ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an enterprise in Xi′an, China, and to provide a scientific basis for further studies on NAFLD in Shanxi. MethodsA total of 415 employees who underwent health examination in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Medical University from June to July, 2014 were enrolled. All the patients underwent physical examination, abdominal ultrasound, and serological examination, and completed related questionnaires. The t-test was applied for comparison of continuous data, and the Pearson correlation analysis was applied for correlation analysis. ResultsOf all the 415 patients, 86 (20.7%) had NAFLD, consisting of 70 patients (16.9%) with mild NAFLD and 16 patients (3.8%) with moderate NAFLD. The population with an age of 50-58 years had the highest prevalence rate (30.8%, 16/52). Of all the 86 patients with NAFLD, 57 (66.3%) had obesity, and 76 (88.4%) had abdominal obesity. The employees with moderate NAFLD had a significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, a significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, a significantly larger abdominal circumference, and a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) than those with mild NAFLD (t=-4.140, -3.512, -4.405, and -5.051, respectively, all P＜0.05). In the employees with NAFLD, BMI and abdominal circumference were correlated with AST level (r=0.283 and 0.271, both P＜0.05) and ALT level (r=0.325 and 0.316, both P＜0.05). Most employees in this enterprise had a bad eating habit, a sedentary lifestyle, and a lack of physical exercise. ConclusionThis enterprise has a high prevalence rate of NAFLD. BMI and abdominal circumference of patients with NAFLD have certain clinical values in predicting the degree of fat deposition in the liver, and are correlated with AST and ALT levels.

Objective To evaluate the value of two-dimension and color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) in diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis(DVT) for different segments of lower extremity compared with digital subtract angiography(DSA). Methods Fifty-eight patients suspected of DVT enrolled in the study. Every segment venous of affected extremities was observed by CDFI. All patients underwent DSA examination. CDFI findings were compared with the results of DSA. Statistical analysis was according to quadruple tabular form. The indexes include sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive rate and so on. Every segment of lower extremity deep venous was evaluated and analysis. Results Total of 150 vessels of fifty-eight patients were detected with CDFI and DSA. Evaluation findings of statistical analysis with quadruple tabular form as follows= sensitivity of common lilac vein was 82.6%, specificity was 66.7%; sensitivity of external lilac vein was 83.3%, specificity was 80.0%; sensitivity of hypogastria vein was 80.0 %, specificity was 66.7%;sensitivity of popliteal vein was 92.6 %, specificity was 92.2 % ;sensitivity of femoral vein was 96.2%, specificity was 93.8% ; sensitivity of anterior tibial vein was 71.4%, specificity was 75.0%; sensitivity of posterior tibial veins was 72.7%, specificity was 75.0%. Conclusions As the first-choice examination for DVT, ultrasonography has different diagnostic value for different segment of venous. It is more sensitive and accurate for femoral, popliteal and external iliac veins thrombus, but less sensitive for anterior,posterior tibial veins and bypass circuit vessels.

OBJECTIVETo discriminate Descurainiae Semen and Pantagirus Semen.

METHODA high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to establish the fingerprint of Descurainiae Semen, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to study HPLC fingerprinting and chemical recognition.

RESULTThere exists large difference of chromatographic peaks and its relative peak area of HPLC fingerprints between Descurainiae Semen and Pantagirus Semen, and after conducting statistical analysis, the result demonstrated that all samples were classified into three categories: Descurainiae Semen, Pantagirus Semen and their mixtures.

CONCLUSIONThe developed HPLC fingerprint combined with chemometrics can be utilized to discriminate between Descurainiae Semen and Pantagirus Semen, which was quick, simple, accurate and reliable an can provide the basis for the characterization and quality assess of Descurainiae Semen and Pantagirus Semen.

Brassicaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

"Tinglizi", the ripe seed of Descurainia sophia and Lepidium apetalum, is a member of Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Traditionally, the former is called "Nantinglizi" (Descurainiae Semen) while the latter is called "Beitinglizi" (Lepidii Semen). In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, it has the power to purge lung-fire, relieve dyspnea, promote diuresis and reduce edema, and it is mainly indicated in a case with phlegm-fluid accumulation, cough with excessive sputum, dyspnea with being unable to lie, and general swelling. In view of its wide-spread application in clinic, a comprehensive review of Lepidii Semen and Descurainiae Semen was conducted from the following aspects: herbalogical study, variety identification, historical evolution of processing, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, quantitative determination and toxicity which could provide reference for further research and development of "Tinglizi".
Brassicaceae ; chemistry ; Diuresis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Dyspnea ; drug therapy ; Edema ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; Lung ; drug effects ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Seeds ; chemistry

Objective: This study analyzes the development of school doctor personnel since the implementation of the national "School Health Work Regulations", from the salary of school doctors, followed by the management system of school doctors in primary and middle schools. Methods: Representative provinces in the eastern, central and western regions of China were selected and surveyed through quantitative and qualitative method. Results: The proportion of school doctors with medical background accounted for 33.64%, 31.6% school doctors had t o be established. A huge gap between income, bonus distribution and appraisal exsited between school doctors and school teachers. Wages of school doctors was much lower than that of education and social health sectors. The salary level showed regional imbalance, relatively higher in the eastern region and lower in the in the central and western regions with few exceptions. There were significant differences between medical background school doctors and non medical background school doctors in the highest educational background, income level, job nature, job placement, career development opportunity, income satisfaction, welfare and training satisfaction( χ 2=10.73,26.64,313.44,14.13,29.14,13.22,12.97,19.44, P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Government needs to pay attention to the school doctors in primary and secondary schools, integreate school health into public health management system. Relevant policies regarding school doctor management authority, school clinic and health center guideline, salary standards, as well as professional career development, are expected.

Objective To study the relationship between Couagen Ⅰ,MMP-2,TIMP-2 gene expression and atrial fibrosis during heart failure(HF)in dog.Methods Fourteen dogs were used and randomized into HF induced by ventricular tachypacing and control group.Burst atrial pacing was used to induce atrial fibrillation(AF).And the mRNA and protein level of collagen Ⅰ,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical technique.Tissue samples were stained with Mallory trichrome.Results Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased from (67.4? 6.0)% to (29.2?7.8)%,the inducible rate of AF(7/7 vs 2/7) and sustained AF(5/7 vs 0/7) increased and duration of AF stabeatrial fibrillation(SAF) [(462.12?181.43)s vs(0.57?0.57) s] prolonged significantly in HF group.Atrial fibrous tissue content and atrial size of HF group were significantly greater than the controls dogs(268.8% in lefe atria and 190.3% in right atria).The mRNA and protein level of collagen Ⅰ(56.2% and 132.2% in lefe atria,37.4% and 78.0% in right atria)and MMP-2 (100.0% and 115.7% in lefe atria,65.7% and 96.8% in right atria) increased evidently in both lefe atria and right atria,TIMP-2 mRNA decreased 46.3% in lefe atria and had no change in right atria and that its protein had no change in both atrium,whereas the ratio of MMP-2/ TIMP-2 of mRNA and protein increased markedly in both lefe atria (285.3% and 148.8%)and right atria (106.1% and 134.7%)of HF group.SAF had a positive correlation with fibrosis and the gene level of collagen Ⅰ in lefe atria,the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 had a positive correlation with fibrosis and collagen Ⅰ gene level in lefe atria during HF.Conclusions The changes of collagen Ⅰ,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 gene expression appear to be a molecular mechanism of AF, and the molecular remodeling of collagen Ⅰ induced by regulation unbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 appears to be an important mechanism of atrial fibrosis during HF.

OBJECTIVETo investigate telomerase activity in rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) during their committed differentiation in vitro along neural pathway and the effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the expression of telomerase.

METHODSBMSCs were acquired from rabbit marrow and divided into control group, GDNF (10 ng/ml) group. Cytokine.NSCs medium (prepared by our lab, Patent No. ZL02134314. 4) supplemented with 10 percent fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used to induce BMSCs differentiation along neural pathway. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry was employed to identify the expressions of Nestin, neuron-specific endase (NSE), and gial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The growth curves of the cells and the status of cell cycles were analyzed, respectively. During the differentiation, telomerase activities were detected using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TRAP-ELISA).

RESULTSBMSCs were successfully induced to differentiate along neural pathway and expressed specific markers of fetal neural epithelium, mature neuron and glial cells. Telomerase activities were undetectable in BMSCs during differentiation along neural pathway. Similar changes of cell growth curves, cell cycle status and telomerase expression were observed in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSRabbit BMSCs do not display telomerase activity during differentiation along neural pathway. GDNF shows little impact on proliferation and telomerase activity of BMSCs.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; enzymology ; Cell Differentiation ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rabbits ; Stromal Cells ; enzymology ; Telomerase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of sevoflurane on the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in children, and to evaluate its safety and effectiveness. METHODS: Forty child patients who conformed to the selection standard were operated under anaesthesia with intubation.Without premedicant, all the patients inhaled 100% oxygen(1L/min) and sevoflurane by mask, and escalated the concentration of sevoflurane (to the maximum concentration 7%) until the lash reflex disappeared, and the maintenance concentration was controlled under 4%. All the patients were intubated, together with vecuronium 0.1mg/kg. RESULTS: With little tract excretion, the achievement ratio of induction by sevoflurane was 100%, and the children tolerated well. With stable hemodynajmics,1% approximately 4.0% maintenance concentration of sevoflurane during the operation showed effective anaesthesia, no decreased heart rate or blood pressure appeared, and all the patients' body temperature was normal. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane for children induction can bring fewer stimuli in the respiratory tract,less cardiac vascular inhibition and palinesthesia time. Anaesthesia in children induced by sevoflurane is safe and effective.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; administration & dosage ; Sevoflurane ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To evaluate esophageal motility and anti-reflux barrier function in patients with different phenotypes of heartburn and negative endoscopic findings based on the Rome Ⅳ criteria. Methods: From March 2011 to November 2018, 136 patients with heartburn and negative endoscopic findings were retrospectively analyzed. The patients underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM), 24-hour pH monitoring and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) test and according to the Rome Ⅳ criteria and new diagnostic procedures, they were divided into non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group, reflux hypersensitivity (RH) group, functional heartburn (FH) group and unclassified group. During the same period, 20 healthy volunteers were selected as healthy control group. The changes of esophageal motility and HRM were analyzed among different groups. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test and chi-square test. Results: According to Rome Ⅳ criteria, 35 patients were enrolled into the NERD group, 43 patients were enrolled into the RH group, 48 patients were included in the FH group, and 10 patients were enrolled into unclassified group. There were no significant differences between the NERD group, the RH group, the FH group, the unclassified group and healthy control group in the length of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), end lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (LESP), mean LESP, 4-second-integrated relaxation pressure (4 s-IRP), distal latency (DL) , upper esophageal sphincter residual pressure (UES-RP), upper esophageal sphincter relaxation time to nadir, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) recovery time and esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI, all P>0.05). The distal contractile integral (DCI) of NERD group and unclassified group were both lower than that of healthy control group (919.7 mmHg·s·cm (411.7, 1 417.9) mmHg·s·cm (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), 535.6 mmHg·s·cm (321.4, 1 513.4) mmHg·s·cm vs. 1 322.1 mmHg·s·cm (841.6, 1 918.5) mmHg·s·cm), and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-2.62 and -2.20, P=0.01 and 0.03). The upper esophageal sphincter pressure (UESP) of the unclassified group was lower than that of the healthy control group(57.0 mmHg (31.3, 77.8) mmHg vs. 70.4 mmHg (49.4, 97.8) mmHg), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.64, P=0.02). There was significant difference in esophagogastric junction (EGJ) subtypes between the NERD group, the RH group, the FH group and the unclassified group (χ²=10.85, P=0.02); the proportion of type Ⅲ patients was highest in unclassified group, followed by NERD group, which were both higher than those of RH group and FH group. There was no significant difference in the proportion of esophageal motility subtypes between NERD group, RH group, FH group and unclassified group (P>0.05). Conclusions Patients with different phenotypes of heartburn and negative endoscopy finding should be classified by efficient diagnostic procedure according to the Rome Ⅳ criteria combined with HRM, 24-hour pH monitoring and PPI test. The unclassified patients need further evaluation, especially for those with effective PPI test and negative pH monitoring. However, the evaluation of anti-reflux barrier function by the HRM parameters in patients with heartburn and negative endoscopic findings has certain limitations.

OBJECTIVEVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contributes to lung development and recovery of lung structure from lung injury. This study aimed to explore the changes of expression of VEGF protein and mRNA in neonatal rats following hyperoxic lung injury.

METHODSForty-eight Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly continually exposed to hyperoxia (FiO2=95%) or to room air (FiO2=21%, control group) 30 minutes after birth. VEGF protein and mRNA expression in the lungs was determined by immunohistochemical methods and reverse tanscription polymerasechain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively 3,7 and 14 days after birth.

RESULTSVEGF protein and mRNA expression increased with increasing postnatal age in the control group. In the hyperoxia exposure group VEGF protein expression decreased markedly at 7 days (7.79+/-5.23 vs 12.67+/-3.82; P<0.01) and 14 days of hyperoxia exposure (5.85+/-3.37 vs 15.10+/-8.91; P<0.01) compared with the controls. VEGF mRNA expression in the hyperoxia exposure group was significantly reduced from 3 days (0.78+/-0.22 vs 1.19+/-0.63) through 14 days of hyperoxia exposure (0.48+/-0.12 vs 1.89+/-0.81) compared with the controls (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSVEGF is associated with lung development in neonatal rats. Hyperoxia exposure can decrease VEGF protein and VEGF mRNA expression in the lungs of neonatal rats. VEGF might be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic lung injury.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; Hyperoxia ; complications ; Lung ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Lung Diseases ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis ; genetics