorsal root following electrical stimulation of the sural nerve. According to the kind of afferent fibers in the sural nerve associated with the DRRs from dorsal root, these DRRs were divided into five different types: A(alphabeta) fiber-evoked A(alphabeta).DRR (A(alphabeta)- A(alphabeta).DRR), A(betadelta) - A(delta ).DRR, A(betadelta)-C.DRR, A(alphabetadelta)-C.DRR and C-C.DRR. The results obtained show that the DRR can be obtained from either A-fibers (including A(delta )-fibers) or C-fibers of dorsal root filaments by stimulation of the sural nerve. It is therefore suggested that either A(delta ).DRR or C.DRR can be used as a validity index of presynaptic inhibition of the thin primary afferent terminals for investigation of the modulation mechanisms of peripheral effectors.
Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Male ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ; physiology ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex ; physiology ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; physiology ; Sural Nerve ; physiology

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management (TVHSIM) is an essential form of China's two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level.Its main purpose,also one of the target goals in China's new healthcare reform,is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources.This study aims to assess the village doctors' satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM.A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed.Descriptive analysis,independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors' personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales.Village doctors with different years of practice,social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels (all P＜0.05).Age (P＜0.05) and years of practice (P＜0.01) were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management.Essential medical knowledge level (P＜0.05) was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well.However,social insurance status (P＜0.05) was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management.Gender,age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors' satisfaction with TVHSIM (P＜0.01).In conclusion,in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China,a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed.In addition,the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced.Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of bushen tiaogan qingxin recipe (BTQR) on Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD), monoamine meurotransmitter and endocrinal function in patients with climacteric depression, and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSPatients were randomly divided into two groups, the 25 patients in the treated group treated with BTQR and 15 patients in the control group treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The HAMD scoring, levels of 5-HT, NE in plasma, serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined before and after treatment, and the thickness of endometrium was measured by B-Doppler ultrasonographic technique.

RESULTSThe total effective rate, evaluated by the HAMD score reducing rate, in the treated group was 87.2%, and in the control group was 67.3%, showing significant difference (P<0.05). After treatment, 5-HT decreased (P<0.01), NE increased (P<0.05) and 5-HT/NE ratio lowered (P<0.01) in the treated group; E2 increased in both groups; FSH, LH and FSH/LH ratio decreased in the treated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), FSH/LH ratio decreased in the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of endometrium increased in the control group after treatment (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of BTQR in treating climacteric depression might be related with its actions in: (1) To regulate the synthesis and release of monoamine neurotransmitter; (2) To adjust reproductive endocrine function; (3) To coordinate the neuroendocrinal function.

Climacteric ; Depression ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Postmenopause

Objective To evaluate the development of the sphincter muscle complex(SMC)and defecation function in pediatric patients with congenital anorectal malformations(ARM).Methods A total of 64 children underwent MRI,among whom 39 were patients with ARM,and the others were patients without ARM undergoing MRI because of other dieases.The dimensions of the SMC in different planes were evaluated with different sequences and coils.The relationship between the SMC development and the defecation function was investigated.Results In control group,the absolute value of SMC width was (3.63?0.22)mm,which had a high correlation with age(r=0.998,P0.05).The SMCs in intermediate ARM patients[muscle index(MI)=0.47?0.05]and low ARM patients(MI=0.49? 0.05)were well developed.The SMCs in a portion of patients with high ARM(MI=0.28?0.06)were poorly developed,when MI≤0.18,anorectal contraction pressurewas significantly lower(t=3.55, P0.18[(0.85?0.20)vs(2.24?1.02)kPa].The length of anal canal with high-pressure[(10.88?3.64)vs(20.26?4.34)mm]was shorter(t=5.18,P0.18,the anorectal angle was less than 90 degrees,and normal continent function was found in 21 of 23 cases(91%).Conclusion MRI can be employed to evaluate the development of SMC in patients with ARM,MI was an objective criteria to evaluate the development of SMC.When MI≤0.18, maldevelopment of SMC will be highly suspected.