Objective To characterize social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component of theory of mind in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 19 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 demographic-matched health subjects were included in this study.They were assessed using Reading the Mind in the Eyes and faux pas task involving ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component.The severity of PD was assessed on the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results Significant difference was found between PD group and health controls on task involving ToM social-perceptual component (mind Reading:17.1 ± 3.1 vs.30.4 ± 1.7,F=278.756,P ＜0.001),test involving social-cognitive component (Faux pas Questions:29.0± 4.0 vs.41.2 ± 4.4,F =81.647,P＜0.001).While the ability to identify sex and control questions of the faux pas showed no significant difference compared to health controls group (F =3.508,P =0.069 ; F =1.063,P =0.309).Conclusions The ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component are both impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective To characterize social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component of theory of mind(TOM) in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 19 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 demographic-matched health subjects were included in this study.They were assessed by using Reading the Mind in the Eyes and Faux Pas task involving ToM socialperceptual component and social-cognitive component.The severity of PD was assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results Significant difference was found between PD group and health controls in task involving ToM social-perceptual component (mind Reading:17.1 ± 3.1 vs.30.4 ± 1.7,F =278.756,P＜ 0.001),test involving social-cognitive component (Faux Pas Questions:29.0 ± 4.0 vs.41.2±4.4,F=81.647,P＜0.001).While the ability to identify sex and control questions of the Faux Pas showed no significant difference as compared to health controls group (F=3.508,P=0.069;F=1.063,P =0.309).Conclusions The ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component are both impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.

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A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.
Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between Cyclin D1 G870A polymmphism and risk of colorectal cancer.MethodsExtensive searches of relevant studies on datebase like PubMed,EMCC and CNKI were performed.Case control studies involving unrelated subjects and genotype frequencies in control group consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were included for the meta-analysis.Twenty-three case-control studies with 6 344 cases and 9 018 controls were analyzed by the fixed-effect or random-effect meta-analysis method.The metaanalysis was applied with RevMan 5.0 software for heterogeneity test.AA and GA were compared with those with GG genotype.Pooled OR value and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated.ResultsThere were statistical differences between AA & GA and GG.The pooled OR value was 1.10 (95％CI:1.01-1.19,P =0.02).The values were analyzed hierarchically according to different populations.The pooled OR value of Asian was 1.11 (95％ CI:0.98-1.26,P=0.11).The pooled OR value of American was 1.13(95％CI:0.97-1.32,P=0.12).The pooled OR value of European was 1.06(95％CI:0.89-1.25,P =0.52).The pooled OR value of Oceanian was 1.05(95％ CI:0.80-1.38,P=0.73).The values were analyzed hierarchically according to the comparison basis.The pooled OR value of hospital-based was 1.07 (95％ CI:0.95-1.20,P =0.28).The pooled OR value of population-based was 1.13 (95％CI:1.01-1.26,P=0.04).ConclusionThe Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism is correlated with the susceptibility of colorectal cancer risk at the aggregate level analysis.Analysis by different methods:according to different populations,every group don't support the correlation.According to comparison basis,there has no correlation in hospital-based group,but there has correlation in population-based group.

The intracellular trafficking and subcellular distribution of exogenous gene is very important for gene delivery. A successful gene vehicle should overcome various barriers including endosomal membrane barriers to delivery gene to the target organelle. Traditional nonviral vehicle is unable to avoid endosomal pathway efficiently, so the efficiency of gene delivery is low and the application of gene drugs is limited. In order to achieve efficient nonviral gene delivery, a lot of researches based on endosomal escape have been carried out and some agents with the function of endsomal escape have been found. These agents facilitate the endsomal escape via various mechanisms, such as fusion into the lipid bilayer of endosomes, pore formation in the endosomal membrane, proton sponge effect and photochemical methods to rupture the endosomal membrane. In this review, various reported strategies for endsomal escape are described according to the escape mechanisms, and their applications in intracellular gene delivery are also discussed.
Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Endosomes ; metabolism ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans

Objective To investigate the application value of ELISA for detecting the serum anti desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg 3 in the diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus .Methods Forty‐seven patients with pemphigus in our hospital from January to De‐cember 2014 were selected as the observation group and contemporaneous 52 patients with excluding pemphigus were selected as the control group .The Dsg antibodies were detected by using indirect immunofluorescence method and Dsg 1 and Dsg3 were deter‐mined by ELISA ;their correlation with pemphigus characteristics was analyzed .Results The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for detecting anti‐Dsg antibodies were 95 .74% and 92 .31% respectively ,while which of IIF were 93 .62% and 86 .54% respective‐ly ,showing no statistically significant difference between the two test methods (P>0 .05) .In 30 cases of pemphigus vulgaris ,16 ca‐ses (16/30) were positive Dsg1 and Dsg 3 ,8 cases of pemphigus erythematosus and 5 cases pemphigus foliaceus were positive Dsg1 only ,and 2 cases of pemphigus vegetans were both positive Dsgl and Dsg3 .The Dsgl and Dsg3 titers of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus vegetans were 130 .85 ± 86 and 112 .30 ± 85 .05 ,respectively ,and the disease activity score was (5 .10 ± 1 .86) points ,the correlation coefficient(r)=0 .476(P=0 .008) ,r=0 .816(P=0 .001) ,respectively .The Dsgl titer of pemphigus erythematosus and pemphigus foliaceus were 142 .59 ± 78 .52 ,and the disease activity score was (2 .77 ± 0 .92) points(r=0 .800 ,P=0 .001) .Conclu‐sion ELISA for detecting Dsg1 and Dsg3 has high sensitivity and specificity ,and is conducive to the diagnosis of pemphigus and e‐valuation of disease severity .

Objective To explore the reliability of Chinese simplified diagnostic method for acute drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) in diagnosis of acute DILI .Methods From 2008 to 2013 ,a total of 320 patients diagnosed with acute DILI were enrolled .The clinical data of them were collected .International recognized Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method (RUCAM ) was taken as control and then simplified diagnostic method for DILI in China was evaluated . Variance analysis was performed for statistical analysis .Gamma value of two diagnostic methods was calculated and the correlation was analyzed .Results Among the 320 patients with acute DILI ,according to RUCAM ,there were 39 cases (12 .19% ) with quite high probability ,193 with high probability (60 .31% ) ,74 with possibility (23 .12% ) ,11 with less possibility (3 .44% ) and three with no probability (0 .94% ) .According to simplified diagnostic method for acute DILI ,194 cases were diagnosed (60 .62% ) ,103 were suspicious (32 .19% ) and 23 were excluded (7 .19% ) .The RUCAM score of diagnosed group (7 .5 ± 1 .2) was higher than that of suspicious group (5 .3 ± 1 .3) and excluded group (2 .1 ± 1 .1) ,and the difference was statistically significant (F =239 .545 ,P< 0 .01) .The correlation analysis between these two diagnostic methods indicated that Gamma value was 0 .955 (P < 0 .01) .Conclusions The simplified diagnostic method for acute DILI in China is simple ,practical and consistent with RUCAM .It can be used as one of the clinical methods for screening acute DILI .

Objective To investigate the effect of Ser473-Akt phosphorylation in the protection of atorvastatin to cerebral ischemia-re-perfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=10), sham group (n=10), I/R group (n=10) and intervention group (n=10). A model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats was establishied, with ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 72 hours. The normal group and the sham group received no injury. I/R group was administered with normal saline only, and the intervention group received atorvastatin 10 mg/kg prepared with normal saline at palinesthesia, 24 and 48 hours after reperfu-sion. All rats were sacrificed 72 hours after reperfusion. HE staining and TUNEL staining were performed in the brain specimens. The ex-pression of Akt and Ser473-Akt in the prefrontal cortex of the brain were detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with I/R group, 72 hours after reperfusion, the damage of nerve cells significantly lessened in the intervention group;the apoptosis positive cells significant-ly reduced in the intervention group (t=-6.014, P<0.001). The expression of Ser473-Akt in prefrontal cortex was higher in I/R group than in the normal group and the sham group (t>20.327, P<0.001), and was higher in the intervention group than in I/R group (t=3.649, P=0.007). Conclusion The Ser473-Akt phosphorylation plays an important role in the protection of atorvastatin in nerve cell through anti-apoptosis of nerve cells, and reducing cerebral I/R injury.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different tidal volume(Vt) ventilation on apoptosis and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in rat lungs. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group, a low Vt ventilation group (LV), a middle Vt ventilation group (MV), and a high Vt ventilation group (HV). Rats were subjected to different tidal volumes (10,20,and 40 mL/kg) for 2 h except the control group, which kept their own breath. We determined the lung histopathology score, W/D ratio and WBC in bronchoalceolar lavage fluid (BALF) to evaluate the lung injury and examine the apoptotic cell death, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression by using TUNEL technique and immunohistochemistry 24 h after the operation. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, MV and HV increased lung histopathology score, W/D ratio, WBC in BALF, apoptosis index (AI )and Bax protein expression, but decreased Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.05). These changes showed no significant difference between the control group and the low Vt ventilation group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Low Vt ventilation contributed little to apoptosis. Higher Vt ventilation can improve Bax while inhibit Bcl-2 expression to aggravate apoptosis in rat lungs.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Female ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiration, Artificial ; adverse effects ; methods ; Tidal Volume ; physiology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism