Biomedical Research ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Eczema ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and to define some preventive strategies for fall injury (FI). METHODS: The medical records of patients admitted following a fall from a certain height between August 1996 and July 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 138 patients were assessed, with a mortality of 31.2%. The male-to-female ratio was 3.5:1. The persons between 20 and 59 years old were the main victims (81.8%), of which 52.2% were related with their work altitude. The remaining adults fall because of, accidents in daily life, suicide attempts, drug abuse, alcohol, or criminal behavior. There were significant differences between the death group and the survival group in the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) value (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Six children fall from balconies, open windows or roofs. There were significant differences for the height of fall and RTS value in aged group than those in children, adolescents, and adults (P<0.001, 0.005, 0.05; and P<0.05, 0.01, 0.05, respectively). The mortality of FI was significantly correlated to the height of fall (r=0.897, P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Male adults are the main victims, especially the workers at high altitudes. The mortality of FI is significantly correlated to the height of fall. The preventive strategies developed through analyzing the risk factors of fall in different age groups might reduce the injuries and deaths following fall.

OBJECTIVE An UPLC method in vitro was established for simultaneous determination of seven active components in Qianyang Yuyin prescription, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, loganin, stilbene glucoside, cyasterone, cinnamic acid and harpagoside.METHODS The analysis was performed on an Waters H-Class UPLC C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) eluted with a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution system at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.The detective wavelength was set at 250nm, the column temperature was maintained at 30℃ and the injection volume was 2 μL.The 7 main chemical compounds in Qianyang Yuyin prescription were determined by UPLC.RESULTS The linear relationship of the 7 chemical constituents in Qianyang Yuyin Prescription were good in their respective concentration ranges(r>0.997 5), The average recoveries were 95.8%~103.75%, the RSD of average recovery were 0.1%~1.0%, the RSD of precision were 0.10%~0.56%, the RSD of stability were 1.25%~9.04% and the RSD of reproducibility were 1.01%~3.24%.CONCLUSION The new established method in Qianyang Yuyin prescription was simple, accurate and reliable, which will supply instruction and reference to the internal Pharmacokinetics of Qianyang Yuyin prescription in the late works of this issue.

Objective: To study Chinese herbal prescription for treatment of eczema on the basis of the suppressive effect of Chinese herbal medicine with type Ⅳ allergic reaction. Methods: Various formulae composed of Chinese herbal medicines possessing suppressive effect on murine allergic contact dermatitis were formed following the therapeutic principles of traditional Chinese medicine in treating eczema, and their effect on ear swelling, ear flake weight, dermal inflammatory infiltration cell count and plasma level of calcitonin gene related peptide ( CGRP) were examined in mice with dinitrofluorobenzene induced dermatitis. The prescription, Composite Poria Decoction was formulated and made into granule form, which was used to treat 63 cases of eczema (atopic dermatitis was excluded), and compared with 59 cases treated with antihistaminic that was aimed at the type I allergic reaction. Results: Experimental study showed that all the 4 Chinese prescriptions had the effect of anti-type Ⅳ allergic reaction, among them, the formula for cooling blood and removing Heat, Wind and Dampness evil possessed the most potent effect in suppressing murine dermatitis, and it was also able to up-regulate the plasma CGRP concentration. The clinical cure rate of Composite Poria Granule treatment was 47.6%, and that of the control was 22.0%. The difference was significant between the two groups (u=2.9555, P<0.01). Conclusions: Chinese herbal medicine has the effect of anti-type Ⅳ allergic reaction. Composite Poria Granule has good effect in treating eczema.

AIMTo investigate the effect of iguratimod (T-614), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on TNFalpha mRNA expression and TNFalpha production, and on the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383) activated by LPS.

METHODSNR8383 cells were pretreated with T-614 (13.4, 26.7, 53.4 micromol x L(-1)), then were stimulated with LPS. The production of TNFalpha in the supernatant of NR8383 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The TNFalpha mRNA level was determined by a semi-quantitative PCR assay. Assessment of the NF-kappaB DNA binding activity was performed by an ELISA kit.

RESULTST-614 inhibited LPS-stimulated mRNA expression and production of TNFalpha in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as the activity of NF-kappaB. The IC50 value of effect of T-614 on TNFalpha level was 26.2 micromol x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe inhibitory effect of T-614 on the production of TNFalpha in LPS-stimulated NR8383 cells may be mediated by suppression of NF-kappaB activity.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between Nanog-promoted metastasis of breast cancer and ezrin(T567) phosphorylation, and explore the possible mechanism by which Nanog regulates ezrin(T567) phosphorylation.

METHODSA siRNA construct targeting Nanog was transfected in breast cancer cells to knock down Nanog expression, and the changes in the cell invasion was detected using Transwell assay. The expression levels of Nanog and PKC and the phosphorylation level of ezrin(T567) were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining; the protein interaction between PKCε and ezrin was assayed by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting.

RESULTSNanog knockdown significantly decreased the expression of PKCε protein, phosphorylation level of ezrin(T567) and the invasion ability of breast cancer cells. PKCε knockdown obviously decreased the phosphorylation level of ezrin(T567) in the cells, and PKCε and ezrin were co-immunoprecipitated.

CONCLUDIONSNanogcan can upregulate the expression of PKCε to promote the phosphorylation of ezrin(T567), which can be a new mechanism by which Nanog promotes tumor metastasis.

Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Homeodomain Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nanog Homeobox Protein ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C-epsilon ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Up-Regulation

Currently, pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) as practiced in many developed countries is different from ours in China. Chinese pediatric emergency medicine is just children's internal medicine and does not include general surgery, ear-nose-throat, etc. If children have an emergency condition that require specialized treatments they need to go to different departments. However in Canada, the pediatric emergency physicians will first treat the patients whatever the condition, then, if it is a complicated sub specialty problem, they will consult the specialist or let the patient see the specialist later. In addition, resuscitation is done in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China, but it is done in the emergency room in Canada. This article compares the differences in the pediatric emergency systems in Canada and China and also introduces the international standard system of pediatric triage.
Canada ; Child ; China ; Emergency Medicine ; education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Pediatrics ; education ; Triage

OBJECTIVETo study if programmed death-ligand 1 (PL-L1) expression in breast cancer cell activates PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in dendritic cells to inhibit dendritic cell maturation.

METHODSHuman monocytes were induced to differentiate into immature dendritic cells using GM-CSF and IL-4, and further to mature dendritic cells using TNF-α. PD-L1-expressing breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was co-cultured in contact with the dendritic cells to observe the effects of the breast cancer cells on the maturation of the dendritic cells. A PD-L1 blocking antibody was applied to the co-culture, and the changes in the inhibitory effect of the MDA-MB-231 cells on dendritic cell maturation was observed. TNF-α-induced dendritic cells were treated with a recombinant human PD-L1 protein to study the effect of PD-L1/PD-1 pathway activation on the maturation of dendritic cells. The expression of PD-L1 in MDA-MB-231 cells and the dendritic cell maturation marker HLA-DR and CD83 were analyzed using flow cytometry.

RESULTSMDA-MB-231 cell line showed PD-L1 positivity on the cell membrane cells at a rate as high as (99.7∓0.15)%. In mature dendritic cells, the positivity rates for HLA-DR and CD83 were (88.8∓6.96)% and (18.36∓3.07)%, respectively, but in the co-culture system, the positivity rates of the dendritic cells were significantly decreased to (42.76∓10.52)% (P<0.01) and (9.93∓2.74)% (P<0.05), respectively, indicating that MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited the maturation of dendritic cells. Following treatment with a PD-L1 antibody isotype control, the percentages of HLA-DR- and CD83-positive cells in the co-culture were (45.17∓10.19)% and (10.15∓2.54)%, which were significantly increased to (63.46∓1.72)% and (16.46∓2.58)% after treatment with PD-L1 antibody, respectively (both P<0.05). Compared with the mature dendritic cell controls, the cells treated with the recombinant human PD-L1 protein exhibited significantly lowered percentages of HLA-DR-positive [from (84.23∓4.18)% to (2.56∓2.39)%, P<0.05] and CD83-positive cells [(87.26∓1.54)% to (60.67∓1.63)%, P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONThe effect of PD-L1 antibody therapy on triple negative breast cancer can be partially mediated by blocking PD-L1 expression on breast cancer cell membrane, which attenuates the inhibition of dendritic cell maturation in the cancer microenvironment.

[Objective]To ascertain the drug resistance for pulmonary tuberculosis in Taizhou City, and to provide basis for tuberculosis prevention and control strategy. [Methods] The sputum samples were collected form 267 smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients who registered in a drug susceptibility testing (DST) monitoring site in Taizhou City form 2015 to 2017. Then with culture, identification of Mycobacterium and DST for 9 anti-tuberculosis drugs [isoniazid (INH) , rifampicin (RFP) , ethambutanol (EMB) , streptomycin (SM) , kanamycin (KAM) , ofloxacin (OFX) , crinkledmycin (CPM) , promethylamine (PTO) and para amino salicylate (PAS) ] by using proportion method performed on all sputum specimens. [Results]Of the 267 smear positive cases, 220 were cultured with 190 culture positive (17 were identified as nontuberculous mycobacterial infections) , 28 culture negative, and 2contaminated. Among 160 cases with the result of DST to 9 drugs, the overall drug resistance rate was22.5％. The overall drug resistance rates were 21.4％ and 33.3％ in the newly diagnosed patients and retreated patients respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The multidrug resistance rate was 3.1％, and had a significant difference between the new and retreated patients (0.7％ vs. 26.7％, P<0.01). Drug resistances rates of the 9 drugs ranged from high to low as:INH (8.1％) , PTO (8.1％) , SM (6.9％) , RFP (6.3％) , OFX (2.5％) , PAS (2.5％) , EMB (2.5％) , CPM (2.5％) and KAM (2.5％). There was no gender difference found in drug resistance rates (P> 0.05). Neither was there age difference (P> 0.05). [Conclusion] The epidemic of drugresistant of tuberculosis in Taizhou City are still high, especially that of acquired multi-drug resistance of tuberculosis. We must continue to improve the "three-in-one"management model, improve the quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and strengthen community medication management.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of vaccination in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was performed in 148 children in Hunan province, China who were registered in China's Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Comprehensive Response Information Management System up to December 31, 2016 and were aged <15 years at the time of confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. The information on vaccination, diagnosis of HIV infection, and diagnosis and treatment of related diseases was collected. RESULTS: Of the 148 children with HIV infection, there were 70 boys (47.3%) and 78 girls (52.7%); 140 children had an age of 3.8 (0.2-14.8) years at the time of confirmed diagnosis, and 8 children refused to answer this question. Mother-to-child transmission was found in 133 children (91.7%), blood transmission in 1 child (0.7%), and unknown in 14 children (9.5%). Of the 148 children, 129 (87.2%) received antiviral therapy and 19 (12.8%) did not receive such treatment. The vaccination rates of hepatitis B vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, poliomyelitis live attenuated vaccine and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine ranged from 70.9% to 77.7%, which was significantly lower than the national level (≥97%); the vaccination rates of the other vaccines in the National Immunization Program gradually decreased with age. No severe adverse effects were reported after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Mother-to-child transmission is the main route of HIV infection in Chinese children. The diagnosis of children with HIV infection is significantly delayed, with low vaccination rates. Efforts should be made to strengthen early diagnosis, early treatment and vaccination in children with HIV infection, in order to improve their quality of life.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Female ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Vaccination