AIM: To observe the changes of the number of NKT cells in spleens and livers of induced model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and to study the role NKT cells play in the immunoregulation of EAE. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG<,35-55> peptide and received clinical evaluation daily. The mice were sacrificed at the fastigium and the splenic and hepatic lymphocytes were isolated. The changes of NKT cells in normal and EAE C57BL/6 mice were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percent of NKT cells in lymphocytes of different organs of EAE model were greater decreased than in that of normal mice. The percent of NKT cells in splenic lymphocytes of normal mice was 2.22± 0.14, while that in EAE mice was 1.94±0.07 (P < 0.05). The percent of NKI cells in hepatic lymphocytes of normal mice was 5.52±2.17, while that in EAE mice was 2.67± 1.41 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The proliferation of splenic and hepatic NKT cells in C57BL/6 mice are inhibited in EAE model, which may indicate that the immune function conducted by NKT cell is down regulated in EAE mice.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of hemangioma of small intestine in children.Methods Location,pathology,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases from our hospital and 44 cases reported in our courtry with hemangioma of the small bowel were analyzed from 1994 to 2004.Results These tumors locating in jejunum,ileum,duodenum as well as parts small intestine were 31.9%,42.6%,4.2% and 21.3%,respectively.Solitary and multiple tumors were 29.8% and 70.2% separately.The histopatholical report of 10 cases revealed that capillary,cavernous,mixed type hemangioma and hematolymphangioma were 2,6,1 and 1 cases,respectively.Thirty nine children presented with recurrent black stool.Five patients manifest in the form of intussusception.One child passed a bloody stool so massive as to cause shock.Small-bowel obstruction occurred in 5 cases.The hemoglobin of 38 patients were lower than 90 g/L.The incidence of preoperative diagnosis was only 10.6%.All of patients were performed operation.Conclusions The frequent locations of hemangioma of small intestine are in ileum and jejunum,and multiple tumors are common.The diseases are characterized as recurrent hematochezia with painlessness.Preoperative diagnosis of a small bowel hemangioma can be very difficult.The segments of small bowel with hemangioma resection are the most method of the treatment.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transdermal delivery characteristics of Gentiana macrophylla complex components system through different parts of the skin under micro-needles conditions. Two-chamber diffusion cells were used, different parts of isolated skin and micro-needle pretreated isolated mouse skin were applied separately, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) similarity evaluation methods were used to evaluate transdermal delivery characteristics of Gentiana macrophylla complex components system on receiving pool and the permeation rate and penetration amount of Gentiopicroside at different parts of mouse skin. In the 24 h, the similarity between receiving fluid which was on passive transdermal delivery and micro-needle transdermal delivery conditions and original fluid were ranged from 83.0% to 98.9%; By the micro-needle pretreatment with different parts of the mouse skin, the time that Gentiana macrophylla complex components system though abdominal skin to the receiving fluid which reached 90% similarity compared with that of original fluid was 4 h, which was 18 h at back skin and 12 h at neck skin separately. Micro-needles can be used as the ideal ingredients for traditional Chinese medicine complex transdermal delivery; transdermal absorption time delay could be greatly reduced and its bioavailability was improved. The permeation rate and similarity to original liquid of Chinese medicine complex components increased significantly in the abdominal skin relative to the neck and back skin under micro-needle conditions.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; Iridoid Glucosides ; pharmacokinetics ; Mice ; Needles ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Skin Absorption

Early restoration of blood flow to the ischemic myocardium not only saves myocardium but also induces reperfusion injury. While no specific therapy to reduce reperfusion injury has yet been established, recent laboratory studies have shown that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, insulin, and postconditioning can effectively prevent reperfusion injury in various experimental settings and animal species. The potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotection initiated by these interventions may include activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), and modulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. These encouraging laboratory findings may help us develop successful clinical strategies to salvage reperfused myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ; physiology ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocardium

Objective To study the expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 in T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL/ALL), and to explore the relationship between their expression and clinical pathological factors and prognosis of the disease. Methods PD-L1 and PD-1 were detected in 56 patients with T-LBL/ALL by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Twenty patients with reactive hyperplasia were selected as the control group. Results Immunohistochemical results showed that PD-1 was not expressed in T-LBL/ALL tumor cells and 17.9 %(10/56) in tumor infiltrating immune cells,which was statistically significant compared with control group(18/20,90 %) (P= 0.000). The positive rates of PD-L1 protein were 37.5 % (21/56) and 10.0 % (2/20) in the experimental group and the control group, respectively and accordingly the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P =0.044). Results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression levels of PD-L1 and PD-1 mRNA in 56 cases of T-LBL/ALL were significantly higher than those in control group (12.255 vs. 2.575, 37.990 vs. 3.615), and the differences were both statistically significant (both P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, PD-L1 protein and mRNA expression were closely correlated with prognosis(all P <0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that overexpression of PD-L1 protein and age (≤25 years old)were independent prognostic risk factors(both P <0.05).Conclusion In T-LBL/ALL,PD-1/PD-L1 may be involved in the immune escape of the tumor,which is expected to be a new target for the treatment of diseases.

0.05),while hyperlactacidemia existed in 21 patients(4.62%).LA levels increased with the creatinine levels,especially in those with Cr more than 90 ?mol/L.However,LA levels increased with the reduction of GFR,especially in those with GFR less than 80 mL/min.It was revealed by correlation analysis that LA level was positively correlated with Cr,ALT and BMI.The optimal cutoff of Cr inducing the lactic acidemia was 95.35 ?mol/L.Conclusion The baseline LA levels of patients with T2DM are similar to those of healthy adults,and LA levels are mainly influenced by BMI and renal and hepatic function.Hyperlactacidemia may be induced when Cr reaches a level more than 95 ?mol/L.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level of IgG antibody to varicella in the healthy population aged 1-19 years in Harbin, China. METHODS: Random sampling was performed to select 1 203 healthy individuals aged 1-19 years in Harbin. According to age, they were divided into ≥1 years group (n=240), ≥4 years group (n=396), ≥7 years group (n=364) and 14-19 years group (n=203). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentration of varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-IgG antibody in serum, and a concentration of VZV-IgG antibody of ≥100 mIU/mL was considered positive, suggesting that the subject had the ability to resist VZV infection. RESULTS: The overall positive rate of VZV-IgG antibody was 71.49% (860/1 203), and the concentration of VZV-IgG antibody was 447±17 mIU/mL. The concentration of VZV-IgG antibody tended to increase with age (P<0.05). The positive rate of VZV-IgG antibody in the urban population was significantly higher than that in the rural population (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the positive rate of VZV-IgG antibody between the populations with different doses of varicella vaccination (P<0.05), and the population with 2 doses of vaccination had the highest positive rate of VZV-IgG antibody. There was a significant difference in the concentration of VZV-IgG antibody between the populations with different medical histories (P<0.05), and the population with a past history of varicella had the highest concentration. CONCLUSIONS Among the healthy population aged 1-19 years in Harbin, there is a significant difference in the level of VZV-IgG antibody between the urban and rural populations, as well as between different age groups. Varicella vaccination should be strengthened in areas with a low vaccination rate and the population aged <14 years.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; Chickenpox ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Young Adult

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of zinc deficiency on cardiomyocyte survival and the underlying mechanisms. Simulated zinc deficiency model was developed in H9c2 cardiac cells with zinc chelator N, N, N', N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN). MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Morphological changes of the cells were observed by optical microscope. Lacate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of the cells were determined with LDH assay kit. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) was measured with confocal microscope using JC-1 dye. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by DCFH-DA staining. PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK), SNAP, which can activate ERK, and the ROS scavenger, MPG, were respectively used to investigate mechanism of signal transduction. The phosphorylation of ERK was detected by Western blot. The results showed that TPEN significantly induced the cell morphological damage and the loss of ΔΨ, increased LDH leakage, and promoted ROS generation. In the H9c2 cells, TPEN significantly inhibited ERK phosphorylation and decreased cell viability, which was potentiated by PD98059, whereas both SNAP and MPG reversed the inhibitory effects of TPEN. These data suggest that zinc deficiency leads to the injury in H9c2 cardiac cells through down-regulating ERK pathway. Increased intracellular ROS may account for the effect of zinc deficiency.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Down-Regulation ; Ethylenediamines ; Fluoresceins ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Signal Transduction ; Zinc

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Fatty Liver ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Ligands ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects and safty of manipulative reduction with percutaneous poking K-wire fixation for the treatment of the calcaneus fractures and analyze the indication of the minimal invasion.

METHODSFrom December 2008 to December 2011,135 closed calcaneal fractures cases were divided randomly into poking group and plate group, treated respectively by percutaneous poking reduction and operative reduction. In poking group, there were 69 cases (82 feet) including 60 males and 9 females, with an average age of (43.29+/-10.46) years ranging from 18 to 64 years; 30 cases of left, 26 cases of right and 13 cases of double; 54 feet of Essex-Lopresti classification tongue form, 28 feet of joint compression; 33 feet of Sanders type II ,49 of type III. In plate group, there were 66 cases (75 feet) including 58 males and 8 females,with an average age of (46.00+/-2.42) years ranging from 21 to 63 years; 31 cases of left, 26 cases of right and 9 cases of double; 48 feet of Essex-Lopresti classification tongue form, 27 feet of joint compression; 28 feet of Sanders type II, 47 of type III. According to Kerr scoring standard,clinical effects and complications were evaluated combining with Sanders and Essex-Lopresti classification.

RESULTSAll 135 cases were followed up after 24 weeks. Fractures were recoveried in 8 to 12 weeks (means 10.2 weeks). In poking group, there were 2 cases of infection, 5 cases of wire movement; in plate group,18 cases of wound local skin necrosis, 5 cases of calf intestines nerve injured; there were statistical significant (P<0.05). Postoperative evaluation of Sanders type II after 24 weeks, the proportion of excellent results was above 70%,and there were no significant differences on effects of tongue form and compressing form of calcaneus fractures with percutaneous poking and operative redution (P>0.05). In the caes of Sanders type III, there were no significant differences on effects of tongue form fractures with percutaneous poking and operative reduction (P>0.05). There were significant differences on effects and complications of compressing form fractures (P<0.01), operative reduction better than percutaneous poking. Pain, walking,Kerr scoring of tongue form fractures of Sanders II , III with poking reduction were better than compression fractures. In compression fractures of Sanders Ill, plate internal fixation was better than poking redution in working and walking function, there were significant difference (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor tongue form or compressing form of Sanders type II and tongue form of Sanders type III, manipulative reduction with percutaneous poking K-wire fixation has advantages of minimal invasion, minimized complications. Compressing form of Sanders type III fracture should be treated with operative redution.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Wires ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged