AlM: To research the characteristics of positive relative accommodation ( PRA) , negative relative accommodation (NRA) and PRA/NRA ratio in myopes. To analyze the relationship among PRA, NRA, PRA/NRA ratio, spherical equivalent degree, years and habbits of wearing glasses, myopia development, and pupil diameter.METHODS: Aretrospective study of ninety eyes in the 180 th Hospital of Quanzhou from August 2014 to December 2014. PRA, NRA and PRA/NRA ratio were compared among low, moderate, high myopes and emmetropes. The correlation were analyzed among PRA, NRA, PRA/NRA ratio, spherical equivalent degree, years and habbits of wearing glasses, myopia development and pupil diameter. PRA, NRA, PRA/NRA ratio, years and habbits of wearing glasses and pupil diameter were compared between progress group and non-progress group.RESULTS: ( 1 ) Without statistical differences in age, sex and intraocular pressure, PRA and PRA/NRA ratio of myopes were lower than emmetropes, while NRA was higher. (2) Without statistical differences in age, sex and intraocular pressure, PRA, PRA/NRA ratio and NRA had no statistical differences while years and habbits of wearing glasses had statistical differences among low, moderate, high myopes. ( 3 ) With longer years of wearing glasses, PRA, PRA/NRA ratio were larger and NRA, pupils were smaller. ( 4 ) Without statistical differences in age, diopter and intraocular pressure, one group which were not easy to deepen degree had more often-wear-glasses myopia patiens and longer years of wearing glasses, the other group which were easy to deepen degree had more seldom-wear-glasses myopia patiens and shorter years of wearing glasses.CONCLUSlON: PRA and PRA/NRA ratio of myopes were lower than emmetropes, while NRA was higher. No correlated relation was detected among PRA, NRA, PRA/NRA ratio, spherical equivalent degree and myopia development. lt suggests the onset and progress of myopia are related to many factors. Wearing-glass timely and accurately can release the decline of PRA and PRA/NRA ratio and slow down degree development in myopes.

OBJECTIVETo observe analgesic effect of electroacupuncture ( EA) on rats with chronic inflammatory pain and its regulatory mechanism on ispilateral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (SDH) Mas-related G protein-coupled C receptor (MrgprC).

METHODSTotally 40 healthy male SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to random number table, i.e., the normal (N) group, the model (M) group, the acupuncture (Acu) group, the EA group, 10 rats in each group. The model of chronic inflammatory pain was established by subcutaneous injecting 0. 1 mL complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into right hind paw. Paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) were measured before modeling, at day 1, 3, 5, 7, and after CFA injection, respectively. Expression levels of MrgprC in ispilateral DRG and SDH were detected by Western blot. The content of bovine adrenal medulla 22 (BAM22) in SDH was detected by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSCompared with N group at each time point, PWTs significantly decreased in M group (P <0. 01). Compared with M group, PWTs significantly increased at day 5 of EA and after EA in EA group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with Acu group at each time point, post-EA PWTs significantly increased in the EA group (P < 0.05). Compared with N group, expression of MrgprC in ispilateral DRG and ratio of BAM22 positive cells in ispilateral SDH increased in M group (P < 0.01). Compared with M group, expression of MrgprC in ispilateral DRG and ratio of BAM22 positive cells in ispilateral SDH increased in the EA group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA had favorable analgesic effect on chronic inflammatory pain induced by CFA, and its mechanism might be possibly associated with up-regulating MrgprC expression in ispilateral DRG and BAM22 content in ispilateral SDH.

Analgesia ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Enkephalins ; metabolism ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Pain Management ; methods ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Posterior Horn Cells ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo clone the gene of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 and express it in the form of a soluble fusion protein in E. coli. Then the activation of SEC2 on mice lymphocyte and its lethal effects on tumor cells were studied.

METHODSStaphylococcus aureus SEC2 gene was cloned into GST gene fusion vector pGEX-4T-1. The resultant plasmid pGEX-4T-SEC2 was used to transform E. coli BL21, where the GST-SEC2 fusion protein was expressed efficiently. The rSEC2 protein was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity column and digested with thrombin. The in vitro culture system was utilized to observe the activation of the SEC2 on mice lymphocyte and the lethal effects on tumor cells of the activated mice lymphocyte.

RESULTSThe proper gene of SEC2 was cloned and purified rSEC2 was obtained. The MTT results indicated that rSEC2 have strong ability to stimulate mice lymphocyte to proliferate with a dose-dependent manner. With the proliferation of mice splenic lymphocyte, rSEC2 has a strong lethal effect on tumor cells B16, K562 and K562-AD.

CONCLUSIONIn this study, the gene of SEC2 was cloned and the rSEC2 protein was obtained, which had strong lethal effect on tumor cells B16, K562 and K562-AD.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enterotoxins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; cytology ; Transfection

Objective: To explore the thermal damage to epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)-positive tumor cells by novel aptamer-guided magnetic nanoparticles(AptNPs). Methods: EpCAM aptamer SYL3C was connected to NPs via biotin-streptavidin reaction. The diameter of AptNPs were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering(DLS). The binding feature of the aptamer to EpCAM-positive tumor cells was evaluated by Prussian blue dyeing. Thermal damage under alternative magnetic field was measured bylactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The apoptosis of EpCAM-positive tumor cells was detected by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining. Results: The average size of AptNPs was 282 nm. Flow cytometry and Prussian blue dyeing showed that AptNPs exhibited strong binding to the EpCAM-positive tumor cells but not to the EpCAM-negative tumor cells. Moreover, when incubated with 1.5×10⁸ AptNPs under alternative electromagnetic fieldfor 5 hours, the viability of EpCAM-positive HCT116 cells and A549 cells was 28.9% and 54.4%, respectively, significantly lower than 76.7% of EpCAM-negative HepG2 cells (P<0.05). Conclusions AptNPs can improve the thermal damage to EpCAM-positive tumor cells, and may have potential utility in the development of tumor targeted therapy.

The investigation on the herbal of Euphorbia humifusa Wild. was carried out in order to find its anti-HBV constituents. The isolation and purification were performed by chromatography such as Sephadex LH-20, MCI GEL CHP 20P, etc. Based on the spectral analysis, five apigenin glycosides were identified as apigenin-7-O-(6"-O-galloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-lutinoside (3), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranside (4) and apigenin (5). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compound 2 and 3 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apigenin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

The roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis are widely used in Chinese medicine for their action of clearing heat, detoxicating, relieving cough, dispelling sputum and tonifying spleen and stomach. The reason why Glycyrrhiza uralensis has potent and significant actions is that it contains various active secondary metabolites, especially glycyrrhizic acid. In the present study, we cloned the cDNA coding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary CoA reductase (HMGR) involved in glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The corresponding cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins. Recombinant HMGR exhibited catalysis activity in reduction of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid (MVA) just as HMGR isolated from other species. Because HMGR gene is very important in the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhiza uralensis, this work is significant for further studies concerned with strengthening the efficacy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis by means of increasing glycyrrhizic acid content and exploring the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid in vitro.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; enzymology ; genetics ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; metabolism ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mevalonic Acid ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots ; enzymology ; Plants, Medicinal ; enzymology ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the biological function of vascular endothelial cells from hypertrophic scar, and to analyze the relationship between them.

METHODSThe samples from human hypertrophic scar and normal skin tissue were harvested for histological examination. Then vascular endothelial cells were purified and isolated from the samples, and the level of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), endothelin1 (ET)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined in a single cell with ELISA.

RESULTSFew capillary vessels were observed in normal skin under microscope, while an increased number of them were present in hypertrophic scar, with slender, tortuous in morphology and even occluded. The diameter of blood capillary in hypertrophic scar was tiny under electron microscope, and the exfoliation of endothelial cells was observed. The levels of TGF-beta1, PDGF, ET-1, bFGF and VEGF from vascular endothelial cells from hypertrophic scar were 60 +/- 8, 30 +/- 4, 0.12 +/- 0.03, 52 +/- 5, 18.1 +/- 1.2 microg/cell, respectively, which were obviously lower than those in normal skin (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe biological function of vascular endothelial cells was attenuated in the hypertrophic scar, which mightbe the result of the production of large amounts of collagen in the scar tissue, as well as hypoxia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Skin ; blood supply ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo identify and characterize the epitope associated with the virus attachment protein (VAP) of hantaan virus.

METHODSThe monoclonal antibody 3G1 was used as the ligand to biospan from a phage-displayed 12-amino acid peptide library, then the positive phage clones were chosen and sequenced. The amino acid sequences of them were compared with that of hantaan virus G2 in homology. The characteristics of positive phage were studied by IFA and ELISA. A decapeptide combining to cell membrane was observed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM).

RESULTSThe conservative motif PX(1-2) HX(0-2) H displaying on positive clones shared homologous amino acid sequence with G2 96YPWHTAKCHY105.

CONCLUSIONG2 96YPWHTAKCHY105 might play some roles in virus binding to host cell, and might be a possible key epitope of hantaan virus VAP.

Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Hantaan virus ; immunology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Oligopeptides ; immunology ; metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Vero Cells ; Viral Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism

This study was amid to construct the pharmacophore model of L-type calcium channel antagonist in the application of screening Drugbank and TCMD. This paper repositions the approved drugs resulting from virtual screening and discusses the relocation-based drug discovery methods, screening antihypertensive drugs with L-type calcium channel function from TCMD. Qualitative hypotheses wre generated by HipHop separately on the basis of 12 compounds with antagonistic action on L-type calcium channel expressed in rabbit cardiac muscle. Datebase searching method was used to evaluate the generated hypotheses. The optimum hypothesis was used to search Drugbank and TCMD. This paper repositions the approved drugs and evaluates the antihypertensive effect of the chemical constituent of traditional Chinese medicine resulting from virtual screening by the matching score and literature. The results showed that optimum qualitative hypothesis is with six features, which were two hydrogen-bond acceptors, four hydrophobic groups, and the CAI value of 2.78. Screening Drugbank achieves 93 approved drugs. Screening TCMD achieves 285 chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine. It was concluded that the hypothesis is reliable and can be used to screen datebase. The approved drugs resulting from virtual screening, such as pravastatin, are potentially L-type calcium channels inhibitors. The chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Arctigenin III and Arctigenin are potentially antihypertensive drugs. It indicates that Drug Repositioning based on hypothesis is possible.
Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drug Repositioning ; methods ; Molecular Structure ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) coenzyme in regulation of Fas/FasL signal transduction and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages in pneumoconiosis patients.

METHODS50 male and Han nationality cases, including the dust exposed workers, Phase I, II pneumoconiosis patients confirmed by local pneumoconiosis diagnosis group according to GBZ 70 - 2002 diagnosis standard, who underwent whole lung lavage treatment were chosen as subjects. Their alveolar macrophages (AMs) were collected and purified. The cells were divided into three groups: the untreated group, the Fas/FasL group and the SOD group. 5 x 10(6) purified AMs were added into incubating bottles containing DMEM for 2 hours for purifying, added with SOD coenzyme and other block reagents separately, and then incubated for 24 hours in CO(2) incubation. The cells were harvested and lysed. Western-blot were used to analyze the expressions of Fas, FasL, Caspases-8 and Caspases-3. Software of Quantity One 7.0 was used to analyze the relative quantity of Fas, FasL, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3. TUNEL and DNA fragment analysis were used to analyze AMs apoptosis.

RESULTSThe apoptosis index in SOD coenzyme group (9.50 +/- 2.76)% and Fas/FasL group (14.01 +/- 2.56)% was significantly lower than that of in untreated group (19.18 +/- 2.83)% (P < 0.05). The catachrestic DNA ladder appeared in untreated group, was looming in Fas/FasL group, and was not found in the SOD group. The expressions of Fas, FasL, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 of phase I and II in SOD group were higher than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Fas, FasL, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 among different phases of pneumoconiosis (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOD coenzyme can effectively regulate Fas/FasL signal transduction and block AMs apoptosis.

Adult ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism