To investigate the effects of gensenoside Rg1 on expressions of phosphorylated tau protein (P-tau), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and tau protein in Alzheimer's disease-like tau phosphorylation rat brain slices, and to explore the mechanisms of gensenoside Rg1 in inhibiting tau phosphorylation.

Objective: To develop the ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS ) for the determination of perfluorocarboxylic acids ( PFCAs ) in fish. Methods: The fish samples were extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether and purified by WAX columns. The WAX cartridges were rinsed with methanol and 25 mmol/L ammonium acetate, and the target compound residues were eluted with 0.5% ammonia methanol and then redissolved with 50% methanol aqueous solution after nitrogen blowing to nearly dry. Nine kinds of PFCAs were simultaneously quantified by UPLC-MS/MS with 1 mmol/L ammonium acetate-methanol solution as the mobile phase. Results: The extraction was separated well in UPLC BEH C18 column. There were good linear correlations of nine kinds of PFCAs in the range of 1.0-200.0 ng/mL, with the coefficients all more than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.06-0.19 μg/kg and 0.19-0.62 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates were 70.08%-117.24% at different spiked levels ( 5.0, 25.0, 50.0 μg/kg ), and the relative standard deviations were 2.31%-19.68%. Conclusion Through optimizing the pretreatment conditions, the mobile phase of liquid chromatography and the detection conditions of mass spectrometry, the UPLC-MS/MS could meet the monitoring requirements of PFCAs in fish.

Objective To explore the feasibility of artificial silastic framework(SF)in repair of large area of tracheal wall defects.Methods Twenty healthy adult dogs with tracheal defects for 2.5 cm?6.0 cm-3.0 cm?6.0cm were randomly and equally divided into experimental group(repaired with SF combined with sternohyoid fasciae)and control group(repaired with T-silastie tubule combined with sternohyoid fascial flap).After the operation,the animals were sacrificed at the 4th,8th,16th,24th, and 48th weeks respectively for harvesting the tracheae that were used for tracbeoscopically observing in- flammatory reaction of the repaired defect area and light microscopically observing epithelium healing on the repaired defect area.Results In the experiment group,the repaired trachea was smooth,without proliferation of granulation;and at the 8th week,the repaired defect area was covered with epithelial cells,with good functional recovery of respiration,phonation and deglutition.In the control group,there was obvious proliferation of granulation on the tracheal surface near anterior and posterior ends of T-silas tic tubule.The animals were under asphyxia to die with extraction of T-silastic tubule.Conclusions SF has excellent tracheal skeletal function.In the meantime,SF combined with sternohyoid fasciae is a simple but effective method for repair of large area of tracheal wall defects.

OBJECTIVETo study possible mechanisms of Shangjuxu (ST37) and the large intestine.

METHODSTotally 40 SD rats were selected. The distension of end colon was used as injured afferent stimulus. Activities of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons were recorded by extracellular microelectrode technique. Shangjuxu (ST37) and Hegu (L14) were needled to observe general features of discharge reactions, distention of colon induced discharge reactions of LC, and its effects on distention of colon induced discharge reactions of LC.

RESULTSDistention of colon could induce incrased discharge of LC neurons by 127.33% ± 45.48%. But needling at Shangjuxu (ST37) and Hegu (L14) could inhibit this injured response by 38.24% ± 7.69% and 21.29% ± 13.16% respectively (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNeedling at Shangjuxu (ST37) and afferent signals of colon distension converged and interacted with each other. Needling at Shangjuxu (ST37) could significantly inhibit colon distension induced discharge of LC neurons, which might be one of mechanisms for Shangjuxu (ST37) and the large intestine relationship.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Colon ; Intestine, Large ; Locus Coeruleus ; physiology ; Neurons ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Background Mitomycin C (MMC) is still irreplaceable until now.While it's current administration method has proved less than effective in the treatment of refractory glaucoma.To construct a MMC sustained release system which can maintain effective concentration and reduce toxicity is important for postoperative scarring regulation after glaucoma filtration surgery.Objective To evaluate the postoperative effect of use PTMC-F127-PTMC thermosensitive hydrogel as a new drug delivery carrier to sustained release MMC in rabbit trabeculactory.Methods Sixty rabbits,aged 10 to 14 weeks,were divided into 5 trabeculectomy groups in accordance with the random number table,including surgery only group,blank PTMC-F127-PTMC group and three sustained groups with 0.1 ml PTMC-F127-PTMC loaded with 0.05,0.10,0.20 g/L MMC injected after surgery.The MMC concentration of anterior chamber aqueous in three sustained release group with 0.1 ml PTMC-F127-PTMC loaded with 0.05,0.1,0.2 g/L MMC injected after surgery were tested by Guangzhou Analysis and Testing Center using high performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS).At 3,7 days postoperatively,0.1 ml aqueous humor from 2 random selected rabbits in each group was extracted using 1 ml syringe with 30G needles from corneal limbus.At postoperative 1,3,5,7,10,14,28 days,bleb width and depth were calculated with caliper measurements and height was graded semiquantitatively by slit-lamp examinations,intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with Tonopen.And corneal endothelial cell densities were examined by corneal endothelial counting before and 28 days after surgery.Sequential sections of the operative region were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) after taking off the eyeballs from dead rabbits at 28 days later.Results MMC could be sustained released from PTMC-F127-PTMC hydrogel for more than 20 days.The mean postoperative bleb survival time in trabeculectomy surgery only group,blank hydrogel group and three sustained release groups were (5.3 ± 0.4),(5.5 ± 0.4),(12.2 ± 1.0),(25.1 ± 0.9),(26.7 ± 0.7) days respectively,the difference between each group was significantly (F =123.200,P =0.000).0.05 g/L MMC sustained release group has a better bleb survival time than that of surgery only group and blank hydrogel group (P =0.000).Compared with other groups,0.10 g/L and 0.20 g/L MMC sustained group has the longest bleb survival time (P =0.000),and more obvious IOP downtrending (F=53 010.000,P＜0.01).But the difference between the two groups was not significant.There was no difference in cornea endothelia cells counts between each group and no MMC was detected in aqueous humors.Histopathology test shows that the inflammatory response and fibrosis were lighter in MMC sustained release group,with stronger proliferation inhibition.Conclusions PTMC-F127-PTMC thermosensitive hydrogel can be a new drug delivery carrier to sustained release MMC.Sustain release MMC can extent bleb survival time with low toxicity.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of hilar biliary malignant obstruc tion with multiple stent drainage.Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients with malignant biliary hilar obstruction were enrolled.The obstructions at the common hepatic duct within less than 1 cm to the junction of the left and the right hepatic duct were found in 66 cases,at the proximal common hepatic duct and the left and the right hepatic ducts in 45 cases,at the right hepatic duct in 5 cases and at the both left and right hepatic duets in 11 cases.Sixty-six patients received stent placement through the right biliary ducts and the common bile duct by puncturing the right mid-axillary line.The other 37 patients received 2 stents placement (disposed"Y"style) through the left and the right hepatic duct punc turing routway.Seven patients received 2 stents placement (disposed"┌"style) through the right hepatic duct and the common bile duct with a stent placed between the left and the right hepatic duct.Three patients had right hepatic duct stent placed first,followed by right hepatic duct and common hepatic duct stent. Twelve patients had stents placed in the right hepatic duct with external drainage from the left hepatic duct. Two patients had multiple strictures at the right hepatic duct,who got multiple external drainages.The total serum bilirubin levels were measured pre-and post-operatively.Results One hundred and twenty-seven patients with bi[iary obstraction had internal stents placed for drainage.The average total bilirubin levels among 121 patients were (283.4?175.4 )?mol/L pre-operation and (63.2?11.8)?mol/L post-operation (P

To decrease the oxygen content in the cell is a key method to improve hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.A new approach was developed by transforming the leghemoglobin gene lba,which has high affinity to oxygen,into the chloroplast of C.reinhardtii to get a low dissolved oxygen in the cell and result into improvement of H2 ase activity and H2 yield. The results showed that lba was successfully transformed into the chloroplast of C.reinahrdtii strain 849 and did not affect its growth significantly. The work paved the road for further regulation of lba expression in the chloroplast to improve of hydrogen production of C.reinahrdtii.

BACKGROUND:Accumulative evidence supports that vitreous cryopreservation can improve the cel survival rate. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of vitreous cryopreservation on the tenocytes co-cultured with the porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffold. METHODS:Tenocytes were co-cultured with the porous PDMS scaffold for 9-14 days, and then preserved and resuscitated in the 10%dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 21%DMSO and VS55, respectively. One hour later, the survival rate of post-resuscitated tenocytes versus pre-resusciated tenocytes was analyzed by live/dead double color fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Live/dead double color fluorescent staining revealed that tenocytes in the 10%DMSO group appeared to be irregular and double stained, and a large number of cel s shedding from the scaffold. The VS55 and 21%DMSO groups showed some spindle and hemispherical cel s single stained for green fluorescence and few double stained irregular cel s. Additional y, the cel density in the two groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Flow cytometry results found that there were homogenous cel s in the control group;the number of cel s in the 10%DMSO group was too low to undergo flow cytometry;smal cel particles were visible in the VS55 group;in the 21%DMSO group, the cel volume was similar with the control group, and smal particles also existed. The survival rate in the VS55 group (64.9%) was significantly lower than that in the 21%DMSO group (76.2%;P<0.05). Conversely, the survived cel s were rare in the 10%DMSO group. To conclude, 21%DMSO vitreous cryopreservation improves the cel survival rate and is beneficial for tenocyte adherence to the scaffold.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is a kind of bone marrow failure disease. Thrombocytopenia in patients with MDS is a frequent causes of mortality in MDS with 37% to 67% incidence. Thrombocytopenia in MDS is an independent factor predicting worse prognosis associated with increased risk of acute leukemic transformation (AML) and reduces overall survival. In addition, thrombocytopenia in MDS limits the therapeutic efficacy of disease-modifying therapies, such as azacitidine or lenalidomide. Mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in MDS are complicated, involving suppression of megakaryocytic differentiation, enhanced apoptosis, and increased platelet destruction. Platelet transfusion is still the standard treatment option for MDS combined with thrombocytopenia. Recently, novel thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists have showed curative effect in MDS patients in many clinical trials, including reducing bleeding events, decreasing dependency on platelet transfusions and increasing clinical benefits of disease-modifying therapies. Several clinical trials are ongoing to assess the efficacy and safety of novel TPO receptor agonists; the results would further help guide treatment for thrombocytopenia in MDS.

OBJECTIVETo explore the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture for anti-aging.

METHODSForty Sprague-Dawley rats (female and male take one half for each), 3-month old, were divided into a control group, a model group, a routine electroacupuncture group (current intensity, 1 mA) and a strong electroacupuncture group (current intensity, 4.5 mA), 10 rats in each group. The model of aged rats was established by D-galactose in the latter three groups. The acupoints of "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) were used for electroacupuncture treatment, six times per week for 4 weeks. After that, the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the serum, as well as the expression of neuropeptide Y mRNA (NPY mRNA) and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) were examined and compared between each group.

RESULTSIn comparison of the control rats, the model rats expressed with the lower level of NPY mRNA in PVN, higher levels of IL-6 in the serum and IL-6R in PVN, which is different from each other (P < 0.05). In both routine electroacupuncture group and strong electroacupuncture group, the level of NPY mRNA in PVN was up-regulated, in contrast, the levels of IL-6 in the serum and IL-6R in PVN were cut down, which were different from those of the model group (both P < 0.05). Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of the strong electroacupuncture group is different from that of the routine electroacupuncture group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture at "Qiangzhuang" acupoints plays an active role to slow down the aging process on the sub-acute aged rats through regulating the function of neuro-immune system, and the therapeutic effect of strong stimulation is better than that of routine stimulation.

Acupuncture Points ; Aging ; immunology ; physiology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Neuropeptide Y ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism