Actins ; metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms ; blood ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia ; blood ; etiology ; Ilium ; Mesenchymoma ; blood ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia ; blood ; etiology ; Phosphates ; blood ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of EUS-FNA for pancreatic masses and correlated influential factors. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 101 patients with pancreatic lesions who underwent EUS-FNA from January 2008 to January 2010. The clinical data enrolled 10 factors including patient gender, patient age, lesion location, lesion size, lesion characteristics, negative suction pressure, times of access, real-time cytological diagnosis, type of EUS and operators' experiences.ResultsThe overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS-FNA were 85. 1％, 81.1％, 96. 3％, 98. 4％ and 65.0％, respectively. Univariable logistic regression analysis indicated that lesion size, lesion characteristics, negative suction pressure, operators' experience were correlated factors of EUS-FNA positive rate, while lesion size was the only correlated factor of EUS-FNA diagnostic accuracy ( OR =1. 984,95 ％ CI: 1. 141 ～ 3. 451, P =0. 015 ). Every 1 cm the lesion increased, by 1.67 times of opportunity the positive rate became, by 1.83 times of opportunity the accuracy was. The lesion size and lesion characteristics were independent correlated factors of EUS-FNA positive rate (OR=2.012, P=0.000; OR =10.218, P=0. 002). The positive rate of EUS-FNA in solid lesions was 10. 2 times of that in cystic lesions. Lesion size was the independent correlated factors of EUS-FNA diagnostic accuracy (OR =1. 984, P =0. 015 ). ConclusionEUS-FNA can effectively make a pathological diagnosis of pancreatic masses with high diagnostic accuracy and specificity. EUS-FNA diagnostic positive rate and accuracy were both positively correlated with pancreatic lesion size. EUS-FNA positive rate of solid pancreatic lesions is significantly higher than that of cystic lesions.

OBJECTIVETo study the histochemical staining in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

METHODSTo compare the effectiveness of picrosirius red, improved Ponceau trichrome and Masson trichrome staining methods on bone formation tissues in conventional osteosarcoma, paraosteal osteosarcoma, periosteal osteosarcoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, malignant fibrohistiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosis with ossification and calcification.

RESULTSWith modified Ponceau trichrome staining, bone formation tissues showed a homogenous, orange-red interblended with blue in color. From osteoid to mature bone the color changed from orange-red, light blue to dark blue. Fibrotic tissue was stained blue in color with striated appearance. Cartilage was not stained. Picrosirius red method gave bone formation tissues homogenous staining. Along with bone maturation, from osteoid tissue to mineralized bones, the color showed changes from light red, yellow, orange-red, red to dark purple. The cartilage demonstrated homogenous light red in color. Fibrous tissue stained red interblended with yellow in color, striated in shape. With Masson trichrome staining osteoid displayed pale blue and mineralized bone showed dark blue in color. Fibrotic tissue showed a striated blue staining.

CONCLUSIONThe modified Ponceau trichrome and Picrosirius red staining methods are better than Masson trichrome to demonstrate bone formation tissue in osteosarcoma. The former two methods could be also used in study on bone formation.

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myositis ossificans (MO).

METHODSThe clinical features, radiologic results and pathologic findings of 15 cases of MO (including biopsy and surgical specimens) were analyzed. The hematoxylin and eosin sections were reviewed under light microscope. Immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein, vimentin, desmin, actin and osteonectin was performed.

RESULTSThe age of the patients ranged from 12 to 46 years. The male-to-female ratio was 11:4. Thirteen cases were located in the parosteum of long bone or subperiosteal soft tissue. The remaining two cases occurred in iliac region and palm, respectively. Five patients had history of injury, while 2 patients had operation before. Four patients had no history of trauma and the remaining one had unknown clinical history. Histologically, zonation pattern was not conspicuous in 10 biopsy cases and 8 corresponding surgical specimens. On the other hand, zonation pattern was observed in 5 biopsy cases and 7 corresponding surgical specimens. Follow up revealed relapses in two patients. Immunohistochemical study showed various degree of positivity for vimentin, desmin, actin and osteonectin. S-100 protein was focally positive in 2 of the cases. The Ki-67 index varied from 1% to 10%.

CONCLUSIONCorrect diagnosis of MO relies on correlation of clinical features, radiologic examination and pathologic findings.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myositis Ossificans ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; genetics ; Vimentin ; X-Rays ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, 2alpha in sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and their relationships to the mutations of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene.

METHODSMutations of VHL gene, expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry in 77 cases of Chinese sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The stage was pT(1)N(0)M(0)in 55 patients (71%), pT(2)N(0)M(0) in 7 patients (9%), pT(3)N(0)M(0) in 14 patients (18%), and pT(4)N(0)M(0) in 1 patient (1%). The classification according to the tumor nuclear grading system showed 15 carcinomas (19%) of tumor nuclear grade 1, 56 (73%) of tumor nuclear grade 2 and 6 (8%) of tumor nuclear grade 3.

RESULTSNone of the VHL gene mutations were found in all the normal tissue specimens. VHL gene mutations were detected in 40 (52%) cases of CCRCC. The positive rate of HIF-2alpha (81%) was higher than that of HIF-1alpha (66%) (chi(2) = 23.310, P < 0.01); The positive rate of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha in the cases of mutations (98% and 93% respectively) was higher than that of them in non-mutations (32% and 68% respectively) (chi(2) = 36.386, 7.617, P < 0.01); The correlation between HIF-1alpha and VHL gene mutations was closer than that between HIF-2alpha and VHL gene mutations (partial correlation coefficiency was 4.481 and 2.027 respectively, P < 0.01). The expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha in different pathological grade and stage of CCRCC showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOur study suggests that VHL gene mutations are frequent in sporadic CCRCC, and the high expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha are found in the group of VHL mutations. However, we have not found significant correlation between the expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha and pathological grade and stage of CCRCC in our study.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of identifying oral pathogenic bacteria by comparing the metabolic profiling of putative periodontal pathogens and try to find a convenient and rapid way to discriminate oral microorganisms.

METHODSSuspensions of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum with same density were prepared and cultured respectively at liquid BHI medium. Then the growth quantity was measured periodically through turbidimetry and the growth curves of the inoculated bacteria were completed. The culture solutions of stable growth phase were sampled and characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR). The data of 1H-NMR spectroscope results were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA).

RESULTSThe PCA showed the obvious clustering phenomena and the points of three groups differentially centralized to three clusters. Therefore, the NMR-based metabonomics profiles could discriminate the three different kinds of bacteria.

CONCLUSIONThe metabonomics is a potential classable method to identify the oral pathogenic bacteria.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Bacteria ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Metabolomics ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Prevotella intermedia

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of homozygosity mapping in the fine mapping of the genes responsible for the rare autosomal recessive diseases.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-single sequence length polymorphism was used to genotype the family members from 8 families with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome(OPS) for 14 polymorphic loci within candidate region. The OPS candidate region was narrowed by searching for homozygous region in affected.

RESULTSThe OPS candidate region was narrowed to a 1 cM interval between D11S1296 and D11S4136.

CONCLUSIONHomozygosity mapping is a powerful method for mapping and narrowing the candidate region of the genes responsible for the rare autosomal recessive diseases.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; genetics ; pathology ; Chromosome Mapping ; methods ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; genetics ; Eye Diseases ; pathology ; Family Health ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; pathology ; Pedigree ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of pneumatic lithotripsy on children urethral calculi.

METHODSTwenty-two cases of the male children with urethral calculi were treated with pneumatic lithotripsy under ureteroscopy.

RESULTSAll the patients were treated successfully in a single procedure. The time of lithotripsy was (5.5 +/- 2.2) minutes, and no serious complication such as obvious hematuria, infection and urethral stricture occurred.

CONCLUSIONSIt is suggested that pneumatic lithotripsy under ureteroscopy is an effective and simple way for the treatment of urethral calculi in children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; methods ; Male ; Ureteral Calculi ; therapy ; Ureteroscopy

BACKGROUNDAlthough antiangiogenesis therapy plays an important role in anti-neoplastic treatment with its recognized efficacy and slight adverse effect, there is no prospective clinical trial to define ideal markers for predicting efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy. This study was undertaken to investigate the changes of activated circulating endothelial cells (aCECs) and survivin after anti-angiogenesis therapy and their significance in predicting the efficacy of the therapy.

METHODSPatients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemotherapy with or without Endostar were observed. The amount of activated CECs was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of survivin mRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSAfter treatment, the amount of activated CECs decreased significantly in clinical benefit cases (P = 0.021 in chemotherapy alone, P = 0.001 in chemotherapy plus Endostar), increased in disease progressive cases (P = 0.015 in chemotherapy alone, but P = 0.293 in chemotherapy with Endotatar). After therapy, the expression of survivin mRNA decreased in clinical benefit cases (P = 0.001) and increased in disease progressive cases (P = 0.018). A positive correlation was found between activated CECs and survivin in the chemotherapy group pre- and post-therapy (P = 0.001 and 0.021, respectively), but only in the chemotherapy with Endostar group pre-therapy (P = 0.030) rather than post-therapy. A positive correlation was found between the decreased activated CECs after therapy and time to progression (TTP) (r = 0.322, P = 0.012); a negative correlation was found between the amount of survivin mRNA in serum post-therapy and TTP (r = -0.291, P = 0.048).

CONCLUSIONSActivated CECs and survivin may be ideal markers forecasting efficacy and prognosis of NSCLC. The former can reflect more sensitively antiangiogenic efficacy and the latter is more sensitive to shrinkage or swelling of tumors. Their combination can evaluate more accurately the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy of NSCLC.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Endostatins ; therapeutic use ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction