OBJECTIVE: The relationship between fish consumption and stroke is inconsistent, and it is uncertain whether this association varies across predicted stroke risks. METHODS: A cohort study comprising 95,800 participants from the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China project was conducted. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on fish consumption. Participants were stratified into low- and moderate-to-high-risk categories based on their 10-year stroke risk prediction scores. Hazard ratios ( HRs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models and additive interaction by relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI). RESULTS: During 703,869 person-years of follow-up, 2,773 incident stroke events were identified. Higher fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of stroke, particularly among moderate-to-high-risk individuals ( HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.47-0.60) than among low-risk individuals ( HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.85). A significant additive interaction between fish consumption and predicted stroke risk was observed (RERI = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.80-5.36; SI = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.42-1.89; AP = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.28-0.43). CONCLUSION Higher fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of stroke, and this beneficial association was more pronounced in individuals with moderate-to-high stroke risk.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Stroke/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Incidence ; Aged ; Animals ; Fishes ; Risk Factors ; Diet ; Seafood ; Adult ; Cohort Studies

Objective To assess the global,regional,and national burdens of eye cancer between 1990 and 2021,examine its change trends with the age,sex,geographic location,and socio-demographic index(SDI)level,and provide scientific evidence for the development of eye cancer prevention and control strategies.Methods Based on the data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)study,the global burden of eye cancer was evaluated using the indicator system inclu-ding incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs).The change trend of the burden of eye cancer with time was quantified with Join-point regression.Frontier analysis methods were used to evaluate the relationship between the burdens of eye cancer with SDI.Results From 1990 to 2021,the global incidence,age-standardized inci-dence rate(ASIR),prevalence and age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of eye cancer showed an upward trend over time.Conversely,the mortality,age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),DALYs,and age-standardized DALY rate(ASDR)declined during the same period.All the above indicators in males were higher than those in females.Regionally,Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa bore the highest disease burden,while Oceania had the lowest.It should be noted that East Asia experienced the most significant increase in ASIR,and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa showed the greatest rise in ASPR.Meanwhile,Southern Latin America demonstrated the most pronounced decrease in both ASIR and ASPR.East Asia also re-corded the largest reductions in ASMR and ASDR.At the national level,Malawi had the highest disease burden in 2021.To-kelau exhibited the most substantial increase while Norway showed the greatest decrease in disease burden.Age-specific analysis revealed a bimodal distribution,with children under 5 years and adults over 80 being the most affected groups.Furthermore,SDI-based analysis indicated a wave-like relationship between SDI and ASIR/ASPR,and both ASMR and AS-DR declined with the increasing SDI.Conclusion The global burden of eye cancer shows a decline trend generally.The difference in the burden of eye cancer between regional and national levels may be related to medical resource allocation and public health policies.The results of this study provide scientific evidence for the development of tailored eye cancer prevention and control strategies.It is recommended that more attention should be paid to high-burden regions,resource distribution should be optimized,early screening should be enhanced,and targeted interventions for different age and gen-der groups should be implemented.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological burden of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)in China and low-,middle-,and high-socio-demographic index(SDI)countries,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of AMD.Methods The data published by Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990 to 2021,in-cluding the number of cases,prevalence,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),and DALYs rate,were utilized to analyze the characteristics of AMD in China and low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries and assess the burden of AMD and its corre-lation with SDI.Results In 2021,the number of patients with AMD and DALYs in China ranked first in the world.Be-sides,the age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)and age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDR)in China ranked 46th and 64th in the world,respectively.The number of patients with AMD and DALYs in high-SDI countries were significantly lower than those in middle-and low-SDI countries.The ASPR and ASDR in China were higher than those in high-SDI countries but lower than those in low-SDI countries,and both exceeded the global averages.The prevalence of AMD among people aged 55 years and above was significantly higher.In high-SDI countries,the highest prevalence of AMD was observed a-mong people aged 80 years or above.The prevalence of AMD in China and middle-SDI countries peaked among people aged 65-69 years;whereas that in low-SDI countries peaked among people aged 75-79 years.The AMD burden in females was significantly higher than that in males.The global number of AMD patients exhibited an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021,with the fastest increase observed in China(3.11-fold).The ASPR in China showed a wave-like increasing trend,while that in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries showed a decreasing trend during the same period.The overall DALY showed an increasing trend,and the increase in the DALYs in China(2.84-fold)exceeded that in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries.However,the overall ASDR declined,with the most significant decline observed in high-SDI countries.The AS-DR in China has recently rebounded after a wave-like decline from 1990 to 2021.The analysis results of the slope index of inequality(SII)and concentration index(CI)showed that the gap in the AMD burden between high-income and low-in-come countries widened progressively from 1990 to 2021,with the burden being more severe in low-SDI countries.Conclu-sion In 2021,the number of patients with AMD and DALYs in China ranked first in the world.The overall disease burden of AMD in China was between that of high-and low-SDI countries but was higher than global averages.The prevalence of AMD among people aged 55 years and above was significantly higher,and the burden was higher for females than for males.From 1990 to 2021,the number of patients with AMD and the prevalence of this disease in China exhibited an in-creasing trend,while those in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries showed a decreasing trend.The overall DALYs in-creased,while the overall ASDR decreased.The gap in the AMD burden between high-income and low-income countries widened,and the burden was more severe in low-SDI countries.It was concluded that the burden of AMD was closely re-lated to age,gender,and SDI,and that its distribution characteristics and trends should be considered in the formulation of prevention and control strategies.

Objective To summarize the potential risk factors that may arise in the national drug sampling and testing inspection process in recent years,to focuse on the operation of the quality management system,and to put forward proposals on how to do a good job under the new drug regulatory model of sampling and testing work.Methods Focusing on the investigation of data integrity and authenticity,the analysis focuses on the analysis of risk points such as reagent management,standard substance management,instrument,and facility management,electronic data management and other issues,and carries out a comprehensive verification of the effectiveness of the operation of the quality management system and so on.Results National drug sampling and testing institutes should strengthen the overall quality management,according to the operation of the laboratory,combined with their respective risk characteristics,reagent management,standard substance management,instrument and facility management,electronic data management and other aspects of the risk of systematic sorting and the establishment of the risk alert function,the development of risk warning lists,and the implementation of the corresponding risk control strategy.Conclusion National drug sampling and testing institutes must strengthen the operation of the process of influencing factors in the effective control of the emphasis on the testing of the work of the key control points and continue to standardize and improve the inspection process of the quality system to ensure that the quality of the various activities in a controlled state.

Ocular trauma is a leading cause of permanent visual impairment and loss of working a-bility.Among them,orbital foreign body injuries are often accompanied by multiple injuries to the eye-ball and surrounding tissues,adversely affecting the quality of life.This paper reported a 33-year-old male patient with right orbital foreign body resulting in eyeball contusion,extraocular muscle injury,and restricted ocular movement.After surgical removal of the foreign body combined with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment,the patient's visual acuity improved from 0.4 to 0.8,and ocular motility function significantly improved.This suggests that comprehensive treatment contributes to promoting functional recovery and enhancing clinical efficacy.

OBJECTIVE T o assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of aztreonam-avibactam against metallo-β—lacta-mase(MBL)-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)using different antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods,evaluate the consistency of results based on the latest breakpoints recommended by European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing(EUCAST),and analyze the clinical applicability.METHODS The imipenem-or meropenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated from the clinical specimens of Bei-jing Chaoyang Hospital from Jan.2019 to Mar.2023,MBL-producing CRE were selected after they were con-firmed by colloidal gold immunoassay and Sanger sequencing as the study subjects.The minimum inhibitory con-centrations(MICs)of single aztreonam and aztreonam-avibactam compounds were determined by using broth mi-crodilution method.In addition,the disk diffusion method and the gradient diffusion method were employed to further detect the in vitro susceptibility to aztreonam-avibactam.RESULTS Among the 87 strains of MBL-producing CRE that were included in the study,Escherichia coli was the most common species,accounting for 44.83％.NDM-5 was the predominant carbapenemase type,detected in 48.28％of the isolates.According to the latest EUCAST break-points,6 isolates were aztreonam-avibactam-resistant strains based on broth microdilution method,all of which were E.coli,and the resistance rate was 6.90％(6/87).However,the resistance rate that was determined by the disk diffu-sion method was significantly higher(22.99％,20/87).Among these,14 strains was within the area of technical uncer-tainty/resistant,making result interpretation difficult.In addition,the categorical agreement between the gradient diffu-sion method and the broth microdilution method reached up to 98.85％.CONCLUSIONS Aztreonam-avibactam has high antimicrobial activity against MBL-producing CRE.However,based on the latest EUCAST breakpoints,the antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method results of some strains are hard to interpret.It is necessary to integrate with other methods for further validation.

Purpose To investigate the predictive value of the ratio of the square of the cross-sectional perimeter(C2)to the area(A)of the venous lumen(C2/A)in relation to lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(DVT)among orthopaedic inpatients.Materials and Methods A total of 150 inpatients without DVT from the Orthopedics Department of Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Air Force Military Medical University were prospectively chosen from June 2020 to June 2021.Before the operation,the parameters including A,C,C2/A,inner diameter values,venous flow velocity and blood flow volume of the common femoral vein(CFV),superficial femoral vein(SFV)and popliteal vein(POV)were examined by ultrasound.After the operation,the formation of thrombus was monitored using ultrasound.Subsequently,the clinical data and ultrasound parameters of the thrombus group and the non-thrombus group were compared.Moreover,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to assess the efficacy and cut-off values of each parameter in predicting DVT.Results There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in CFV inner diameter,CFV blood flow,CFV-C,CFV-A,CFV-C2/A,SFV blood flow,SFV-C,SFV-C2/A,POV blood flow,POV-C,POV-A and POV-C2/A(t=2.64-10.41,all P＜0.05).When the cut-off values of the ultrasonic parameters CFV-C2/A,SFV-C2/A,and POV-C2/A were＞16.01,＞16.53,and＞16.54 respectively,the area under the curve for predicting DVT was the largest,which were 0.906,0.920,and 0.870 respectively.The sensitivities were 83.8%,78.4%,and 81.1%respectively,and the specificities were 82.3%,89.4%,and 85.8%respectively.Conclusion The novel ultrasonic parameter C2/A exhibits a relatively high predictive efficacy for DVT,and it is capable of furnishing novel reference information for the implementation of early DVT prevention in the clinical setting.

Objective To assess the global,regional,and national burdens of eye cancer between 1990 and 2021,examine its change trends with the age,sex,geographic location,and socio-demographic index(SDI)level,and provide scientific evidence for the development of eye cancer prevention and control strategies.Methods Based on the data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)study,the global burden of eye cancer was evaluated using the indicator system inclu-ding incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs).The change trend of the burden of eye cancer with time was quantified with Join-point regression.Frontier analysis methods were used to evaluate the relationship between the burdens of eye cancer with SDI.Results From 1990 to 2021,the global incidence,age-standardized inci-dence rate(ASIR),prevalence and age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of eye cancer showed an upward trend over time.Conversely,the mortality,age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),DALYs,and age-standardized DALY rate(ASDR)declined during the same period.All the above indicators in males were higher than those in females.Regionally,Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa bore the highest disease burden,while Oceania had the lowest.It should be noted that East Asia experienced the most significant increase in ASIR,and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa showed the greatest rise in ASPR.Meanwhile,Southern Latin America demonstrated the most pronounced decrease in both ASIR and ASPR.East Asia also re-corded the largest reductions in ASMR and ASDR.At the national level,Malawi had the highest disease burden in 2021.To-kelau exhibited the most substantial increase while Norway showed the greatest decrease in disease burden.Age-specific analysis revealed a bimodal distribution,with children under 5 years and adults over 80 being the most affected groups.Furthermore,SDI-based analysis indicated a wave-like relationship between SDI and ASIR/ASPR,and both ASMR and AS-DR declined with the increasing SDI.Conclusion The global burden of eye cancer shows a decline trend generally.The difference in the burden of eye cancer between regional and national levels may be related to medical resource allocation and public health policies.The results of this study provide scientific evidence for the development of tailored eye cancer prevention and control strategies.It is recommended that more attention should be paid to high-burden regions,resource distribution should be optimized,early screening should be enhanced,and targeted interventions for different age and gen-der groups should be implemented.

Objective:To explore the genotype and the clinical phenotype of SCN2A-related developmental delay in children. Methods:A case series study was adopted. Collect clinical data from 10 cases of children with SCN2A gene variants diagnosed with global developmental delay/intellectual disability who were admitted to the Children′s Hospital between July 2019 and March 2023. Summarize the clinical phenotype and genotype based on clinical data such as general information, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory tests, genetic testing results, and comprehensive pediatric neuropsychological development assessment. Results:A total of 10 patients were recruited, including 7 males and 3 females, with an age range of 27 days to 5 years and 9 months. 9 patients underwent children′s neuropsychological and behavioral assessments, and the results were consistent with global developmental delay, including 2 mild cases, 4 moderate cases, and 3 severe cases. 3 cases had autism spectrum disorder, and 2 cases had epilepsy. 6 patients underwent complete head MRI examination, and 4 of them showed abnormalities, including delayed myelination, widening of the local extra brain space in the frontal lobe, and abnormal frontal lobe morphology. All 10 cases had point variants. Among them, 9 cases are de novo and 1 case is maternal inheritance. Out of 10 cases, there were 5 cases with copy number variations, but all of them were of unknown significance. Among the 10 variants, 8 have been reported and 2 have not been reported, namely c.4145A>T(p.N1382I) and c.4937T>A(p.I1646N). In this study, 4 out of 10 patients with SCN2A variants had variation sites located in the S4 segment of domain which constitute Nav1.2, the sodium ion channel encoded by SCN2A. The developmental quotient level was lower when the variation sites were located in the S4 segment of domain, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.101, P=0.017), indicating that the severity of developmental delay may be related to the localization of amino acids corresponding to variant sites within the protein domain. Conclusion:SCN2A mutations are strongly associated with diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, the phenotypic spectrum of SCN2A variants encompassed epilepsy, global developmental delay, and autism spectrum disorder. Affected individuals exhibited early-onset developmental delays, predominantly moderate to severe in severity. Voltage-sensing domain dysfunction in sodium channels may constitute a critical pathomechanism underlying neurodevelopmental impairments. Further electrophysiological characterization and molecular mechanistic studies are warranted todelineate the genotype-phenotype correlations between specific variant loci and clinical severity.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological burden of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)in China and low-,middle-,and high-socio-demographic index(SDI)countries,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of AMD.Methods The data published by Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990 to 2021,in-cluding the number of cases,prevalence,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),and DALYs rate,were utilized to analyze the characteristics of AMD in China and low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries and assess the burden of AMD and its corre-lation with SDI.Results In 2021,the number of patients with AMD and DALYs in China ranked first in the world.Be-sides,the age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)and age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDR)in China ranked 46th and 64th in the world,respectively.The number of patients with AMD and DALYs in high-SDI countries were significantly lower than those in middle-and low-SDI countries.The ASPR and ASDR in China were higher than those in high-SDI countries but lower than those in low-SDI countries,and both exceeded the global averages.The prevalence of AMD among people aged 55 years and above was significantly higher.In high-SDI countries,the highest prevalence of AMD was observed a-mong people aged 80 years or above.The prevalence of AMD in China and middle-SDI countries peaked among people aged 65-69 years;whereas that in low-SDI countries peaked among people aged 75-79 years.The AMD burden in females was significantly higher than that in males.The global number of AMD patients exhibited an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021,with the fastest increase observed in China(3.11-fold).The ASPR in China showed a wave-like increasing trend,while that in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries showed a decreasing trend during the same period.The overall DALY showed an increasing trend,and the increase in the DALYs in China(2.84-fold)exceeded that in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries.However,the overall ASDR declined,with the most significant decline observed in high-SDI countries.The AS-DR in China has recently rebounded after a wave-like decline from 1990 to 2021.The analysis results of the slope index of inequality(SII)and concentration index(CI)showed that the gap in the AMD burden between high-income and low-in-come countries widened progressively from 1990 to 2021,with the burden being more severe in low-SDI countries.Conclu-sion In 2021,the number of patients with AMD and DALYs in China ranked first in the world.The overall disease burden of AMD in China was between that of high-and low-SDI countries but was higher than global averages.The prevalence of AMD among people aged 55 years and above was significantly higher,and the burden was higher for females than for males.From 1990 to 2021,the number of patients with AMD and the prevalence of this disease in China exhibited an in-creasing trend,while those in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries showed a decreasing trend.The overall DALYs in-creased,while the overall ASDR decreased.The gap in the AMD burden between high-income and low-income countries widened,and the burden was more severe in low-SDI countries.It was concluded that the burden of AMD was closely re-lated to age,gender,and SDI,and that its distribution characteristics and trends should be considered in the formulation of prevention and control strategies.