OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in pediatric department. METHODS:The utilization of pe-diatric prescription drugs in inpatient department of our hospital during 2008 to 2014 was analyzed in respects of number,consump-tion sum,DDDs,etc. RESULTS:The consumption sum of antimicrobial drugs increased from 657 000 yuan in 2008 to 1 453 000 yuan in 2014. The consumption sum of creatine phosphate sodium increased from 384 000 yuan in 2012 to 889 000 yuan in 2014. The consumption sum of Lysine hydrochloride and sodium chloride injection entered the top 5 in 2014,reaching 205 000 yuan. The consumption sum of essential medicines changed greatly due to varieties. Top 5 antimicrobial drugs in the list of DDDs mainly wereβ-lactam,showing a descreasing trend on the whole. CONCLUSIONS:There are some problems in use of part drugs. It is need to strengthen propaganda and intervention of rational drug use.

Objective To investigate the clinicalmanifestation,monitoring and therapeutic measure of severe enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) infection in children.MethodsForty-five cases of severe EV71 infectionwere admitted in our PICU from May 2010 to Sep 2011.The vital sign and arterial blood pressure,central venous pressure,mixed venous oxygen saturation,dynamic non-invasive heart function and urine volume were monitored.Forty-five cases were divided into 3 stages according to clinical manifestation:( 1 ) nervous system involvement stage; (2) respiratory system involvement stage; ( 3 ) circulatory system involvement stage ( compensation and decompensation).We adopted individualized remedy measure according to different stages.ResultsIn 45 cases,38 cases discharged from hospital,the cure rate was 84.4％.Among all the 38 cases,nervous system involvement was found in 19 cases,respiratory system involvement was found in 12 cases,circulatory system involvement was found in 7 cases.Seven cases died,who had circulation failure.ConclusionWe should identify severe EV71 infection early.Positive control of high fever,appropriate liquid treatment,control of high blood pressure,early respiratory support,preventment of circulation failure are the key measures for treatment.Individualized monitoring and treatment are effective in children with severe EV71 infection.

Objective To evaluate Janus kinase (JAKs) and Suppressors of cytokine signaling(SOCSs) expression in myocardium after endurance training. Methods 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats undertook 10 weeks grade treadmill training program and were sacrificed at 0 and 24 h respectively after the last exercise. JAK1,JAK2,JAK3 and SOCS1 ,SOCS2,SOCS6 expression in the myocardium were determined by im munohistochemistry method. Results The percentage of JAK1 positive cell significantly increased immediately after last running and recovered to the sedentary level 24 hrs after exercise;The percentage of JAK2 positive cell significantly increased immediately after last running and continuously at a higher level 24 hrs after exercise (P<0.01;P<0.05); JAK.3 showed no significant change either immediately or 24 hrs after exercise (P>0.05). The percentage of SOCS1 and SOCS2 positive cell also significantly increased both immediately and 24 hrs after exercise (P<0.01 ;P<0.05). However, the percentage of SOCS6 positive cell showed no significant change either immediately or 24 hrs after exercise(P>0.05). Conclusion Endurance training could induce different responses of JAK1,JAK2 and JAK3. The increased expressions of JAK1 and JAK2 might indicate the changes of JAK/STAT signal pathway in regulating myocardial function. The increased expressions of SOCS1 and SOCS2 after endurance training might indicate the increased exertion in regulating JAK/STAT signal pathway in cardiac muscle.

Objective: To determine the factors influencing unprotected sexual behavior among college students，so as to provide the reference and basis for better sex safety education in college. Methods: From March to August, 2022, 3 188 college students from three universities, namely "double first class" universities, ordinary public undergraduate universities and ordinary private universities, were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method. Cognitive Style Graphic Test, Adolescent Health related Risk Behavior Questionnaire and deographic information questionnaire were used to investigate. Results: Cognitive style and unprotected sexual behavior were positively correlated ( r=0.13, P <0.05). A total of 18.23% ( n =314) of participants reported engaging in unprotected sexual behavior. Binary Logistic regression analysis of participants grouped by cognitive style indicated major factors affecting unprotected sexual behavior among college students. In the field independence group, male students, senior students, and those with frequent romantic encounters (1, 2, and ≥3 times) had more unprotected sexual behavior ( OR =1.28, 1.79, 1.35, 1.68 , 1.84, P <0.05). Four major factors were associated with unprotected sexual behavior in the field independence group: junior and senior college students, those that study liberal arts, urban student source, and those with frequent romantic encounters (1,2 and ≥3 times) ( OR =1.91, 2.01, 1.26, 1.40, 1.46, 1.78, 1.99, P<0.05). Conclusion College students unprotected sexual behavior is associated with multiple factors. Cognitive style is an important reference variable. The factors influencing this behavior have differing effects according to the different cognitive styles among college students.

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management (TVHSIM) is an essential form of China's two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level.Its main purpose,also one of the target goals in China's new healthcare reform,is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources.This study aims to assess the village doctors' satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM.A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed.Descriptive analysis,independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors' personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales.Village doctors with different years of practice,social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels (all P＜0.05).Age (P＜0.05) and years of practice (P＜0.01) were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management.Essential medical knowledge level (P＜0.05) was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well.However,social insurance status (P＜0.05) was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management.Gender,age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors' satisfaction with TVHSIM (P＜0.01).In conclusion,in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China,a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed.In addition,the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced.Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

To identify acupuncture resources in six databases of Cochrane Library (CL) with computer retrieve. Seventy-two literatures were identified in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). Among them, 12 Cochrane systematic review (CSR) verified the effectiveness of acupuncture, 29 concerning the indeterminacy of the efficacy of acupuncture with 1 didn't support acupuncture for epilepsy and 31 remained as protocols; 121 literatures were found in Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) with more types of diseases or symptoms and rich modality comparing to CSR; 4218 randomized controlled trials and clinical controlled trials were identified in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT); 43 literatures in Cochrane Methodology Register Database (CMRD) which focused on blindness study, quality assessment of methodology of research and publication bias and so on; 25 literatures in Health Technology Assessment Database (HTAD) and 18 in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) which were centered on acupuncture analgesia. Consequently, acupuncture literatures in 6 databases of CL do provide good resources for acupuncture researchers due to its abundant content, concrete classification and high quality evidence.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Databases, Factual ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Libraries

This study was aimed to establish the quantitative analysis of hIL-2 in culture supernatant by multifunctional Luminex 100. The lymphocytes were separated from ACD-anticoagulated peripheral blood by density gradient method. The lymphocytes were stimulated with PHA for 48 hours, and frozen at -20 degrees C The relative fluorescence units of standard preparations and samples were detected by multifunctional Luminex 100, and the sample concentrations were calculated by standard curve. The results indicated that the regression equation of standard preparation is Lg (RFU) = 1.547 + 0.867 LgC. ANOVA F = 301.7427, p < 0.05 (nu = 6). The analysis of variance showed F = 301.7427, p < 0.05 (nu = 6). The test of regression coefficient showed t = 17.3707 (nu = 6), p < 0.05. It is concluded that method for induction and measurement of human IL-2 in vitro is established. The standard curve established by this way is statistically significant. There is linear relationship between the concentration of hIL-2 and fluorescence intensity.
Cell Separation ; methods ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; analysis ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Phytohemagglutinins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC) bound to activated carbon particles.

METHODSA nude mouse model with transplanted human gastric cancer was established. The mice were given MMC by i.v. or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections, or given i.p. MMC bound to activated carbon particles (MMC-CH). Pharmacokinetic assays were carried out at different time points (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h) in 7 mice per each time point, to compare the MMC concentrations revealed by the above mentioned methods.

RESULTSThe MMC concentration in peritoneal exudate, omentum and lymph nodes of MMC-CH group was significantly higher than that of MMC solution i.p. group and MMC i.v. group (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the MMC level in serum was significantly lower than that in two control groups (P < 0.001). High MMC level was maintained longer than 24 hours in the MMC-CH group. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with MMC solution resulted in a low MMC concentration in serum, peritoneal exudates and lymph nodes, and only a transient high level of MMC in the omentum. After i.v. administration, a significantly higher level of MMC concentration occurred in the serum, but only a shortly increased concentration of MMC in the omentum, and lower concentration in peritoneal exudate and lymph nodes as compared with those in the other two groups (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONHigh concentration of MMC in peritoneal exudate, omentum and lymph nodes maintained longer than 24 hours and a significantly lower MMC serum concentration can be achieved by administration of intraperitoneal administration of MMC bound to activated carbon particles.

Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Charcoal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Mitomycin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the usefulness of percentage of free prostate specific antigen (FPSA/TPSA) in serum/PSA density [(F/T)/PSAD] in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

METHODSTwo hundred and four patients who had been carried out transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy, were involved in this study. Among them, 90 patients were proved to be suffering from prostate cancer, and other 114 patients were identified as benign prostate hypertrophy. The effect of total serum PSA level, FPSA/TPSA, PSAD and (F/T)/PSAD in the diagnosis of prostate cancer were investigated, and at the same time, selecting patients who should be carried out a prostate biopsy.

RESULTSThe mean values of (F/T)/PSAD were significantly lower for patients with prostate cancer in different PSA levels (<4.0, 4.0-, 10.1-, >20.0 microg/L), when compared with benign prostate hypertrophy patients. This difference has arrived statistical significance (P < 0.05). (F/T)/PSAD could provide higher specificity for diagnosing prostate cancer than FPSA/TPSA or PSAD. Among all patients, at the same higher sensitivity (about 90%), the specificity of FPSA/TPSA, PSAD and (F/T)/PSAD was 31.6%, 45.6% and 64.0%, respectively. At the same time, it was suggested that clinicians use different cutoffs for (F/T)/PSAD in different PSA level. When PSA level of patients was no more than 4.0 microg/L, 2.5 as the commended cutoff for (F/T)/PSAD was preferred; if PSA level was between 4.0 microg/L and 20.0 microg/L, 0.8 was a more suitable cutoff; 0.5 also could be taken as an appropriate cutoff in case of PSA level being higher than 20.0 microg/L.

CONCLUSIONSKeeping high sensitivity, using of (F/T)/PSAD can improve the diagnostic specificity of prostate cancer significantly.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the detection of prostate cancer in different prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and the predict value of PSA, digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound scan (TRUS) and PSA density (PSAD).

METHODSThe clinical data of 634 cases who had underwent transrectal ultrasound guided systematic sextant prostate biopsies between April 1996 to December 2002 due to being suspicious of prostate cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The detection of prostate cancer in different PSA groups, namely PSA < or = 4.0, 4.1-, 10.1-, > 20.0 microg/L, and the predict values of PSA, DRE, TRUS and PSAD were statistically analyzed using t test, chi2 test and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe rates of prostate cancer detection in different PSA groups were 11.6%, 26.8%, 39.8% and 68.6%, respectively. The higher the PSA, the higher the rate of prostate cancer detection, the same was the positive predictive value of DRE and TRUS. The sensitivity and specificity of PSA > 4.0 microg/L were 93.0% and 33.0%, and the efficiency of DRE and TRUS were very low. Logistic regression analysis indicated that PSAD was the most risk factor of prostate cancer in the group of PSA 4.1-20.0 microg/L (OR = 687.09 +/- 646.96, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSThe rates of prostate cancer detection in different PSA groups are different compared with other countries. The screening roles of DRE and TRUS are dependent on PSA level. Utilization of the screening protocol which to stratify cases into three PSA groups, namely PSA < or = 4.0, 4.1 - 20.0, > 20.0 microg/L, can elevate the positive rate of prostate biopsies without sacrificing cancers detected.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; Digital Rectal Examination ; methods ; Early Diagnosis ; Endosonography ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; methods