Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a transformative surveillance tool for estimating substance consumption and monitoring disease prevalence, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It enables the population-level monitoring of illicit drug use, pathogen prevalence, and environmental pollutant exposure. In this perspective, we summarize the key challenges specific to the Chinese context: (1) Sampling inconsistencies, necessitating standardized 24-hour composite protocols with high-frequency autosamplers (≤ 15 min/event) to improve the representativeness of samples; (2) Biomarker validation, requiring rigorous assessment of excretion profiles and in-sewer stability; (3) Analytical method disparities, demanding inter-laboratory proficiency testing and the development of automated pretreatment instruments; (4) Catchment population dynamics, reducing estimation uncertainties through mobile phone data, flow-based models, or hydrochemical parameters; and (5) Ethical and data management concerns, including privacy risks for small communities, mitigated through data de-identification and tiered reporting platforms. To address these challenges, we propose an integrated framework that features adaptive sampling networks, multi-scale wastewater sample banks, biomarker databases with multidimensional metadata, and intelligent data dashboards. In summary, wastewater-based epidemiology offers unparalleled scalability for equitable health surveillance and can improve the health of the entire population by providing timely and objective information to guide the development of targeted policies.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Wastewater/analysis* ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Public Health ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; SARS-CoV-2

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry, particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry, resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy, endodontic surgery, and dental restoration. However, the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings, primarily due to operators' insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment. In October 2019, Professor Jingping Liang, Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology, Chinese Stomatological Association, organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry. The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope. Subsequently, a consensus was reached and officially issued. Over the span of about four years, the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.
Humans ; Dentistry, Operative ; Consensus ; Endodontics ; Root Canal Therapy ; Dental Care

OBJECTIVE: Improvement in the quality of life is reflected in the narrowing of the gap between health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) and life expectancy (LE). The effect of megacity expansion on narrowing the gap is rarely reported. This study aimed to disclose this potential relationship. METHODS: Annual life tables were constructed from identified death records and population counts from multiple administrative sources in Guangzhou, China, from 2010 to 2020. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the temporal trend. Generalized principal component analysis and multilevel models were applied to examine the county-level association between the gap and social determinants. RESULTS: Although LE and HALE in megacities are increasing steadily, their gap is widening. Socio-economic and health services are guaranteed to narrow this gap. Increasing personal wealth, a growing number of newborns and healthy immigrants, high urbanization, and healthy aging have helped in narrowing this gap. CONCLUSION In megacities, parallel LE and HALE growth should be highly considered to narrow their gap. Multiple social determinants need to be integrated as a whole to formulate public health plans.
Cities ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Expectancy ; Quality of Life ; Social Determinants of Health

Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2019, and quantize the comprehensive impact of different causes and sequelae on health. Methods: The LE, HALE, and cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy (CEHALE) were estimated using cause-of-death surveillance datasets from Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2010 to 2019 and open data from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Joinpoint log-linear regression model was used to analyze the temporal trend and described spatial distribution. Results: In 2019, the LE in residents in Guangzhou was 82.9 years (80.1 years in men and 85.9 years in women), and the HALE was 75.6 years (74.0 years in men and 77.3 years in women). Compared with the urban fringe, the central urban area had higher LE and HALE, and the differences between LE and HALE were small. The LE and HALE in Guangzhou showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2019. The LE increased by 2.8 years (AAPC=0.4, 95%CI: 0.3-0.4), with the increase of 2.8 years in men and 2.9 years in women. The HALE increased by 2.4 years (AAPC=0.3, 95%CI: 0.3-0.4), with the increase of 2.5 years in men and 2.2 years in women. The median healthy life lost due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases was 6.2 years (AAPC=-4.2, 95%CI: -5.3--3.1), while the median healthy life lost due to non-communicable diseases was 14.7 years (AAPC=1.6, 95%CI: 0.9-2.3), the median healthy life expectancy reduced by injury was 6.3 years (AAPC=-3.5, 95%CI: -4.5--2.6). Musculoskeletal disorders, skin and subcutaneous diseases, cardiovascular diseases, nutritional deficiencies, diabetes and kidney diseases were the top five diseases causing healthy life expectancy loss. Conclusion: The LE and HALE in residents in Guangzhou increased steadily from 2010 to 2019, but the quality of life in the urban fringe was lower than that of the central urban area. Non-communicable diseases were the leading causes of healthy life expectancy loss. Health policies and prevention measures should be developed according to area specific characteristics, and social medical resources should be rationally allocated to key diseases to reduce their disease burden.
Cost of Illness ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Noncommunicable Diseases ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVEIn previous studies, we immunized mice with Ebola recombinant protein vaccine and gene vector vaccine. Both stimulated high levels of humoral immunity. In this work, we constructed a pseudovirus containing Ebola membrane proteins to verify whether the two immunization strategies can induce neutralizing antibodies in mice.

METHODSA pseudovirus containing an Ebola virus membrane protein based on the HIV-1 viral gene sequence was constructed and evaluated using a known neutralizing antibody. The titer of the neutralizing antibody in the sera of mice immunized with the recombinant protein and the gene vector vaccine was examined using a neutralization test.

RESULTSEbola pseudovirus was successfully prepared and applied for neutralizing antibody detection. Immunological experiments showed that recombinant protein GP-Fc and gene vaccine pVR-modGP-Fc had good immunogenicity. The titer of the bound antibody in the serum after 8 weeks of immunization in mice was more than 1:105, and the recombinant protein induced greater humoral immunity. The results of the neutralization test based on the Ebola pseudovirus system demonstrated that both vaccines induced production of protective antibodies, while the gene vaccine induced a higher titer of neutralizing antibodies.

CONCLUSIONAn Ebola pseudovirus detection system was successfully established and used to evaluate two Ebola vaccines. Both produced good immunogenicity. The findings lay the foundation for the development of new Ebola vaccines and screening for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

As one of the core contents of the theory"productive engagement in later life",elderly taking care of family members has created tremendous economic and social values. Family caregiving behavior being widely exis-ted in the Chinese society and stretches for thousands of years, still needs to be interpreted from a completely new theory framework in a contemporary ageing society. As one of the most important theories in Social Gerontology,there is already a consensus reached in western society about the value recognition of family caregiving,but in China's con-text,is still however in the twilight zone. This paper begins with a comprehensive review and analysis of the nega-tive impact of family care on the economic burden and physical and mental health impairments among the elderly caregivers, and then introduces the world-wide development of the"productive engagement in later life"theories and practices which recognize and evaluate the social value of the elderly, a framework for rearranging the social support system for the elderly caregivers and the promotion of the sense of the self-development of the elderly based on gender perspectives, with a view it will also greatly restore the identities and socialization of older peo-ple by putting forward several public policies based on the above theoretical framework and the reduction of the elderly subjectivity and sociality.

AIM:To analyze the association of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).METHODS:A retrospective analysis of a case series included in ROP screening from January 2011to December 2015 was performed in Suzhou Municipal Hospital.Totally 2527 children (5054 eyes) underwent screening.According to the gestational age,the data was divided into 4 groups (≤32wk,＞32 and ≤34wk,＞34 and ≤37wk,＞37wk).Every group was divided into two groups (IUGR group and no IUGR group) respectively.We compared the incidence of ROP in IUGR and non IUGR group.RESULTS:Of all the 2527 children,IUGR group were 702 including 78 ROP children,and non IUGR group were 1825 including 329 ROP children.There were 991 children were divided into ≤ 32wk group,including 63 IUGR in which 27 children were screened out ROP(42.9％) and 928 non IUGR in which 274 children were screened out ROP (29.5％),the difference on the incidence of ROP was statistically significant (X2 =4.958,P=0.026).There were 1025 children were divided into ＞ 32 and ≤ 34wk group,including 232 IUGR in which 33 children were screened out ROP(14.2％) and 793 non IUGR in which 51 children were screened out ROP (6.4％) and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =14.488,P＜0.001).There were 464 children were divided into ＞ 34 and ≤ 37wk group,including 374 IUGR in which 18 children were screened out ROP(4.8％) and 90 non IUGR in which 4 children were screened out ROP (4.4％) and the difference was not statistically significant (Fischer exact test,P=1).There were 47 children were divided into ＞37wk group,including 33 IUGR and 14 non IUGR,none were screened out in the two groups.CONCLUSION:Intrauterine growth retardation was closely related to the incidence of ROP.In the preterm infants with gestational age less than 34wk,the incidence of ROP in children with intrauterine growth retardation is significantly higher than that in children without intrauterine growth retardation.

·AIM: To retrospectively analyze the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) in 3471 neonates in Suzhou Municipal Hospital. ·METHODS: A total of 3471 children (1947 males, 1524 females) were screened for ROP in Suzhou Municipal Hospital from January 2010 to September 2016 using binocular ophthalmoscope or ( and) RetCamⅡ. First examination was performed from 4-6wk after birth. The ocular findings were recorded according to the International Classification of ROP and The Early Treatment for ROP. Only the more aggressive eye of bilateral asymmetrical cases was counted for statistical purpose. Children with ROP in both binocular or single eye were counted in 1 case, and the cases required surgeries were defined as severe cases. The prevalence of ROP and severe ROP in recent 6a were analyzed retrospectively. ·RESULTS: The overall relevance ratio of ROP and severe ROP was 17.03% and 1.15%. The relevance ratio of ROP and severe ROP of the males were 16.38% and 1.08%,and of the females were 17.85% and 1.25%, the results were not statistically different (x2= 1. 296, P =0.255). The relevance ratio of ROP and severe ROP of the single birth infants were 17.61% and 1.13%, and of the multiple birth infants were 15.13% and 1.23%,the results were not statistically different (x2=2.706, P=0.100). The children were divided into 5 groups according to the birth weight. The relevance ratio of ROP with birth weight<1000g,1000-1499g,1500-1999g,2000-2499g and ≥2500g were 75. 00%, 36. 17%, 10. 75%, 6. 86% and 3. 77%respectively with significant differences (There were significant differences between the three groups which the birth weight <2000g, P<0.005). The relevance ratio of severe ROP were 36.54%, 1.68%, 0.31%, 0.19% and 0 respectively in these birth weight groups (There were significant differences between the three groups which the birth weight <2000g,P<0.005). The children were divided into 4 groups according to gestational weeks, the relevance ratio of severe ROP of gestational age<28wk,28-31wk, 32-36wk and ≥37wk were 69. 12%, 29. 91%, 8.28% and 3.33% respectively with significant differences (There were significant differences between the three groups which the gestational age <37wk, P<0.005). The relevance ratio of severe ROP were 25%, 1.52%, 0.24% and 0 in these gestational age groups respectively (There were significant differences between the three groups which the gestational age <37wk,P<0.005). · CONCLUSION: The detection rate of ROP in 3471 premature infants was 17. 03%, the severe ROP was 1.15%. There was no evidence that sex and birth were related to ROP, but lower birth weight and smaller gestational age increased the detection rate of ROP.

Objective To develop a HPLC method for determining 14 hydrolyzed amino acids in Pfaf fia .Methods The sample was derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) .Amino acids were separated on Waters XBridge Shield RP18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm ,5 μm) column at the flow rate of 0.8 ml/min ,detected at 254 nm .The column temperature was 25 ℃ . Results The response was linear for 14 amino acids with a correlation coefficient r>0 .9990 .The average recoveries (n=6) were 90 .2%-105 .1% .Amino acids derivative solution remained stable in 24 hours .Conclusion This well-established method is very reliable .It can be used as a quantitative determination method for 14 amino acids in Pfaf fia .

Objective To investigate effect of snail polypeptide on skin healing and expression of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF) mRNA in rats with scalded wound.Methods The deepⅡscald model was estab-lished in 60 rats by using 90 ℃ hot water.And the rats were randomly divided into model group and the test group.Rat burn sites in test group were smeared with SP solution(10 mg? mL-1 ).Skin healing rate,skin healing time and the scab off time were observed in each group of rats. The mRNA expression of skin tissue bFGF was detected by RT-PCR. Results Healing rate of test group at different times after treatment were significantly higher than the model group, with statistically significant difference ( P <0.05 or P <0.01 ) .Compared with the model group, burn the skin healing time scab off times are significantly shorter in test group, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) .Mean-while, SP increased the expression of bFGF mRNA at different times. Conclusion SP can promote wound healing in rat skin burns, and its mechanism may be related to regulating bFGF mRNA expression.