Objective To study the screening value of color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for gastroesophageal reflux(GER).Methods Through the window of left lobe liver, the abdominal esophageal length,the phenomenon of GER and the frequency of GER were detected by CDFI in 55 children with GER and 55 control group.Results Abdominal esophagus was identified by CDFI in every children. The abdominal esophageal length was shorter in refluxers than that in control group. A significant correlation was found between its length and the age of control group.To diagnose GER with CDFI ,its accuracy was 98.18%,and its specificity was 76.36%.Conclusions Visualization and measurements of the abdominal esophagus are readily achieved with CDFI in children.Abdominal esophageal length is shorter in refluxers than that in control group. CDFI is a rapid method of screening GER.

Objective To study whether gastric liquid emptying is delayed in children with gastroesophageal reflux and its clinical significance. Methods At different times after meal, the gastric antral diameters were measured by real - time ultrasonography in 55 children with gastroesophageal reflux and 55 controls. Results At 20 min,60 min after meal , there was a significant difference in gastric emptying rate between case groups and control groups, respectively(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the incidence of dementia among elderly people in Xi'an and its related risk factors.

METHODSSubjects that had been studied on the prevalence of dementia were follow-up, and the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD) , and vascular dementia (VD) were counted by person-years. The clinical diagnosis on dementia,AD and VD were based upon the 3rd Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical of Manual of Mental Disorder, Revised version (DSM-III-R) and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria.

RESULTS2197 subjects of non-dementia being identified in 1998, were re-surveyed in 2001. Out of them, 47 new cases of dementia including 37 cases of AD and 8 cases of VD were identified, with an annual incidence rates of dementia, AD and VD as 0.68%, 0.54% and 0.12% among those of 55 years and over and 0.89%, 0.69% and 0.17% in 65 years and over, respectively. Analysis from single factor logistic regression showed that age and education but not gender were closely related to the occurrence of AD. On the contrary, age, hypertension and stroke were closely related to the occurrence of VD.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of dementia in the "Xi' an cohort" was similar to that being reported from other countries. AD and VD were an age-related diseases but education seemed to have had great protective effect while lack of formal education served as risk factor to AD.

Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Dementia ; classification ; epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution