AIM: To observe and study the influence of cardiac sympathetic nerve on QT dispersion (QTd) and the circadian variations of QTd in experimental rabbits. METHODS: The rabbits were divided into experimental group (without cardiac sympathetic control by operation) and control group (with retained cardiac sympathetic control by operation, sham operation). QTd of both groups were measured and compared before and after the operation. The circadian variations of QTd were also observed in both groups. RESULTS: QTd in experimental group decreased significantly after the cardiac sympathetic nerves were excised (P

To investigate the nature of syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine by means of pharmacokinetic (PK) method.

Objective To research and prepare the individualized knee in vitro guided plate by 3D printing technique and to investigate the feasibility of its application in 8-plate epiphysiodesis.Methods Twelve children patients with knee varus or valgum in our hospital from January 2014 and November 2016,7 boys and 5 girls,average age of 8.2 years old,were performed the lower extremity continuous spiral CT scanning in the knee straight position.The Dicom format stored CT data were imported into software Mimics 15.0 for reconstructing the knee joint 3D model.The knee joint data after reconstruction were guided into software Geomagic1 1.0 with the.stl format.According to the demand that screws without perforating epiphyseal and joint surface,paralle ling to the epiphyseal and locating in the anterior-posterior median line of epiphyseal,the 8-plate placing screw navigation template was designed and printed by using the 3D printing technique;the 8-plate plate and screw internal fixation was conducted by intraoperative template location.The placed screw position was evaluated by postoperative CT.Results The imaging identification showed that 8-plate epiphysiodesis by using 3D printing individualized in vitro guided plate had accurate screw placement.The cases were followed from 6 months to 2 years,the satisfactory orthopedic effect was obtained in all cases.Conclusion Preparing the individualized knee in vitro guided plate by applying 3D printing technique in assisted 8-plate epiphysiodesis for treating child knee varus or valgum has accurate screw position and satisfactory effect.

OBJECTIVETo discuss arthroscopic technique of single Kirschner wire and suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation for tibial intercondylar eminence fracture and its clinical results.

METHODSFrom May 2008 to December 2012, 21 patients (13 males, 8 females, ranging in age from 6 to 14 years old) with tibial intercondylar eminence fracture were treated arthroscopically with single Kirschner wire and suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation technique. According to Meyers and McKeever classification, 7 patients were type II, 10 patients were type III, and 4 patients were type IV. Active rehabilitation began at one week after operation. The patients were followed up for 10 to 30 months. X-ray films were taken to evaluate fracture healing at 1, 3, 6 months after operation; range of motion, the anterior drawer test, the lachman test and the Lysholm knee score were used to evaluate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll fractures were healed without displacement at 6 weeks after operation. Anterior drawer test and the lachman test were both negative in all patients at 3 months after operation. Lysholm knee score was 95.5 ±2.5 at 6 months after operation, and postoperative X-ray film did not find epiphyseal line broadening or narrowing.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic treatment for tibial eminence intercondylar fracture with single Kirschner wire and 8-shaped suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation technique has many advantages, such as firm fixation,early mobilization, less invasive, less injury of physis and satisfactory effect.

Adolescent ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Wires ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Sutures ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

AIMTo investigate the effects of alpha1 and alpha2 receptors in the locus ceruleus (LC) on carotid baroreflex (CBR) resetting induced by intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of histamine (HA).

METHODSThe left and right carotid sinus regions were isolated from the systemic circulation in 23 Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) was altered in a stepwise manner. ISP-mean arterial pressure (MAP) relationship curve and its characteristic parameters were constructed by fitting to the logistic function with five parameters. The changes in CBR performance induced by ICV HA and the effects of pretreatment with alpha1 or alpha2 receptor antagonist into the LC on the responses of CBR to HA were examined.

RESULTSICV HA (60 micromol x L(-1) in 5 microl) significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards (P < 0.05) and reduced the MAP range and maximum gain (P < 0.05). The pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (PBZ, a selective antagonist of alpha1 receptor, 3 micromol x L(-1) in 500 nl) or yohimbine (YOH, a selective antagonist of alpha2 receptor, 2.5 micromol x L(-1) in 500 nl) into the LC could obviously intensify the above-mentioned changes in CBR performance induced by HA, but the intensive effect of PBZ was less remarkable than that of YOH (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe intracerebroventricular administration of HA results in a rapid resetting of CBR and a decrease in reflex sensitivity, and the functions of alpha1 and alpha2 receptors in the LC may attenuate CBR resetting induced by ICV HA. Furthermore, alpha2 receptor in the LC might play a more important role in regulating the responses of CBR to HA.

Animals ; Baroreflex ; drug effects ; physiology ; Carotid Sinus ; Histamine ; pharmacology ; Locus Coeruleus ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter

Objective To observe effect of lidocaine pretreatment to malondialdehyde(MDA) and endothelin(ET) of patient ac-cepeted brain tumor removing and discuss the optimized pretreatment time .Methods 60 brain tumor patients in the hospital from March 2009 to September 2011 .according to the different pretreatment time ,the patients were randomly divided into five groups :group A(preoperative 48 h) ,group B(preoperative 24 h) ,group C(preoperative 12 h) ,group D(0 h or anesthesia induced) ,group E (control group) and group F(blank control group) ,10 cases in each group .Group A ,B ,C ,D with 1% lidocaine 1 .5 mg/kg intrave-nous pretreatment on schedule ,then induced conventional anesthesia ;group E were supplemented with 1% lidocaine 2 .5 mg · kg -1 · h-1 intravenous injection after anesthesia induction ;group F was performed routine program without lidocaine .The spontaneous breathing time ,awake time and tracheal extubation time was recorded ,while NIHSS score for evaluation of neural function defect was applied ,and peripheral serum level of MDA and ET was detected by colorimetric technique and radio-immunity .Results In group C ,the spontaneous breathing time ,awake time and tracheal extubation time were shorter than other groups ,but the difference had no statistically significant(P>0 .05) .There was no significant difference among each group in the aspect of NIHSS score 1 day before surgery(P>0 .05) ,after 14 days of operation ,NIHSS of group C was statistically lower than that of group E and group F (P<0 .05) .Before anesthesia induction ,there was no significant difference among groups (P> 0 .05) .MDA and ET content in group C was significantly lower than those in other groups after surgery (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Lidocaine given 12 h before cere-bral ischemia has varying degree protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury .The protection has relation with the de-crease of MDA and ET content .

Aim To establish a novel acute hyperuricemia mouse model and apply it to evaluate the hyporucicemia effects of Ulodesine, a purine nucleoside phosphorylase(PNP) inhibitor.Methods The mice were intraperitoneal injected inosine and subcutaneous injected Oteracil potassium to induce accumulation of uric acid, and the animal blood was collected from eyeball or vena angularis in different time points.The levels of serum uric acid were measured and determined to test whether the acute hyperuricemia mouse model were successful or not.In order to verify the hyperuricemia seen in the model was associated with the accumulation of inosine, which was converted to uric acid by action of PNP,hyporucicemia effects of Ulodesine, a PNP inhibitor, was assessed in an enzyme assay and confirmed by using the newly established model.Result Accumulation of uric acid in the blood of mouse models was observed by combined injections of intraperitoneal 200 mg·kg-1 inosine and subcutaneous 200 mg·kg-1 Oteracil potassium respectively after 1.5 h.The enzyme assay indicated that Ulodesine was a potently PNP inhibitor with IC50 of 2.293 nmol·L-1.IV injection of Ulodesine eliminated uric acid accumulations in blood of the mouse model, which was expected as the in vivo action of Ulodesine.Conclusions A novel acute hyperuricemia mouse model is established.This is a relatively easy and more effective protocol to generate the hyperuricemia in mice, which will be a useful platform to assess the anti-hyperuricemia activity of PNP-target drugs in vivo.

Objective To explore the role of CD 30 on CD4 + T lymphocyte and T lymphocyte subset activation in asthma pathogenesis.Methods Twenty seven asthma active attack patients,16 acute upper respiratory infection patients and 19 control children were randomly selected. Direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry was used to detect the CD 30 positive percentage on CD4 +cell; ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin(IL) 4 and IL 13 in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) and plasma total immunoglobulin E(IgE) level.Results Compared with control group and acute upper respiratory infection group, in asthmatic children the CD4 +CD 30 + percentage on CD4 + cell was elevated significantly; 2.The levels of IL 4 and IL 13 in supernatants of cultured lymphocyte were increased significantly, the plasma total IgE level was increased significantly;3.There was a significant positive correlation of CD4 +CD 30 + cell percentage with the levels of IL 4 and IL 13 in culture supernatants and plasma total IgE.Conclusions The cell that could produce Th2 derived cytokine may consist of CD 30 +cell;When CD 30 L combined with CD 30 on CD4 + cells ,it might result in Th2 cell proliferation ,develop and release Th2 derived cytokine; IL 4 and IL 13 could induce B cell production and secrete more IgE. It is suggested that CD 30 and imbalance of Th2 subset may play an important role in asthma pathogenesis.

AIMTo study and compare the excitation-contraction coupling triggered by L-type calcium current and by reverse-mode Na/Ca exchange during depolarizing steps in single guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.

METHODSWhole-cell membrane-potential, membrane-current and cell-shortening data were simultaneously acquired during whole-cell voltage clamp protocols. Voltage clamp pulses elicited ICa(L) at + 10 mV, + 50 mV, + 100 mV and evoked contractions in myocytes superfused with Tyrode's solution at 35 degrees C.

RESULTSThe greater the inhibition of I(Ca(L)), the more likely contractions would be abolished at +10 mV test potential. There was a correlation between them. At potential positive to + 50 mV, contractions were partially suppressed by Nif 100 micromol/L or Nif 30 micromol/L plus Cd2+30 micromol/L. The residual contraction was significantly delayed in onset. At +100 mV test potential, contractions were delayed in onset compare to + 50 mV and resistant to Nif 100 micromol/L or Nif 30 micromol/L plus Cd2+30 micromol/L. The residual contraction was completely blocked by Ni2+ at + 50 mV and + 100 mV.

CONCLUSIONSI(Ca(L)) is the major trigger for excitation-contraction coupling. Na/Ca exchange modulates excitation-contraction coupling as both reverse and forward mode.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Ventricles ; cytology ; Myocardial Contraction ; physiology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of melittin and 5-Fu, DDP, and TXT on human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 and to primarily explore their possible mechanisms.

METHODSMedian effect analysis was employed to determine the interaction between melittin and 5-Fu, DDP, TXT by analyzing the relationship between fraction affected (FA) and the combination index (CI) acquired from the dose-effect curve. Expressions of chemotherapeutic agent-associated genes of BGC-823 cells with or without treatment were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.

RESULTS(1) Both melittin and chemotherapeutic agents inhibited the growth of BGC-823. (2) For BGC-823 cells were acted by 5-Fu +melittin, when FA ranged between 0.35-0.75, CI was less than 1. For BGC-823 cells were acted by DDP + melittin, when FA ranged 0.55 or so, CI = 1; when Fa ranged below 0.55, CI was less than 1. For BGC-823 cells were acted by TXT + melittin, CI less than 1 could be seen in the whole interval. (3) After treatment suppressed were the expressions of chemotherapeutic agent-associated genes of BGC-823 cells such as thymidylate synthetase (TS), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), beta-tubulin III (TUBB3), and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT).

CONCLUSIONSMelittin had a synergistic effect on the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. The possible mechanisms might be associated with down-regulating chemotherapeutic agent-associated genes.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Melitten ; pharmacology