Hernia, Inguinal ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Peritoneum ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

An automatic ECG analysis system based on DSP is introduced in this paper. It can fulfill the functions of signal regulation, adaptive filtering, QRS waves positioning, and automatically recognize more than 10 kinds of arrhythmia and report alarm. TI DSP product--TMS320F206 is applied in this system to accomplish the adaptive filtering and automatic diagnosis of arrhythmia for the need of real time signal processing.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Algorithms ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; Autoanalysis ; Computers ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Software

AIM: To estimate the pooled prevalence of myopia among primary school students in mainland China during 1980- 2013. Myopia had become a growing public health issue, with high prevalence rates in mainland China, particularly among children. However, we still had no population-based nationwide studies of the prevalence of myopia among primary school students in recent years. METHODS: Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed databases were searched independently until Dec. 31, 2013 to identify relevant articles. Data from the eligible articles were extracted by two reviewers. All of the data analyses were conducted using Meta-Analyst software (version 3. 13, USA).
RESULTS: Thirty - seven eligible studies published between 1980 and 2013 were selected with a total of 245248 individuals. The pooled prevalence of myopia among the included individuals was 26. 5% (95% CI: 21. 8% -31. 7%). The prevalence of myopia increased with age (from 8. 4%at 6-8y to 57. 4% at 12-14y).
CONCLUSION: The pooled prevalence of myopia among primary school students in mainland China was much higher than that of western countries or regions. The prevalence of myopia increased with age among primary school students. This study should be valuable for myopia prevention and treatment in mainland China.

OBJECTIVETo observe the growth and osteogenic property of cultured dog bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) by investigating the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the proliferation and ultrastructure of BMSCs into osteoblasts in vitro.

METHODSBMSCs osteogenic property was detected by improved Wright-Giemsa, Gomori and alizarin dyeing method. The proliferation and differentiation of the induced BMSCs with APS in different concentration and time were detected by MTT assay and the morphologic change of the induced BMSCs was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSBMSCs osteogenic property was detected with Wright-Giemsa deep-bluing, Gomori method blacking and with more mineral nodules alizarin dyeing method carmining. APS with concentration of 0.005 mg/mL can promote the proliferation of the induced BMSCs in short-term culture (1th, 3th day) and 50 mg/mL can decrease the effect through long-term culture (5th day). Observed by TEM (5th day), the number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum increased and the extracellular matrix was excreted more in the induced BMSCs by APS with concentration of 0.005 mg/mL. However, not only the number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum reduced but also the structure was swollen, degenerative, membrance damaged in the induced BMSCs by APS with concentration of 50 mg/mL.

CONCLUSIONAPS with lower concentration in short-term culture may promote BMSCs proliferation and differentiation.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Dogs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts ; Polysaccharides

Objective To explore the effects of fructus corni officinalis fruit core extract ( FCOFCE ) on immune cytokine of adjuvant arthritis rats, and to study the underlying anti -inflammatory mechanisms.Methods Adjuvant arthritis rat model was established with forty Wistar rats, after that, they were randomly divided into model group, triptery-gium wilfordii polyglycoside ( TWP) group, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose of FCOFCE group, 8 rats in each group.Eight healthy Wistar rats was used as the normal control group.The normal group and model group were given the injection of 0.9%NaCl.TWP group was gi-ven the 0.01 mg· kg-1 TWP.Low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose of FCOFCE group were respectively given 200 , 400 and 600 mg· kg-1 FCOFCE.Six groups were given the corresponding dose by in-tragastric administration once a day, for 4 weeks.The swollen volume of rats’ rear claw were measured by plantar circumference.The interleukin ( IL)-23 mRNA and IL -17 mRNA expression in the blood lympho-cytes of adjuvant arthritis rats were detected by reversing transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Serum IL-23 and IL-17 were measured in all the sera with sandwich ELISA method.Results Compared with modelgroup, medium-dose and high-dose of FCOFCE group had remarkable decreasions in the terms of swollen volume of the rats’ rear claw, serum IL -17 and IL-23 contents and IL -17 mRNA and IL -23 mRNA expression levels ( P<0.05).No obvious differences were found between low-dose FCOFCE group and model group in the aforemen-tioned indexes ( P>0.05 ).Conclusion FCOFCE intervention can reduce the inflammatory reaction of adjuvant ar-thritis rats, the possible mechanism may be related to its down regulation of IL-17 and IL-23 levels.

OBJECTIVEThe association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has not been adequately explored in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. This study aimed to investigate MetS' prevalence and its impact on the CVD incidence in this specific population group.

METHODSA data set of a community-based prospective cohort study was analyzed. A total of 2300 subjects aged 40-94 years were followed up for the CVD events. MetS defined according to the JCDCG criteria was assessed at baseline, and the middle-aged and elderly groups were classified by the WHO definition.

RESULTSAs compared with the middle-aged group, the prevalence of MetS increased by 0.6 times (34.6% vs. 21.3%) and the incidence density of CVD increased by 4.9 times in the elderly group (52.3/1000 person-year vs. 8.9/1000 person-year). Furthermore, the multivariate Cox regression revealed that the risk to CVD incidence was independently related to increased waist circumference in the middle-aged group (HR=2.23, P<0.01) and to elevated blood glucose in the elderly group (HR=1.39, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONMetS was highly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. MetS significantly increased the risk to CVD incidence in the elderly. All individuals with metabolic disorders should receive active clinical care to reduce the incidence of CVD.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Proportional Hazards Models

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of oncoprotein c-erbB2 in primary breast cancer and to analyze its relation to its prognosis.

METHODSImmunohistochemical staining for c-erbB2 was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of primary breast cancer from 284 patients, and the relation to its prognosis was statistically analyzed.

RESULTSPositive expression rate of c-erbB2 was 26.8% (76/284) in 284 primary breast cancer patients. Expression of c-erbB2 was positively correlated with the status of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003). Univariate analysis indicated that c-erbB2 expression is a significant prognostic factor for the disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.024) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.002), while multivariate analysis demonstrated that c-erbB2 is an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.023). Moreover, tumors with c-erbB2 positive expression are more tend to metastasis to other viscera than those with c-erbB2 negative. c-erbB2 expression has different prognostic values for patients with different status of estrogen receptor (ER) and lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONc-erbB2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for total survival time in primary breast cancer patients, and its prognostic values are different according to the different ER status and lymph node metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUNDAs one of most widely-used biguanides, metformin can induce the lactic acidosis in patients with renal failure though its incidence is very low. However, lactic acidemia induced by metformin was reported in patients without renal dysfunction. It is unclear that whether lactatemia exists in diabetic patients with normal renal function in Chinese or not and its influencing factors. This study aimed to clarify the influencing factors of lactic acid, and identify a practiced clinical marker to predict the hyperlactacidemia in diabetics with normal renal function.

METHODSThe clinical data and venous blood samples of 1024 type 2 diabetic patients treated with (n = 426) or without metformin (n = 599) were collected. The lactic acid was assayed by enzyme-electrode method. The biochemical indexes included creatinine (Cr) and hepatase were measured with enzymatic procedures. The lactic acid concentrations of different Cr subgroups were compared, and the correlation and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used.

RESULTSThe mean lactic acid level and the proportion of hyperlactatemia of metformin group were significantly higher than that of non-metformin group (P < 0.01), but no lactic acidosis was found in all patients. The correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that the correlative factors of lactic acid in turn were Cr, metformin, alanine transferase (ALT), body mass index (BMI), Urine albumin (Ualb), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in total patients; and Cr, ALT, BMI and BUN in non-metformin treated patients; Cr and ALT in metformin-group. The lactate concentration increased with the increment of Cr levels, and reached its peak at Cr 111-130 micromol/L, and the optimal cutoff of Cr in predicting hyperlactacidemia was 96.5 micromol/L.

CONCLUSIONSMetformin can increase the incidence of lactatemia in type 2 diabetic patients without renal dysfunction. Cr, ALT, and BMI are independent associated factors of blood lactic acid levels. There is low proportion of lactatemia in type 2 diabetics without metformin therapy, the optimal cutoff of Cr to predict lactatemia in these patients is 96.5 micromol/L.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Creatinine ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Lactic Acid ; blood ; Male ; Metformin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate curative effects of intramedullary nail and volar plate internal fixation for distal radius fractures.

METHODSThe studies concerning about randomized controlled trial of intramedullary nail and volar plate internal fixation for distal radius fractures from create database to May, 2016 were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang data and VIP. Information was screen and taken out according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality of literature was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook evaluating system. Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.2 software. Postoperative grip strength, clinical effects(results of flexion and extension, pronation, supination, deflection of ulnar and radialis) , imaging evaluation (ulnar variance, radial height, volar tilting angle and radial inclination) and the incidence of postoperative complications were analyzed.

RESULTSTotally 6 RCT including 370 patients were chosen. According to the Meta analysis, there were no statistical differences in extension[MD=5.63, 95%CI(-7.01, 18.27),=0.38], flexion[MD=3.10, 95%CI(-0.67, 6.86),=0.11], pronation[MD=2.58, 95%CI(-0.49, 5.65),=0.10], supination[MD=0.82, 95%CI(-1.89, 3.54),=0.55], radial deviation[MD=-5.16, 95%CI(-14.42, 4.11),=0.28], ulnar deviation[MD=0.19, 95%CI(-2.39, 2.77),=0.88], ulnar variance[MD=-0.01, 95%CI(-0.43, 0.42),=0.97], ulnar inclination[MD=-0.31, 95%CI(-1.37, 0.73),=0.56], radial height[MD=-0.27, 95%CI(-0.98, 0.44),=0.45], radial inclination[MD=0.29, 95%CI(-0.41, 0.99),=0.42] and the incidence of postoperative complications[RR=0.71, 95%CI(0.46, 1.09),=0.12] between intramedullary nail and volar plate internal fixation.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with volar plate internal fixation, intramedullary nail has the same effect in grip strength, clinical effect, but could not reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications. However, a large number of prospective randomized controlled study should be carried out to prove clinical effect of intramedullary nail for distal radius fractures.