Objective To explore the correlation factors for surgical treatment in lumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods A total of 46 patients with lumbar spinal tuberculosis who underwent surgical treatment were analyzed.The possible correlation between the clinicopathologic features and clinical outcome were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results Nine patients failed in surgical treatment.Multiple analysis showed that the number of infected vertebrae (OR =6.44,95％ CI:2.47-19.92) and internal fixation (OR =10.76,95％ CI:3.50-18.74) had significant correlation with the clinical outcome.Conclusions Surgical treatment for lumbar spinal tuberculosis has a favorable outcome in patients.The number of infected vertebrae and internal fixation are significant risk factors for poor outcome.

Acupuncture is a traditional empirical medicine, and evidence-based medicine(EBM) is a new medical method and development of the empirical medicine. Since 1990s, Chinese acupuncture workers began to absorb and use the methods and principles of EBM to guide acupuncture clinical research and practice. Now more and more domestic acupuncture clinicians use and follow the methods and principles of EBM. On the systemic review of acupuncture-associated articles in Cochrane library, previously effective acupuncture therapy lacks adequate evidences, which may be related to the low quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs). In the future, only developing specialized team of acupuncture clinical research and clinical research center can radically elevate the levels of acupuncture clinical research and evaluation. Meanwhile, developing China's evidence-based acupuncture should base itself on the characteristics of acupuncture, such as emphasis on original research in ancient books,high-quality single RCTs and systemic review of non-randomized researches.

Objective To detect the serum concentration of procollagen type Ⅲ aminoterminal peptide (PⅢP) and laminin(LN) in patients with congestive heart failure(CHF),in order to explore the value in diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis.Methods In 44 patients with CHF and 30 healthy controls,serum concentration of PⅢP and LN were measured by competitive radioimmunoassay.Results Serum concentration of PⅢP in patients with CHF significantly increased,as compared with normal controls(5 5?1 1)?g/L vs (3 8?1 5)?g/L(P

Exosome is a self-secreted phospholipid bilayer nanovesicles, and has shown great potential in drug delivery field due to the important advantages of low immunogenicity and homologous targeting. Phototherapy, mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), utilize light to activate photoactive drug for tumor cell killing. The advanced therapeutic strategy shows low toxic side-effect and non-invasion precise advantages, and thus has made great progress in tumor treatment over the past few years. Therefore, using exosomes as a drug delivery system to deliver phototherapeutic agents can improve therapeutic performances with a reduced side-effect, and further enhance their application potential for clinical tumor therapy. This review focus on the rising cross-subjects field involving exosomes and phototherapy, and mainly introduce the research progress and relative case of exosomes-based delivery system for cancer phototherapy. Additionally, the advantages and challenges of exosome-based phototherapy are also discussed and proposed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; immunology ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; T-Lymphocytes ; physiology

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods:A total of 30 eligible cases were treated by needling Shenting (GV 24), Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Fengfu (GV 16), Mingmen (GV 1) and Yongquan (KI 1). Upon arrival of qi, the G6805-II electric stimulator was connected to Shenting (GV 24) and Baihui (GV 20) (one pair), to Dazhui (GV 14) and Fengfu (GV 16) (one pair) and to bilateral Yongquan (KI 1) (one pair) for 25 min, using continuous wave at the frequency of 2-100 Hz and voltage of 2-4 V. With a tolerable intensity, the EA was conducted once a day for 10 d (one treatment course). There was a 3-day interval between two courses. After three courses, the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), revised Hasegawa dementia scale (HDS-R), activities of daily living (ADL) and neurological function defect scale (NFDS). Results:After EA treatment, the MMSE and HDS-R scores were significantly increased (P<0.01) and the ADL and NFDS scores were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion:EA is effective for AD and can improve the overall intelligence and repair neurologic deficits in AD patients.

Objective:Some antigens of M.tb to culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) for assaying their proliferation and activation,so as to signify whether lipid antigens of M.tb have specific immune responses in host against M.tb infection or not.Methods:We treated PBMC with several lipid antigens of M.tb to explore the ability of these antigens to activate immunity in healthy individuals.We measured and analyzed cell proliferation by labeling cells with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl amino ester (CFSE) and subjecting them to flow cytometry (FCM).The production of IFN-γ,TNF-αand IL-4 by T cell subsets (NKT,CD4+, CD8+,andγδT) from healthy donors was analyzed by FCM after stimulation with autologous immature dendritic cells pre-cultured with M.tb lipid antigens.The tested M.tb lipid antigens were the total lipid (TLIP),Acetone-Soluble Lipids (ASLIP),Purified Sulfolipid (PSLIP),Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and Lipomannan (LM) levels.Medium free of lipid antigens(WCL,CFP,LPS,Mtb-HAg and blank) was used as a control.Results:We found the proportion of proliferative NKT and CD8+T cells significantly increased in all lipid groups (P<0.05).ASLIP,LAM and LM promoted non-proliferative CD4+T cells to secrete IL-4 and proliferative ones to secrete IFN-γ( P<0.05).All lipid antigens promoted both proliferativeγδT cells and CD8+T cells to secrete IFN-γand TNF-α,but the proportion of TNF-α-secreting cells in these populations decreased in the LM group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: Lipid antigens may affect the CD1-restricted T cells of the host to fight M.tb infection.

Objective To explore the expression of aquaporin (AQP)-4 in white matter of spinal cord after spinal cord contusion (SCC). Methods 88 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to sham operation group and SCC group. The model was established by Al-len's method. BBB sore was used to assess the motor function of rats. The relative expression of AQP-4 mRNA was determined by Q-PCR technique. The localization of AQP-4 was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results BBB score showed motor dysfunction in SCC group, and it increased 7 and 14 days after SCC (t>5.061, P<0.001). The level of AQP-4 mRNA decreased on the 1st and 3rd days (t>50.44, P<0.001), and increased on the 5th day (t=-3.968, P=0.001), and lasted until the 28th day (t=-4.227, P=0.001) compared with that on the 3rd day. The immunohistochemistry showed AQP-4 was located on the process of glial cell and vascular endothelial cells in white matter of spi-nal cord. Conclusion AQP-4 may play various roles at different stages in SCC.

Objective To explore a simple and efficient method for isolating and culturing mouse primordial germ cells (mPGCs) in vitro in order to provide the sufficient mPGCs sources of mouse model .Methods The 12 .5 dpc mouse embryonic gen-ital ridge were isolated in vitro and cut into pieces ,then the organization to adherent culture was performed in a-MEM medium con-taining fetal calf serum and insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and recombinant endothelial growth factor(rEGF) .The inverted microscope was used to observe the cellular morphology .Flow cytometry was used to identify the stage specific embryonic antigens of cultured cells .Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunofluo-rescence were used to identify the pluripotency gene Oct4 expressions of stem cells and specific genes in the meiosis phaseⅠ .Results The in vitro isolated and cultured mPGCs showed good cell morphology ,extremely strong proliferation capacity and the positive expression of SSEA-1 and negative expression of SSEA-4 ,Oct4 ,meanwhile the expressions of Stra8 ,Vasa ,Scp3 ,Zp3 were detected to be positive .Conclusion Using this culture method can culture the high purity of mPGCs with the excellent stem cell properties and extremely strong proliferative ability ,moreover which makes the cells entering the meiosis stage .

Objective To investigate the etiology,clinical features and outcome of hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a tertiary hospital.Methods Positive blood cultures were obtained from the microbiological laboratory in Fuxing Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 1,2012 to December 31,2012.BSIS events were identified and the epidemiology data were collected.Results A total of 149 patients and 154 BSIs events were confirmed by pathogenic and clinical evidence.The inpatients' BSIs rate was 0.8％ in our hospital in 2012.According to the disease entities of the first BSIs onset,15 patients (10.1％) were from surgical departments,83 patients (55.7％) from the medical departments,and 51 patients (34.2％) from ICU.Thirty-three patients (22.1％) were diagnosed as septic shock.Sixty-eight patients died during hospital stay.The in-hospital mortality rate was 45.6％.Among the 154 BSIs events,125 (81.2％) were nosocomial and 29 (18.8％) were community-acquired.A total of 188 strains were isolated from all BSIs,including 106 strains of (56.4％) gram-negative bacilli,67 (35.6％) strains of gram-positive bacteria,and 15 (8.0％) strains of fungi.One hundred and fifty-nine strains of bacteria (84.6％) were isolated from 125 events of hospital-acquired BSIs.Twenty-six strains of bacteria were from catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs).In gram-negative BSIs,there were more enterobacteriaceae in community-acquired BSIs.More non-fermentative bacteria were found in hospitalacquired BSIs than in community-acquired ones.The distribution of gram-negative bacilli was quite different between surgical departments,non-surgical departments and ICU (P =0.049).Conclusions Pathogens of BSIs are quite different according to disease entities and where the patients are from.Local epidemiology of BSIs and distribution of related pathogens are helpful to physicians searching the optimal empirical antibiotics and improving the outcome.