Objective To explore the difference of the risk factors among the rural residents with hypertension with different social economic levels.Methods Risk factors survey were conducted in 469 new cases with hypertension(aged over 35) with different economic-social levels in Jizhou city,Hebei province using self-made questionnaire,2799 people(aged over 35) as the controls.The results were analyzed with Logistic regression analysis.Results OR of the risk factors in higher economic level group were:family history of hypertension(2.863),body mass index(BMI,1.286),preserved foods(1.263),the amount of eggs taken daily(1.200) and the ages of the patients(1.052).The OR of risk factors in lower economic levels' group were:family history of hypertension(3.990),smoking(1.767),the amount of eggs taken daily(1.753),drinking(1.728),education background(1.532),sex(1.448),daily amount of meat intake(1.276),BMI(1.205) and the age of the patients(1.068).The higher annual income of the family and the amount of fresh fruits intake daily were the protective factors of hypertension with the OR were 0.708 and 0.788 respectively.Conclusion The results show that the patients at different economic levels have different risk factors of hypertension.

Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; etiology ; Homocysteine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Sphingosine kinase (SphK), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor (S1PR) are involved in the tumor biological processes such as tumor cell proliferation and migration, and play an important role in the development of cancer. In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment is genetically stable and can be induced to an antitumor phenotype, which has significant therapeutic advantages. Studies have shown that SphK/S1P/S1PR can regulate multiple aspects of the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the effects of SphK and S1P/S1PR signaling on the tumor microenvironment from four perspectives: tumor immune microenvironment, cancer associated fibroblasts, tumor angiogenesis and tumor hypoxic microenvironment, and also outlines potential drug research related to these signal molecules, aiming to elucidate the role of SphK/S1P/S1PR in tumor occurrence and development and provide new ideas for the research of anti-tumor drugs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Bushen Yanggan Recipe (BSYGR) on the function and morphology of nigrostriatal system in Parkinsonian model rats with long-term levodopa treatment.

METHODSUnilateral Parkinsonian rat models were established by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral segmental area (VTA). Animals were randomly divided into four groups, the sham control group, model control group, levodopa group and levodopa plus BSYGR group. The content of striatal dopa (DA), digydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanilic acid (HVA) or the THmRNA expression level in the midbrain were measured.

RESULTS(1) Levels of striatal DA, DOPAC, HVA, DOPAC/DA, HVA/DA decreased in the model control group by about 90% as compared with those in sham control group (P < 0.05). These parameters in the levodopa group were higher than those in the sham control group, while in the levodopa plus BSYGR group, they were lower than those in the levodopa group (P < 0.01), approaching the levels in the sham control group (P > 0.05). (2) Striatal TH activity in the model group was lower than that in the sham control group significantly, but higher than that in the levodopa group, while in the levodopa plus BSYGR group, it showed a level obviously higher than that in the levodopa group (P < 0.05). (3) Levodopa plus BSYGR group had a higher midbrain THmRNA expression level than that in the levodopa group.

CONCLUSIONBSYGR could effectively reduce the side effects resulting from the long-term treatment of levodopa.

Animals ; Corpus Striatum ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Levodopa ; pharmacology ; Male ; Parkinson Disease ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of development theory based acupuncture on early cerebral palsy (CP) infants with parafunctional sitting position.

METHODSTotally 120 early CP infants were randomly assigned to two groups equally, the treatment group and the control group. All received acupuncture combined with training rehabilitation. Patients in the treatment group adopted acupuncture based on infants development theory, while those in the control group were treated by head acupuncture. Sitting functional points in Gross motor function measure (GMFM) 88 were observed in different groups and infant patients of various types before and after treatment. Root mean square (RMS) signals of sitting correlated muscles (latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, rectus abdominis) were recorded by surface electromyography (sEMG). The effective rate was evaluated by Nimodipine method.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, sitting functional points were significantly improved in the two groups (P<0.01). After treatment, it was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01). The advance amplitude was higher in CP infants of the spastic type and the hypotonic type than other types (P<0.01). Along with sitting process, latissimus dorsi RMS signals were gradually tapered, erector spinae RMS signals were gradually enhanced, and rectus abdominis RMS signals were slightly weakened. Compared with the control group, latissimus dorsi RMS signals obviously decreased, and erector spinae RMS signals obviously increased in the treatment group after treatment (all P<0.01). The total effective rate was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (89.29% vs. 77.78%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONInfants development theory based acupuncture could effectively elevate dorsi-extensor muscles force, improve sitting position of 8 months to 1 year old CP infants with parafunctional sitting position.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Cerebral Palsy ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Medicine ; Posture ; Research ; Spine

0.05). Conclusion The labeling of iTRAQ in HK-2 cells is successful with favourable reproducibi-lity,which lays a foundation for the further research of proteomics in renal diseases.

This study aimed to assess the measurement uncertainty of a new method for determination of allura redin food by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The uncertainty of mathematical model of allura red is based on Europe for Analytical Chemistry(EURACHEM) guidelines.The sources and components of uncertainty were calculated,including recovery,working solution,sample mass,final volume,response of standard solution,response of sample solution.The expanded uncertainty was 0.0024 (k=2).Uncertainty of working solution was the most significant factor contributing to the total uncertainty,accounting for 86.2％.The uncertainty of volume accounted for the minimum at 0.025％.The developed method is simple and accurate,which can be used for the determination of allura redin puffed samples.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) on ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning.

METHODSCultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1) ischemia/reperfusion group (9 h ischemia followed by 1 h reperfusion, I/R), (2) ischemic preconditioning group (1.5 h ischemia/1 h reperfusion + I/R), (3) pharmacologic preconditioning group, adenosine (10 micromol/L) pretreated for 1 h + I/R, (4) calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-93 (0.5 micromol/L for 0.5 h) + ischemic preconditioning group, (5) KN-93 + pharmacologic preconditioning group, (6) control group. The leakage of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in various groups was determined by biochemical autoanalyzer. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was employed to measure the mRNA levels of sodium-calcium exchanger. Activity of sodium-calcium exchanger (Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake) was measured by liquid scintillation counting.

RESULTS(1) Compared to the I/R group, the LDH leakages in both ischemic preconditioning group and pharmacologic preconditioning group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) while significantly increased in the KN-93 + pharmacologic preconditioning group and the KN-93 + ischemic preconditioning group (P < 0.05). (2) The Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake was significantly increased in the I/R group (P < 0.05) compared to control group and this increase could be significantly attenuated in ischemic preconditioning group and adenosine pretreatment group (P < 0.05). (3) The expression of NCX mRNA in I/R group was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the I/R group (P < 0.05) compared to control group and this increase could be significantly attenuated in ischemic preconditioning group and adenosine pretreatment group (P < 0.05), CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 significantly abolished these effects in preconditioning group (P < 0.05) and in adenosine pretreated group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNCX mediated the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning in the neonatal cardiomyocytes I/R model.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Cells, Cultured ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; therapy ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDMono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), was suspected to be toxic to human embryos. This study contributes to investigating its toxic effects by an embryonic stem cell test (EST) based on two human embryonic stem cell (hESCs) lines.

METHODSCH1 established in our own lab and H1, a federally registered cell line were two human embryonic stem cell lines used in this test. Four endpoint measurements were performed consisting of cell viability, proliferation ability, apoptosis as well as changes of gene expression patterns after spontaneous differentiation were determined. For measuring effects on the first three endpoints, the cells were treated with various concentrations of MEHP dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and only with DMSO which served as control and harvested after 5 days. For measuring effects during spontaneous differentiation, the RNA of embryoid bodies (EBs) formed after 8 days' MEHP exposure was collected and changes in differentiation specific gene expression patterns were analyzed by quantitative real time RT-PCR.

RESULTSAs a result the viability and proliferation ability of both cell lines decreased significantly at 1000 µmol/L MEHP, while there was no effect on apoptosis or cell morphology. In addition MEHP also changed the gene expression pattern in the EBs of both cell lines.

CONCLUSIONMEHP in a high dose was cytotoxic and affected the development of hESCs, which indicates its embryo toxicity in human embryos.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Diethylhexyl Phthalate ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of neferine on the chemotherapic sensitivity of STI 571 to K562/A02 cells and to reveal its mechanism. METHODS: MTT method was used to observe the alteration of the proliferation of K562/A02 cell line treated with STI571 alone or combined with neferine. The transcription of mdrl gene was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and the P-gp expression was determined by Western blot after STI 571 alone or combined with neferine treatment. RESULTS: The cytotoxic effect of STI 571 (1 micromol/L) combined with neferine (IC50 = 3.02 micromol/L) on K562/A02 cell line was significantly higher than that of STI 571 alone (IC50 = 0.689 micromol/L). After treating with STI571 combined with neferine, the synergistic interaction on K562/A02 cells increased 4.38 folds (P < 0.05); the mdrl mRNA expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR was significantly reduced by (45.4 +/- 2.5) % (P < 0.01); and the P-gp expression by Western blot was deregulated by 40.58% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Neferine significantly enhances the antineoplastic effect of STI 571 on K562/A02 cells by reducing mdrl mRNA transcription and blocking P-gp expression.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Benzamides ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; K562 Cells ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology