Objective:To investigate the differences in related indices of ulcerative colitis (UC) respectively induced by free drinking and intragastric administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice to provide experimental reference for the optimization of UC model.Methods:Totally 30 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group,free drinking group and intragastric administration group with 10 ones in each.The mice drank water freely with free drinking or intragastric administration of 3% DSS solution at the dose of 4 g·kg-1·day-1 for 7 days to establish the UC model.The differences in disease activity index (DAI),histological damage sore and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) among the groups were compared.Results:Two mice died during the experiment in the free drinking group,and DAI of survival mice was (8.8±1.6).There was no death of mice in intragastric administration group,and DAI was (9.0±0.8),and there was no significant difference in DAI between the groups (P>0.05),while the coefficient of variation in the free drinking group was higher than that in the intragastric administration group (18.7 vs 8.6).The colonic histological damage score of the free drinking group and the intragastric administration group was 24.8±4.2 and 27.0±2.8,respectively,which was typical inflammatory change with no significant difference (P>0.05),while the coefficient of variation of the free drinking group was higher than that of the intragastric administration group (16.9 vs 10.4).MPO of the normal control group,free drinking group and intragastric administration group was (0.41±0.03),(2.32±0.34) and (2.05±0.18) U·g-1,respectively.Compared with the normal control group,significant difference in MPO was shown in the free drinking group and the intragastric administration group (P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in MPO between the groups (P>0.05),and the coefficient of variation in the free drinking group was higher than that in the intragastric administration group (14.7 vs 8.8).Conclusion:Both free drinking and intragastric administration of DSS can successfully induce the UC model in mice.Compared with the free drinking group,the intragastric administration group has low mortality rate and low coefficient of variation.Therefore,intragastric administration has more advantages than free drinking in inducing the UC model in mice.

Aim To determine potential biomarkers contributed to occurrence, development and recovery of ethanol-induced liver injury in rat and elucidate hepatoprotective effect of Yin Chen Hao Tang based on metabonomic investigation. Methods A UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based metabonomic method was developed for investigating trajectory change and inter-relationship of urinary metabolome of rats with different treatments. Results Four potential biomarkers were determined which contributed to occurrence, development and recovery of ethanol-induced liver injury in rat, and Yin Chen Hao Tang could significantly recover trajectory change in disorder. Conclusion The developed method was successfully applied to investigate ethanol-induced liver injury in rat, and also hepatoprotective effect of Yin Chen Hao Tang was elucidated.

Background Research demonstrated that alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid GluR2 (AMPA-GluR2) is associated with amblyopia.It has been shown that levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline can improve visual function of amblyopic children,but the mechanism is unclear.Objective This study was to explore the possible effects of levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline on amblyopia.Methods Monocular deprivation (MD) animal models were created in 60 2-week-old SD rats by monolateral eyelid suturing and observed for 31 days and reared in natural light together with 15 other matched normal healthy SD rats.The models were randomly divided into the MD group,levodopa group,cytidine diphosphate choline group and normal saline control group,with 15 rats for each group.40 mg/kg of levodopa,80 mg/kg of cytidine diphosphate choline,I ml normal saline were given to the rats,respectively,for 28 consecutive days.Expressions of the AMPA-CluR2 protein and AMPA-CluR2 mRNA in the rat visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Use of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The expression values of the AMPA-GluR2 protein (AMPA-GluR2/β-actin) and AMPA-GluR2 mRNA (2-△△Ct) were significantly lower in the MD group than those of the normal control group (protein:0.32 ± 0.02 vs.0.64 ± 0.05,t =13.287,P＜0.05 ;mRNA:0.30±0.01 vs.0.84±0.03,t=38.184,P＜0.05).Those in the levodopa group were significantly increased in comparison with the normal saline solution group (protein:0.59 ±0.04 vs.0.33 ±0.03,t =11.628,P＜0.05 ; mRNA:0.71±0.06 vs.0.33 ±0.02,t =13.435,P＜0.05).The expression values of the AMPA-GluR2 protein and AMPA-GluR2 mRNA were significantly increased in the cytidine diphosphate choline group compared with the normal saline solution group (protein:0.52 ± 0.04 vs.0.33 ± 0.03,t =8.497,P ＜ 0.05 ; mRNA:0.48± 0.04 vs.0.33 ± 0.02,t =7.500,P＜0.05).Conclusions AMPA-GluR2 is associated with the plasticity of visual development.Levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline may improve visual function by down-regulating the expression of AMPA-GluR2 in the visual cortex.

Objective To evaluate three-axis otoconia maneuver (TOM) for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods The data from twenty BPPV patients who received three-axis otoconia maneuver treatment and 20 BPPV patients who received canalith repositioning (CRP) maneuver treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 17 patients received 1 TOM session and 3 patients received 2 TOM sessions while 16 patients received 1 CRP session and 4 patients received 2 CRP sessions. The chi-square (x2) test was used in evaluating the association between two independent samples in a contingency table. Both methods had no statistically significant. The significance level for statistical tests was 5% (α = 0. 05). Conclusions Three-axis otoconia maneuver could be effective used in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with the advantage of repeatedly practicable and instrumental.

Objective To study the safety measures during perioperative period in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) , to minimize uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) major complications. Methods The complications and other relative information of 1446 OSAHS patients treated with UPPP were analyzed. Complications of 1004 OSAHS patients adopted standardized management measures after 2004 and 442 OSAHS patients who performed UPPP before 2003 were compared. Results Among the 1446 cases of OSAHS surgery, there were 49 cases (3. 39% ) of difficult intubation; 8 cases (0.55%) intraoperative mild arrhythmia; 13 cases (0. 90%) of surgery dangerous situations after extubation; 19 cases (1. 31%) of intraoperative primary hemorrhage; 11 cases (0. 76%) of mild arrhythmia during the postoperative observation period; 21 cases (1.45%) of uncontrolled hypertension immediately after surgery; 32 cases of secondary hemorrhage a week after surgery. All complications were cured and no death occured. Compared with those operations before 2003, complications were significantly reduced with enforcement of standardized management of perioperative measures since 2004. The data had significant difference by χ2 test( P <0.05). Conclusions There are five key points during the periperative period of OSAHS surgery: preoperative examination, intubation, surgery, postoperative extubation, and postoperative care. Risk factors and complications could be prevented effectively in the above five important processes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of metal plate on radiation dose distribution by Monte Carlo (MC) code. MethodsThe metal plates with 0. 4 thick were placed in water at 5 cm, all the plate irradiated with 6 MV X-ray were simulated by MC code, SSD =100 cm. The percentage depth dose with or without metal implants were compared. ResultsThe surface absorbed doses on incident plane of stainless steel plate and titanium plate were increased by 19. 6％ and 15.7％ respectively as compared water,the dose influence was less than 1.5％ more than 0. 3 cm outside the incidence plane. The doses on the exit surface of stainless steel plate and titanium plate were lowered by 8. 6％ and 8. 2％ when compared with water, the dose impacts of this places where were from the exit surface of stainless steel plate 、titanium plate more than 1.2 cm,0. 9 cm were less than 1.5％. The surface absorbed doses on incident plane of stainless steel plate were increased by 3.9％ respectively as titanium plate, the dose of the exit surface of stainless steel plate and titanium plate was similar. Conclusions MC method is a fast and accurate calculation method. The influence of metal plate on the radiotherapy dose distribution is significant. Under the such condition, the impact of stainless steel plate is much more than that of titanium alloy plate.

Objective To assess the risk factors of the in-hospital mortality of acute type A aortic dissection after operation. Method From January 2003 to June 2008,185 patients, 144 males and 41 females, with acute type A aortic dissection operated on were enrolled. The average age of patients was (49.46 ± 11.04 ) years old.The patients' demographics, history, clinical features, and some laboratory examinations were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analysis followed by logistic regression analysis were carried out to identify the predictors of inhospital mortality. Results The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.1%. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses as follows: pre-operation positive neurological symptom (Univariate OR = 5.084,95%CI:1.792 -14.426, P = 0.002; Multivariate OR = 5.538,95%CI: 1.834 - 16.721, P = 0.002, respectively), hypotension (Univariate OR = 6.986,95%CI:1.510- 32.323,P =0.013; multivariate OR = 1.998,95%CI:0.315-12.679,P = 0.463, respectively) and renal failure (Univariate OR = 3.594,95%CI:1.237 - 10.438,P =0.019; Multivariate OR = 3.254,95%CI:1.034- 10.242, P= 0.044, respectively). Conclusions There are two predictors, pre-operation positive neurological symptom and renal failure, of pre-hospital mortality found in current analyses. Our results may improve the regimen made by cardiac surgeons and emergency doctors so as to help patients and their relatives to make correct decision.

Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Wall ; pathology ; Young Adult

[Summary] Hypercalcemia in pregnancy is a rare condition which brings considerable risks to mother and fetus. The most common cause is primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT). The untypical symptoms and biochemical tests results add obstacles in the diagnosis of PHPT during pregnancy. The management is difficult, due to restrictions in choices of treatments and lack of clinical guidelines. Severity evaluation which takes consideration of calcium homeostasis during pregnancy is crucial for appropriate management. Parathyroidectomy during the second trimester is recommended for those with high serum calcium levels.

BACKGROUNDArticular cartilage injury is a common disease, and the incidence of articular wear, degeneration, trauma and sports injury is increasing, which often lead to disability and reduced quality of life. Unfortunately repair of articular cartilage defects do not always provide satisfactory outcomes.

METHODSChondrocyte and osteoblast composites were co-cultured using a bioreactor. The cartilage defects were treated with cell-β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composites implanted into osteochondral defects in dogs, in vivo, using mosaicplasty, by placing chondrocyte-β-TCP scaffold composites on top of the defect and osteoblast-β-TCP scaffold composites below the defect.

RESULTSElectron microscopy revealed that the induced chondrocytes and osteoblast showed fine adhesive progression and proliferation in the β-TCP scaffold. The repaired tissues in the experimental group maintained their thickness to the full depth of the original defects, as compared with the negative control group (q = 12.3370, P < 0.01; q = 31.5393, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPerfusion culture provided sustained nutrient supply and gas exchange into the center of the large scaffold. This perfusion bioreactor enables the chondrocytes and osteoblasts to survive and proliferate in a three-dimensional scaffold.

Animals ; Bioreactors ; Cartilage Diseases ; therapy ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; ultrastructure ; Dogs ; Flow Cytometry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; ultrastructure