Objective To study cell proliferation and apoptosis of renal corpuscle in normal developing mouse.Methods PCNA immunohistochemisty method,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick endlabeling(TUNEL staining method)and light,electron microscopy were used to observe proliferation and apoptosis within corpuscle at different stages of development.Results Nearly all cells in Ⅰ and Ⅱ stages had nuclear PCNA immunolabeling.The number of PCNA immunolabeling cells during Ⅲ and Ⅳ stages was gradually decreased,and to less in Ⅴ stage.TUNEL positive cells could be easily observed before birth and identified in Ⅲ and Ⅳ stages.Electron microscope revealed that the mitotic activity was observed in all cells of Ⅰ and Ⅱ stages renal corpuscles.The mitotic phases of endothelial cells and podocytes could be seen in Ⅲ stage,but only endothelial mitotic activities in Ⅳ stage of renal corpuscle.Apoptotic activities of endothelial cell and Bowman's parietal cell were noted,predominantly in Ⅲ and Ⅳ stages.Conclusion Proliferation and apoptosis exist universally in the course of developing renal corpuscle,and supervise and control the regular development of renal corpuscle cooperatively.

Objective To investigate the level change of glucose excursion , 8-iso prostaglandin F 2α( 8-iso-PGF2α) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and its effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods A total of 62 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including T2DM group(DM, 30 cases) and T2DM with NAFLD group(DM+NAFLD, 32 cases) were recruited from October 2012 to November 2013 , normal glucose tolerance group had normal glucose tolerance ( NGT;30 cases ) with normal physical examination results.The age, gender, duration, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and blood lipid among three groups were no statistical difference .The clinical data of each patient were collected by professional people .Blood lipids and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were detected.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were taken in all groups.The Postprandial glucose excursion (PPGE), blood glucose standard deviation (SDBG), mean blood glucose and (MBG) and HbA1c were used to evaluate the glucose excursion.Serum 8-iso-PGF2αwas detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) to evaluate oxidative stress.Inter-group com-parison was conducted with analysis of variance ( ANOVA) .Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the factors of influence .Results⑴The levels of PPGE[(7.34 ±2.23) mmol/L vs (8.52 ±2.43) mmol/L],SDBG[(2.43 ±0.90) mmol/L vs (2.80 ±0.78) mmol/L], MBG[(11.06 ±1.76) mmol/L vs (13.65 ±2.83) mmol/L], and HbA1c [(7.59 ±1.02)% vs (8.05 ±1.52)%] in T2DM group and T2DM with NAFLD group were significantly higher than that in NGT group (both P <0.05); and that in NAFLD group have significantly rise than that in DM group ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in HbA 1c between groups.⑵ The level of serum 8-iso-PGF2αwas gradually increased from NGT group [(33.45 ±8.60) pg/ml], DM group [(47.33 ±15.30) pg/ml], to DM +NAFLD group [(56.07 ±13.10) pg/ml], with statistically significant difference ( P <0.05);⑶The Person corre-lation analysis showed that the content of serum 8-iso-PGF2αwas positively correlated with PPGE, SDBG, and MBG ( r =0.796, 0.778 , 0.712 , P <0.01 ) .Conclusions Serum 8-iso-PGF2αis a better parameter to reflect the status of body oxidative stress .The level of oxidative stress is increased with the increase of glucose excursion in T 2DM, which is the important mechanism of its complica-tions of NAFLD.

OBJECTIVETo assess the economic implications of an annual vaccination strategy against influenza among people who were on a social-health program.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted. 1900 persons who had received the influenza vaccine were served as vaccine group, while 1049 persons who did not receive the vaccine were served as controls. Cluster random sampling method was used. Both of these two groups came from Donfang Company in which there were 12,109 employers in total and all of them joined the social health insurance program. The survey was carried out when the influenza vaccine was given one year ago.

RESULTSThe rates of vaccine group and control group for respiratory system diseases and cardiovascular diseases who were hospitalized, were 0.51%, 2.47% and 1.64%, 5.62% which showed 68.90% and 56.05% decrease, when compared with the control group. The crude inpatient rate among vaccinees and control group after receiving the vaccination for three and four month were 0.62%, 0.80% and 0.28%, 1.00% respectively. The inpatient rate of oldest-age group decreased by 53.59%, compared with control group. The cost-benefit ratio generated by the use of influenza vaccine in reducing the hospitalization rate was 6.48:1 for Social Health Insurants in Xi'an city.

CONCLUSIONThe Strategy to vaccinate the social-health-insured residents on influenza in Xi'an city had gained better economic benefits in reducing the hospitalization rate of respiratory system diseases and cardiovascular diseases for mild and old-aged persons.

Adult ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; methods ; Female ; Hospitalization ; economics ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; economics ; Influenza Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Influenza, Human ; economics ; prevention & control ; Insurance, Health ; economics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Social Security ; economics

AIMTo explore the cerebral cortex mechanism of visceral nociceptive sensation and its characteristics on the cell level, we investigated the membrane electrical properties of 176 stimulus-relative neurons of greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) in anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) of 20 adult healthy cats.

METHODSWe used intracellular recording techniques of glass microelectrode and injected polarizing current into the neurons in ACG.

RESULTSAmong 176 neurons, 148 were visceral nociceptive neurons (VNNs) and 28 non-visceral nociceptive neurons (NVNNs). The membrane resistance (Rm), time constant (tau), membrane capacity (Cm), and the I-V curve of both VNNs and NVNNs in ACG were significantly different. The discharge frequency and amplitude of both VNNs and NVNNs produced by injecting depolarized current were different, too.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that structure of cell membrane, volume of the soma, and other aspects of morphology between VNNs and NVNNs in ACG may have significant differences. The results also might provide progressively experimental evidence for specific theory of pain sensation.

Animals ; Cats ; Gyrus Cinguli ; cytology ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Nociceptors ; physiology ; Splanchnic Nerves ; physiology ; Visceral Afferents ; physiology

Objective: To make a study of density and affinity of IL-6R in human leukemic cell lines, and discuss the affection of high affinity IL-6R to the targeted treatment of leukemia with IL-6-PE40 fusion protein. Methods: Radial binding assay with scatchard plot and FACS were used to analysis the density and affinity of IL-6R and protein expression of IL-6Rα and β subunits in totally 8 representative human leukemic cell lines. Results: Myelocytie, monocytic and erythrocytic leukemic cell lines U937, HL-60, KG1 and TF1 express high affinity IL-6R, whose average density per cell is 2 502,2 874, 2 319 and 9 329 respectively, however no 125I-IL-6 binding was detected on chronic myelocytic leukemic cell line K562 and lymphoblastic leukemic cell lines such as Raji, CEM and HUT28. These results correlate with those of FACS highly. Conclusion:These observations suggest that acute nonlymphoblastic leukemic cells may be more suitable for targeted treatment with IL-6-PFA0 fusion protein.

Objective To analyze and compare the imaging characteristics of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) in diagnosing hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) for improving radiological diagnostic accuracy.Methods The imaging characteristics of CEUS and dynamic CEMRI in 17 patients with histopathological diagnosis of HEHE on specimens obtained after surgical resection or fine needle biopsy were retrospectively analyzed and compared.Results On CEUS,20 lesions in 13 patients demonstrated different enhancement patterns in the arterial phase:13 lesions (65.0％) displayed gross enhancement and 7 lesions (35.0％) displayed a rimlike enhancement.Synchronous enhancement was observed in 17 lesions (85.0％) and rapid enhancement was observed in 3 lesions (15.0％).All these 20 lesions manifested as a hypoechoic mass in the portal venous and delayed phases.Other characteristics included speculated enhancement in the inner margin of the lesions and a vessel sign.On CEMRI,45 lesions (71.4％) manifested slight enhancement in the arterial phase and continuous enhancement in the portal venous and delayed phases.The remaining 18 lesions (28.6％) manifested no enhancement in the arterial phase but progressive enhancement in the portal venous and delayed phases.47 lesions (74.6％) displayed a rim-like enhancement and 16 lesions (25.4％) displayed gross enhancement.Other imaging characteristics included a halo sign,a lollipop sign,a capsular retraction sign or avessel sign.Conclusions On CEUS,characteristic manifestations of HEHE were synchronous enhancement with a quick wash-out.At peak time,the enhancement degree was equal to the normal liver parenchyma.On CEMRI,the main radiological feature of HEHE was a rim-like enhancement.In the arterial phase,the enhancement degree was not high and there was either a continuous enhancement or a progressive enhancement in the portal venous and delayed phases.Furthermore,HEHE lesions always occurred under the liver capsule and showed acapsular retraction sign,ahalo sign,a lollipop sign or a vessel sign.The combination of CEUS and CEMRI helped to improve the diagnostic rate and contributed to selection of clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic Sirolimus-eluting stents (Firebird) and imported Zotalimus-eluting stents ( Resolute) in the treatment of patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease ( ULMCA) . Methods We retrospectively enrolled 76 patients with ULMCA treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) under the guidance of IVUS in our hospital. According to the different stents used in the procedure, the patients were divided into two groups: Domestic Sirolimus-Eluting Stents group (Firebird group, n = 42) and Imported Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents group (Resolute group, n = 34) . We analyzed the baseline characteristics, coronary artery lesion characteristics, stenting strategies and any changes in left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) in both groups and investigated the long-term clinical outcomes. Results There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics, the SYNTAX scores of the coronary artery lesion and the rate of complete revascularization between the two groups. Compared with that in Firebird group, there were more cases involving the distal left main (79. 4% vs. 45. 2% , P ﹤ 0. 05) and more patients using two stents strategies (29. 4% vs. 7. 1% , P ﹤ 0. 05) in the Resolute group. The change in LVEF post-PCI had no difference between the two groups. The patients were followed up for a mean of (23. 3 ± 10. 7) months. During the follow-up period, the occurrence of MACCE had no significant difference between the two groups. In the Firebird group, there were one sudden cardiac death, one nonfatal myocardial infarction, one stroke and five patients with recurrence of angina pectoris. In the Resolute group there were one sudden cardiac death, one target lesion revascularization and four patients with recurrence of angina pectoris. Conclusions Compared with the imported Zotalimus-Eluting Stents, the domestic Sirolimus-Eluting Stents are safe and effective in the treatment of patients with unprotected left main lesions under the guidance of IVUS. The two kinds of stent showed similar long-term clinical outcomes.

Purpose To analyze and compare the imaging characteristics of contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT for hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) diagnosis.Materials and Methods The imaging characteristics of CEUS and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT performed on 16 patients with pathological-confirmed HEHE were retrospectively analyzed.Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT was performed on 5 patients,real-time CEUS was performed on 8 patients,and both examinations were performed on 3 patients.Results On CEUS,14 lesions were selected from 11 HEHE cases.In the case of enhancement mode,5 lesions displayed ringenhancement,and 9 lesions displayed global enhancement;in the case of arterial phase,11 lesions were synchronously enhanced,and 3 lesions were rapidly enhanced compared with liver parenchyma;in the case of peak time,hyper-enhancement,iso-enhancement and hypo-enhancement were observed in 2 lesions,9 lesions and 3 lesions,respectively;all 14 lesions manifested hypoechoic mass in portal phase and delayed phase.On dynamic contrast-enhanced CT,29 lesions were found in 8 HEHE cases.In the case of arterial phase,9 lesions (31.0％) showed slight inhomogeneous enhancement,4 lesions (13.8％) showed no obvious enhancement and 16 (55.2％) lesions showed slight edge enhancement;all 29 lesions presented continuous hypo-enhancement in delayed phase.Conclusion Both CEUS and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT have respective characteristic manifestations,and are of high value for the diagnosis of HEHE.

C8orf32 is a gene which has not been functionally characterized,the mRNA level of this gene is significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than that in normal breast tissues.The amplified cDNA fragment was inserted into the pGEX-6P1 vector fused with the upstream GST gene.The expression vector was transformed into the E.coli BL21(DE3) strain and expression of GST-C8orf32 fusion protein was induced by IPTG..After removal of GST tag by site-specific protease,the C8orf32 protein fused with an eight amino acid peptide tag was obtained.The purity of recombinant C8orf32 protein was about 95%.The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by N-terminal sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry.The polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing the New Zealand white rabbits with C8orf32 protein.The polyclonal antibody was proved to recognize the C8orf32 protein correctly.The purified C8orf32 protein can be used for structural and functional studies and the polyclonal antibody can be used for tissue specific protein expression profiling.

OBJECTIVETo explore the incidence of dementia among elderly people in Xi'an and its related risk factors.

METHODSSubjects that had been studied on the prevalence of dementia were follow-up, and the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD) , and vascular dementia (VD) were counted by person-years. The clinical diagnosis on dementia,AD and VD were based upon the 3rd Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical of Manual of Mental Disorder, Revised version (DSM-III-R) and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria.

RESULTS2197 subjects of non-dementia being identified in 1998, were re-surveyed in 2001. Out of them, 47 new cases of dementia including 37 cases of AD and 8 cases of VD were identified, with an annual incidence rates of dementia, AD and VD as 0.68%, 0.54% and 0.12% among those of 55 years and over and 0.89%, 0.69% and 0.17% in 65 years and over, respectively. Analysis from single factor logistic regression showed that age and education but not gender were closely related to the occurrence of AD. On the contrary, age, hypertension and stroke were closely related to the occurrence of VD.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of dementia in the "Xi' an cohort" was similar to that being reported from other countries. AD and VD were an age-related diseases but education seemed to have had great protective effect while lack of formal education served as risk factor to AD.

Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Dementia ; classification ; epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution